瑞士的巴塞尔大学始创于1460年，是瑞士最古老的大学，其生化系居于世界领先地位，那么跟着出国留学网一起来了解下瑞士巴塞尔大学基本概况吧，欢迎阅读。
一、关于巴塞尔大学
The University of Basel has an international reputation of outstanding achievements in research and teaching. Founded in 1460, the University of Basel is the oldest university in Switzerland and has a history of success going back over 550 years.As a comprehensive university offering a wide range of high-quality educational opportunities, the University of Basel attracts students from Switzerland and the entire world, offering them outstanding studying conditions as they work towards their bachelor’s, master’s or PhD degrees. Today, the University of Basel has around 13,000 students from over a hundred nations, including 2,700 PhD students.The University of Basel has seven faculties covering a wide spectrum of academic disciplines. At the same time, the university has positioned itself amidst the international competition in the form of five strategic focal areas: Life Sciences, Visual Studies, Nanosciences, Sustainability and Energy Research and European and Global Studies. In international rankings, the University of Basel is regularly placed among the 100 top universities in the world thanks to its research achievements.The University of Basel has deep roots in the economically powerful and culturally rich Basel region. The university also works closely with domestic and international partners to make relevant contributions to the advancement of the sciences and society. This also means that the University of Basel pays particular attention to aspects of sustainability, equal opportunity and knowledge transfer.
巴塞尔大学在研究和教学方面具有杰出的国际声誉。巴塞尔大学成立于1460年，是瑞士最古老的大学，拥有550多年的成功历史。作为一所综合性大学，巴塞尔大学提供广泛的高质量的教育机会吸引了来自瑞士和全世界的学生，为他们的学士，硕士或博士学位提供了卓越的学习条件。现如今，巴塞尔大学拥有来自一百多个国家的约13,000名学生，其中博士生2700人。巴塞尔大学拥有七个学院涵盖广泛的学科。同时，大学在国际竞争中以生命科学、视觉研究、纳米科学、可持续发展与能源研究以及欧洲与全球研究五大战略重点领域的形式。在国际排名中由于其研究成果，巴塞尔大学经常被列入世界100所顶尖大学之列。巴塞尔大学深深扎根于经济强大和文化上富有的巴塞尔地区。大学还与国内外合作伙伴密切合作为科学和社会的进步做出相关贡献。这也意味着巴塞尔大学特别注意可持续性，平等机会和知识转移的方面。
二、历史沿革
As the oldest university in Switzerland, the University of Basel has a fascinating history of teaching and research going back over 550 years.The university opened with a mass held at Basel Minster on 4 April 1460. It has undergone dynamic development ever since its inception. During the first year following its founding, the University Register in Basel listed 226 students and lecturers. Today, the seven faculties at the University of Basel have around 13,000 students and over 350 professors.
作为瑞士最古老的大学，巴塞尔大学在过去的550年里有着令人着迷的教学和研究历史。这所大学于1460年4月4日在巴塞尔举行了一场弥撒。它从一开始就经历了动态的发展。在成立之初的第一年在巴塞尔的大学注册登记了226名学生和讲师。如今，巴塞尔大学的七个学院拥有大约13,000名学生和350多名教授。
Four faculties become seven：From the very beginning, the basic organizational structure was comprised of four faculties: Theology, Law, Medicine along with the Faculty of Arts (septem artes liberales), which later became the Faculty of Philosophy. The Faculty of Arts sought to provide a solid basis of knowledge and prepare students for studies in theology, law and medicine.While the division into four faculties barely changed during the first few centuries, the 19th century saw greater differentiation, which led to the founding of the Faculty of Science in 1937. The Faculty of Humanities continued to include a broad spectrum of arts-, culture- and social science-related disciplines until the economic sciences formed a separate faculty in 1997. In 2003, Psychology became its own faculty.
四个学院变为七个学院：从一开始基本的组织结构由四个学院组成;神学学院、法律学院、医学学院和艺术学院(修女院)后来成为了哲学的教授。艺术学院寻求提供坚实的基础知识，并为学生准备神学、法律和医学的研究。尽管在最初的几个世纪里，这一学科的划分几乎没有改变，但19世纪的分化更加严重，这导致了1937年科学学院的成立。人文学科继续包括广泛的艺术、文化和社会科学相关学科，直到1997年经济科学学院成立了一个独立的院系。在2003年，心理学成立了一个独立的院系。
Periods of prosperity and of stagnation:During its 550 years, the University of Basel has always experienced periods of upswing and of serious crises. The successful founding phase was followed by the first conflicts involving costs and the university model with which Basel was to align itself. There were also problems when Basel joined the Swiss Confederation in 1501, which was accompanied by a drop in enrolment.The Reformation years were a true test for an institution so strongly shaped by religion. The cleft between teaching staff who supported and who were opposed to the Reformation continued to grow wider. The conflicts continued to escalate until only a single student was still enrolled in the university in 1528. Nevertheless, activity at the university never ceased altogether. In 1531, for example, the first public anatomical dissection was conducted by the Faculty of Medicine, marking the start of a long history of successful achievements in the field of anatomy in Basel. As a result, the university gained a position of international prominence, particularly due to its relative denominational liberalness at the time.
