GRE阅读训练

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　　No. 011

　　It was possible to demonstrate by other methods refined structural differences among neuron types; however, proof was lacking that the quality of the impulse or its condition was influenced by these differences, which seemed instead to influence the developmental patterning of the neural circuits.

　　No. 012

　　Although qualitative variance among nerve energies was never rigidly disproved, the doctrine was generally abandoned in favor of the opposing view, namely, that nerve impulses are essentially homogeneous in quality and are transmitted as “common currency” throughout the nervous system.

　　No. 013

　　Other experiments revealed slight variations in the size, number, arrangement, and interconnection of the nerve cells, but as for as psychoneural correlations were concerned, the obvious similarities of these sensory fields to each other seemed much more remarkable than any of the minute differences.

　　No. 014

　　Although some experiments show that, as an object becomes familiar, its internal representation becomes more holistic and the recognition process correspondingly more parallel, the weight of evidence seems to support the serial hypothesis, at least for objects that are not notably simple and familiar.

　　No. 015

　　In large part as a consequence of the feminist move...

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　　No. 001

　　That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of descendants an individual will have and hence the number of gene copies transmitted.

　　No. 002

　　Hardy’s weakness derived from his apparent inability to control the comings and goings of these divergent impulses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energetic and risky ones.

　　No. 003

　　Virginia Woolf’s provocative statement about her intentions in writing Mrs. Dalloway has regularly been ignored by the critics, since it highlights an aspect of her literary interests very different from the traditional picture of the “poetic” novelist concerned with examining states of reverie and vision and with following the intricate pathways of individual consciousness.

　　No. 004

　　As she put it in The Common Reader, “It is safe to say that not a single law has been framed or one stone set upon another because of anything Chaucer said or wrote; and yet, as we read him, we are absorbing morality at every pore.”

　　No. 005

　　With the conclusion of a burst of activity, the lactic acid level is high in the body fluids, leaving the large animal vulnerable to attack until the acid is reconverted, via oxidative metabolism, by the liver into glucose, which is then sent (in part) back to the muscles for gl...

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　　“I HATE driving in Los Angeles—the traffic makes you want to shoot yourself,” says Dr Dre, a rapper. So he buys wheels from Becker Automotive Design, a Californian firm that customizes rides for the rich and gridlocked. His latest purchase is a stretched Cadillac Escalade with a flat-screen television and a digital system that allows him to browse his home film library in the car. “I like to close the curtains, relax and watch Martin Scorsese films,” says Dr Dre.

　　“我讨厌在洛杉矶开车，交通堵塞简直能把人逼死”说唱歌手德利说道。因此他从贝克汽车设计公司购买汽车。这家位于加利福尼亚的公司专门为堵在路上的富豪提供个性化的座驾。德利最近新入一辆加长凯迪拉克凯雷德，新车配有液晶显示超薄电视机，另安装了一个能让他在车里观看他家所有电影的数字系统。德利称“我喜欢拉上窗帘，观看马丁·斯科塞斯的电影放松”。

　　Todd Doney, a property broker, used to spend three or four hours a day stuck behind the wheel of his Bentley. Now he spends that time talking to clients on the telephone, returning e-mails, and going over documents. His chauffeur-driven car is, in effect, a tricked-out mobile office. “I feel like I'm beating the system because I can work while everyone else is stuck in traffic,” he says.

　　托德·多尼是一个房产经纪人，过去经常几乎每天有3-4小时是困在他的宾利轿车中。现在，他利用那部分时间与客户进行电话洽谈。回复邮件或查看文件。实际上，他那带司机的轿车已经成为特别装潢的移动办公室。他说，“我觉得我就想是赚了制度空子的人，因为当其他人被交通拥堵所困的时候我却在工作”。

　　For three years in a row, congestion in Los Angeles has been the worst in America. That is good news for Howard Becker, the founder of Becker Automotive. He began his bu...

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　　As other countries move to ban Muslim head coverings, Turkey is going the opposite way.

