2012高考英语语法：形容词和副词考点分析

　　⑧否定词+比较级

　　该结构用否定形式表示肯定意义。要掌握该结构的用法，须注意以下几点：

　　▲该结构多为“can't /couldn't +比较级”的形式

　　I can't agree with you more.我再同意你的意见不过了。(或：我完全同意你的意见。)

　　The weather couldn't be worse.天气再糟糕不过了。

　　He couldn't have done better.他做得再好不过了。

　　▲用于该结构中的否定词除了not之外，还有no，never，nothing等

　　This could give her no greater pleasure.这使她再高兴不过了。

　　There's nothing cheaper.这东西再便宜不过了。

　　There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends.

　　为朋友而放弃生命的爱是最伟大的爱。

　　▲当该结构中的比较级为less时，其意义为“一点也不”

　　试比较：He couldn't care more.他非常介意。(或：他最关心不过了。)

　　He couldn't care less.他毫不介意。(或：他最漠不关心了。)

　　注意：反过来用肯定形式表示否定意义。这种用法主要见于：

　　▲know better than+不定式。这种结构意为“不至于”

　　You have a better command of French than to make such mistakes.

　　你的法语较好，不至于犯这样的错误。

　　He is more experienced than to do such a thing.

　　他比较有经验，不至于做这样的事。

　　▲more than…can。这种句型形式上是肯定，实际上有否定含义

　　The boys in the street have become very insolent and it is more than flesh and blood can bear.

　　街上的男孩变得非常无礼,到了人所不能忍受的地步。

　　The beauty of the place is more than I can describe.

　　那地方美得无法形容。

　　⑨倍数表达法

　　▲A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B.

　　The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one.

　　这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(高)/这座新楼比那座旧楼大(高)三倍。

　　▲A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B.

　　Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亚洲是欧洲的四倍大/亚洲比欧洲大三倍。

　　▲A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B.

　　Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。

　　用times表倍数通常用于三倍以上，两倍可以用twice或double.

　　3.最高级的用法

　　①三者或三者以上相比，表示最高程度时，用“the +最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比

　　较范围的介词短语;

　　Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.

　　He works(the)hardest in his class.

　　②最高级可被序数词以及much、by far、nearly、almost 、by no means、not quite、not really、nothing like

　　等词语所修饰;

　　This hat is by far / much / nearly / almost / not nearly / by no means / not quite / nothing like the biggest.

　　③表示“最高程度”的形容词，如excellent、extreme、perfect等，没有最高级，也没有比较级。

　　④形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时，被修饰的词往往省略;

　　He is the tallest(boy)in his class.

　　⑤作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。

　　Of all the boys he came(the)earliest.

　　4.形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况

　　①形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词，副词最高级前可不加冠词;

　　②形容词最高级前有时加不定冠词，或不加冠词，不表比较，表示“非常”;

　　He is a most clever young policeman.(most=very)

　　The film is most interesting.(most=very)

　　③as+形容词+a+单数名词;

　　This is as good an example as the other is.

　　④表示两者间“较……的一个”比较级前加the;

　　who is the older of the tow boys?

　　⑤在“the + 比较级…，the + 比较级…”结构中;

　　⑥在same前一般要加the;

　　⑦What +a/an+形容词+单数可数名词=How+形容词+ a/an+单数可数名词

　　What an interesting film it is!=How interesting a film it is!

　　⑧so和such的用法

　　so + 形容词 / 副词 + that …

　　so + 形容词 + a(n)+ 单数可数名词 + that …

　　so + many / much / little / few + 名词 + that …

　　such + a(n)+ 形容词+单数可数名词 + that …

　　such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + that …

　　such + 形容词 + 复数名词 + that …

　　下列词组中为什么只能用so不可用such?

　　so much progress、so many people、so little food、so few apples等。

　　因为名词受many、much、little、few等表示“多或少”意义的词修饰。

　　下列这句中such用得对不对?(对)。为什么?

　　These are such little boys that they can’t dress themselves.

　　因为little在这儿表示“小”，而不是表示“少”的意思。

　　下列so的用法是错误的：so difficult problems, so hot weather

　　为什么?因为problems是复数，weather是不可数名词。

　　⑧有些形容词前加the 成为名词。如the poor、the rich 等。

　　5.由as/so组成的形容词或副词短语

　　①as much as + 不可数名词：多达

　　Each stone weighs as much as fifteen tons.

　　②as many as + 可数名词：多达

　　I have as a many as sixteen reference books.

　　③as early as：早在

　　As early as the twelfth century the English began to invade the island.

　　④as far as：远到;就……而知(论)

　　We might go as far as (走到)the church and back.

　　As far as I know(就我所知)，he has been there before.

　　⑤may (might, could)as well：不妨、不如

　　Then you might as well stay with us here.

　　⑥as … as can be：到了最……的程度，极其

　　They are as unreliable as they can be.他们极其不可信。

　　⑦as … as one can：尽其所能

　　He began to run, as fast as he could.

　　⑧as … as possible：尽可能

　　Just get them to finish up as quickly as possible.

　　6.more /less than及其相关结构

　　第一类

　　①more than+具体数字=over：多于、超过……

　　He spoke English more than two years.(两年多)

　　more than+名词/动词/形容词/副词：不仅仅

　　China Daily is more than a newspaper and it can also help us learn English.

　　②not more than：不超过……，顶多……=at most

　　There were not more than 70 women in the store then.(不足70个女性)

　　③no more than：仅仅，只不过

　　The theater was no more than a painted barn.

　　这戏院只不过是漆了油漆的库房而已(没什么大不了的)。

　　④less than：少于、不足……

　　Their car broke down where they drove less than five miles.(不到五英里)

　　less than+名词/形容词：仅仅

　　He is less than pleased to have visitors.

　　⑤not less than：……以上，至少……=at least

　　He has not less than 2oo dollars.(至少200美元)

　　⑥no less than：不会少于……，与……一样，简直就……

　　It is no less than robbery to ask me for so much.

　　要我这么多钱，简直跟抢劫没有两样。