繁荣和停滞的时期：在550年的时间里，巴塞尔大学一直经历着经济的上升期和严重的危机。成功的创始阶段之后，随之而来的是第一次涉及成本的冲突，以及巴塞尔协议本身的大学模式。当巴塞尔在1501年加入瑞士联邦时也存在一些问题，伴随着入学人数的下降。宗教改革的年代对一个深受宗教影响的机构来说是一次真正的考验。支持和反对宗教改革的教职员工之间的裂缝继续扩大。冲突继续升级，直到1528年只有一名学生仍在这所大学就读。然而，大学的活动从未停止过。例如，1531年，第一次公开解剖解剖是由医学院进行的，标志着在巴塞尔解剖学领域取得了长期的成功。其结果是，这所大学获得了国际地位的地位，特别是由于当时它的相对教派的自由主义。
A place of cultural reflection:Since the years of its founding, the university has also been characterized as a place of cultural reflection. Much of this owes itself to book printing as well as the university collections that have grown in size since the 15th century, creating the foundation for the city’s internationally renowned museums. Numerous scholars such as Erasmus of Rotterdam, who spent time in Basel, shaped the university and helped establish the city’s reputation as a center of humanism. This is documented by valuable historic artifacts in the University Library, which is presently one of the largest libraries in Switzerland.
文化反思的地方：自建国以来，这所大学一直被认为是一个文化反思的地方。这很大程度上归功于图书印刷以及自15世纪以来规模不断扩大的大学收藏，为这座城市的国际知名博物馆奠定了基础。许多学者，如鹿特丹的Erasmus，在巴塞尔度大学过了一段时间，塑造了这所大学并帮助建立了这座城市作为人文主义中心的声誉。这是由大学图书馆中珍贵的历史文物所记载的，它目前是瑞士最大的图书馆之一。
Debate surrounding dissolution of the university:During the 17th and 18th centuries, the tenuous relationship between the university and the government repeatedly gave rise to discussions. In the course of revolution and the Helvetic Republic, the university experienced another existential crisis which raised discussions of dissolving the university. In 1818, the crisis was initially averted through reorganization, which resulted in the university forfeiting its last remaining privileges and submission to state control.The 1833 split of the Canton of Basel and the resultant separation of assets between Basel-Stadt and Basel-Landschaft presented the university with an enormous challenge. Thanks to the extraordinary commitment on the part of the citizens of Basel, the crisis was resolved.
关于大学解散的辩论：在17和18世纪，大学与政府之间的脆弱关系不断引发讨论。在革命和Helvetic共和国的过程中，这所大学经历了另一场生存危机引发了关于解散大学的讨论。1818年，危机最初通过重组得以避免导致大学丧失其最后的特权，并服从国家控制。1833年的巴塞尔协议，以及巴塞尔-施塔特与巴塞尔-兰舍夫特的资产分离，给这所大学带来了巨大的挑战。由于巴塞尔协议的公民们做出了非凡的承诺危机得以解决。
A broad range of disciplines – a long tradition:From the start, academics at the university have always been characterized by a broad range of disciplines. The outstanding achievements in the most diverse of fields have shaped the reputation of the university over the centuries. The task is to preserve this in the face of global competition.The natural sciences, which have become increasingly important since the 19th century, play a considerable role in this respect. As early as the 17th century, the University of Basel pioneered this development along with the famous mathematicians and physicists from the Bernoulli family. Today, life sciences make up one particular research focus and are of great economic importance to the region.
Intense growth during the 20th century:The 20th century has been marked by growth, despite the political and societal challenges that faced the University of Basel through two world wars. The university accomplished something innovative by expanding academics beyond just students and researchers. A college of further education (Volkshochschule) was founded in 1919. Today, it is a an independent institution. In 1997, the University for Seniors was introduced, and the Children’s University was started in 2004.In contrast, the admittance of women to the University of Basel was a rather belated development. It was only in 1890 that women were allowed to study here. 1928 was the first year in which a woman was permitted to teach as an associate professor, and a woman was appointed a bona fide professorship for the first time in 1964. Today, women comprise about 54 percent of the student body.The last quarter of the 20th century has been shaped by discussions about retracting state control in order to give the university more autonomy. This has led to an institutional shift in which the university itself has played a major role. The higher education institution gained its independence from the state sponsors, thus changing its relationship to government and society. The State Treaty (Staatsvertrag) of 2007 expanded sponsorship by the two cantons of Basel-Stadt and Baselland, which have jointly supported the University ever since.At the same time, activities within the university became increasingly dynamic, which has manifested itself in the form of new fields and faculties, a restructuring of courses of studies to comply with the Bologna reform, as well as partnerships with other higher education institutions
20世纪的经济增长：尽管在两次世界大战期间，巴塞尔大学面临着政治和社会挑战，但20世纪的经济增长仍是增长的标志。这所大学通过扩大学生和研究人员的范围来实现创新。一所高等教育学院于1919年成立。现如今，它是一个独立的机构。1997年为高年级学生开设了一所大学并于2004年开办了儿童大学。相比之下，女性进入巴塞尔大学是一个相当迟来的发展。直到1890年，妇女才被允许在这里学习。1928年是第一个允许女性担任副教授的年份，1964年，一位女性首次被任命为真正的教授。如今，女性占了学生总数的54%。20世纪最后一个季度的发展是为了给大学更多的自主权而进行的关于撤销国家控制的讨论。这导致了一种制度上的转变，大学本身也扮演了重要的角色。高等教育机构从国家资助人那里获得了独立，从而改变了它与政府和社会的关系。2007年，国家条约(Staatsvertrag)扩大了巴埃尔斯塔特和巴塞兰的两大运河的赞助，这两个州从那时起就联合支持了这所大学。与此同时，大学内部的活动也日益活跃，以新领域和教员的形式表现出来，对博洛尼亚改革进行了重组并与其他高等教育机构建立了合作关系。
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