　　当其他国家正执行穆斯林头巾禁令时，土耳其却反其道而行。

　　Women have been free to wear headscarves at state universities since 2011, and in parliament since 2013.

　　自2011年以来，女性可以不受限制地在公立大学戴头巾，并且从2013年开始女性可以戴头巾进入国会。

　　Last August policewomen were allowed to cover their heads; in November a ban on headscarves among civilian defense staff was lifted.

　　去年八月份允许女警察戴头巾;11月份解除了民事国防人员不得戴头巾的禁令。

　　In 1925 Kemal Ataturk, Turkey’s first president, declared that a “civilized, international dress” was “worthy and appropriate” for the new republic.

　　1925年土耳其第一任总统凯末尔·阿塔图尔克宣布：“文明且与国际接轨的着装是与新共和国相称且恰当的。”

　　For men, this meant Western shoes, trousers, shirts and ties—in with the bowler and out with the fez.

　　这意味着男子要西装革履——废除费兹帽并改戴常礼帽。

　　Women were urged to follow European fashion, dance the foxtrot and work in the professions.

　　鼓励女子跟随欧州时尚，跳狐步舞并进入各行各业工作。

　　In 1934 Turkey let women vote and banned the wearing of the Islamic veil.

　　1934年土耳其允许妇女投票并禁止佩戴穆斯林面纱。

　　Curbs on religious garb were tightened in the 1990s.

　　二十世纪九十年代对宗教服装的限制更加严格。

　　Fatma Benli, a lawyer and parliamentarian, remembers being asked to remove her scarf before defending her dissertation in the late 1990s.<...

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　　Can a Muslim woman be denied a job because of her headscarf?

　　穆斯林妇女就该因为头巾而遭遇求职被拒吗?

　　SAMANTHA ELAUF, a young Muslim woman, did well in her interview for a job at a children's branch of Abercrombie & Fitch, a casual-clothing store, in Tulsa, Oklahoma. But when the interviewer told a manager about Ms Elauf's black headscarf, she was instructed to lower the applicant's “appearance” score and deny her the job. According to the company's “look policy”, employees must align their dress with the “preppy look of the Ivy League” and must not wear “caps” or black clothing. In fact Abercrombie is best-known for the half-naked (but preppy) hunks that adorn its shopping bags.

　　萨曼莎·埃劳夫是一名穆斯林少女，曾在Abercrombie & Fitch休闲服装公司(位于奥克拉何马州吐桑市)的童装分公司面试中表现不错。然而，当面试者和经理谈起埃劳夫小姐的黑色头巾时，埃劳夫小姐的“形象分”便大打折扣，而且她的求职也被拒绝了。根据该公司的“外貌政策(look policy)”，雇员着装要求必须符合“常青藤学院派风格”，不能戴“帽子”，不能穿黑色衣服。事实上，A&F公司却是因印刷在购物袋上半裸(但具学院风)的大块头而闻名于世。

　　Ms Elauf turned to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), which sued the store on her behalf. A federal district court in Oklahoma ruled that in refusing to hire Ms Elauf because of her religious practice, Abercrombie had violated Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. On appeal, the Tenth Circuit Court held for the company. If Ms Elauf wanted a religious accommodation, the appeals court said, she should have asked for it.

　　埃劳夫小姐向公平就业机会委员会(EEOC)求助，该委员会代表她起诉了A&F。奥克拉荷马州的联...

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　　How the one-child policy changed Chinese nuptials

　　独生子女政策如何改变了中式婚礼

　　OVERSIZE cupids in pink, furry outfits hand out heart-shaped balloons with “I Do” written on them (in English) at a wedding-themed trade fair in Beijing. Vendors offer romantic photo-shoots of couples under water or at a racetrack, personalized wedding cigarettes, and biscuits with names such as “Date & Fate”. An emphasis on love is a new addition to Chinese weddings—and shines a pink-filtered spotlight on social change.

