2015年考研英语(一)阅读理解真题

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　　2010年考研英语(一)阅读理解真题

　　Section Ⅱ Reading Comprehension

　　Part A

　　Text 2

　　Over the past decade,thousands of patents have seen granled for what are called business methods.Amazon com received one for its―one-click‖online payment systern Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy.One invenlor patented a tochnique for lying a box

　　Now the nation’s top patent court appears completely ready to scale hack on business-method patents, which have been controversial e,ver since they were first authorized 10 years ago In a movethat has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz the U.S court of Appeals for the federal ctrcuit sald it would usea particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. Inre Bijskl, as the case is known, is―a very big deal‖， says Dermis'D Crouch of the University of Missoun

　　School of law.It ―has the potential to elinate an entire class of patmts‖

　　Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive pinhts to specific types of online transactions. Later, move established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might bent them to the punch. In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents despite tha fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment films armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice。

　　The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court’s judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluste is wether it should ―reconsider‖ its state street Bank ruling。

　　The Federal Circuit’s action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the supreme. Count that has nurrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for ―inventions‖ that are obvious. The judges on the Federal circuit are ―reaction to the anti_patent trend at the supreme court‖ says Harole C wegner, a partend attorney and professor at aeorge Washington University Law School。

　　26. Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because of

　　[A] their limited value to business

　　[B] their connection with asset allocation

　　[C] the possible restriction on their granting

　　[D] the controversy over authorization

　　27. Which of the following is true of the Bilski case?

　　[A] Its rulling complies with the court decisions

　　[B] It involves a very big business transaction

　　[C] It has been dismissed by the Federal Circuit

　　[D] It may change the legal practices in the U.S。

　　28. The word ―about-face‖(Line 1, Paro 3)most probably means

　　[A] loss of good will

　　[B]increase of hostility

　　[C]change of attitude

　　[D] change of auiuled

　　29.We learn from the last two pamgraphs that business-meihod Pateats

　　[A] are immune to legal challenges

　　[B] are of ten unnecessarily issued

　　[C] lower the esteem for pateat holders

　　[D] increase the incidence of risks

　　30.Which of the following would bethe subject ofthe text?

　　[A]A looming threat to bvamess-melhcd patents

　　[B]Protection for business-method patent holders

　　[C]A legal case regarding business-methodpatents

　　[D] A prevailing tread against business-method patents

　　Text 3

　　In his book The Tipping Poinl Malcohn aladuell aloues that social epidemics are dliven in largepart by the acting of a tiny minority of special individuals,often calledin flu entials who are unusuall informed, persuasive, or we connect The idea is intuit ively compelling but it doesn't explain howideas actually spread。

　　The supposed importance of inftuentials derives from a plansible sounding but largely untested theory untested thelry called the "tow-step flow of communication"

　　Information llows from the mediato the inftuentials and from then to ereryone else. Marke ters have embraced the two-step flow became it suggests that if they can just find and influence the in fluent ials, those select people will do most of the ork for them Thetheory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of people was wearing promoting or developing whaterver it is before anyoneelse paid attention Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people call drivetrends

　　In their recent work howeyer some researchers have come up with the finding that in fluentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is genetally supposed In fact they don’t seem to be required of all

　　The researchers' argument stems from a simple obserrating about social influence with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey-whose outsize presence is primanrilly a function of media not interpersonal influence-enen the most influential members of a population simply don't interact with that many others Yet it is precisely these non-celebring influentials who according to the two-step-flow theoryare supposed to drive social enidemics by influcenciny their friends and colleagues directly .For a social epidemic to occur however each person so sffected must then influcence his or her own acquaintances,who must in turn influence theirs and so on and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential.If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant for example from the initial influential prove resistant, for example the casecade of change won't propagate very far or affect many people。 Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence the researchers studied the dynamics of populations manipulating a number of variables relating of populations manipulating a number of variables relating to people’s abilify to influence others and their tendence to be

　　31. By citing the book The Tipping Point the author intends to

　　[A] analyze the consequences of social epid emics

　　[B] discuss influentials’ funcition in spreading ideas

　　[C] exemplify people’s intuitive response to social epidemics

　　[D] describe the essential characteristics of influentials

　　32. The author suggests that the ―two-step-flow theory‖

　　[A] serves as a solution to marketing problems

　　[B] has helped explain certain prevalent trends

　　[C] has won support from influentials

　　[D] requires solid evidence for its validity

　　33. what the researchers have observed recenty shows that

　　[A] the power of influence goes with social interactions

　　[B] interpersonal links can be enhanced through the media

　　[C] influentials have more channels to reach the public

　　{D}most celebritiea enjoy wide media attention

　　34.the underlined phrase ―these people‖in paragraph 4 refers to the ones who {A}stay outside the network of social influence

　　{B}have little contact with the source of influence

　　{C}are influenced and then influence others

　　{D} are influenced by the initial influential

　　34.what is the essential slement in the dynamics of social influence?

　　{A}The eageiness to be accepted

　　{B}The impulse to influence others

　　{C}The resdiness to be influenced

　　{D}The inclination to rely on others

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