　　在北京的主题婚礼展上，粉色的超大丘比特身穿毛茸茸的衣服，手持心形气球，气球上写着“I Do”(“我愿意”的英文)。婚礼代理商们向新人们提供浪漫的水下或赛道婚纱照拍摄，个性化的婚礼香烟，以及刻字饼干，如“Date & Fate(巧遇)”饼干。把重点放在爱情上是中式婚礼上的一个新现象，闪耀的粉红滤光灯下聚焦的是社会的变革。

　　For centuries, marriage in China was about ensuring heirs for the groom's family. Ceremonies centered on the groom's kin: couples kowtowed to the man's parents but the woman's relatives were absent. Unusually, both the groom's and the bride's family exchanged money or goods. The more money changed hands, the more opulent the wedding.

　　几个世纪以来，结婚在中国意味着确保传递新郎家的香火。结婚仪式的重点是新郎的亲属：夫妻向男方父母磕头，女方亲属却不与之同席。而与此不同，新郎和新娘的家人需彼此交换金钱或物品，转手的彩礼钱越多，婚礼越奢华。

　　After it came to power in 1949, the Communist Party imposed frugality. Dowries consisted of necessities like bed linen or a bicycle; guests brought their own food coupons. But since the 1980s the extravagance of nuptials has matched the country's rise. Celebrations moved out of homes ...

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　　Regulation is keeping remittances unnecessarily expensive.

　　相关法规导致汇款手续费虚高，而这种费用可有可无。

　　After sweating through a day's work under the hot Dubai sun, the last thing an Indian construction worker wants is to donate a slug of his earnings to a bank or money-transfer outfit.

　　在迪拜的烈日底下，刚刚忙完工作的印度建筑工人急着去银行或者汇款处上缴微薄的收入。

　　Yet that is what he must do.

　　无奈的是他不得不这么做。

　　On average, 6.9 cents of every dollar remitted to India from another country is eaten up by fees and foreign-exchange margins, according to the World Bank.

　　据世界银行统计，其他国家向印度每汇入1美金，手续费和外汇差额平均将会吞掉其中的6.9分钱。

　　Indians get off relatively lightly.

　　印度人损失相对较少。

　　A sub-Saharan African migrant loses an average of 9.7 cents.

　　撒哈拉沙漠以南的非洲国家移民者则平均损失9.7分钱。

　　In 2009 the G8 pledged to cut the average cost of international remittances to 5% of the sum sent within five years.

　　2009年，八国集团曾经承诺在五年内把国际汇款平均手续费降低至本金的5%。

　　Rates have since come down, but not by much: the average is now 7.7%.

　　自此，费率下降了，但降得不痛不痒：目前仍然平均高达7.7%。

　　And the implicit tax on remittances is even higher than these figures suggest, since they are based on transfers of $200, but many payments are smaller.

　　上述数据以汇款金额达到200美金以上作为基础，但实际上大部分汇款金额并没有达到这个要求，使得有关部门对汇款征收的隐形税远远高于图表中揭示的数据。

　　In part, Dilip Ratha of the World Bank blames the exclusive aGREements signed by bank...

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　　Dogs, unlike people, are capable of pure love—at least according to Freud.

　　与人类不同，狗对主人的情感是纯洁无瑕的——至少弗洛伊德是这么说的。

　　As ever more Americans live alone, unconditional affection is in demand.

　　随着美国独居人数的增多，这种无条件的爱更是广受欢迎。

　　Pet ownership has risen for decades.

　　数十年来，越来越多的人开始饲养宠物。

　　More than a third of homes have at least one dog, according to the American Veterinary Medical Association.

　　根据美国兽医协会的调查，超过三分之一的家庭养了至少一只宠物狗。

　　But the popularity of four-legged friends has an icky cost: dogs squeeze out more than twice the waste of the average person, or around 275 pounds a year.

　　但四条腿朋友的盛行代价也是恼人的：狗年均排泄量比人均两倍还要多，大概一年在275磅左右。

　　With over 83m pooches roaming the country, that is a lot of poop.

　　超过8300万流浪狗游走在城市之间，这可是个不小的“粪”量。

　　Around 60% of the stuff gets scooped and trucked to landfills, where it releases methane, a GREenhouse gas.

　　约60%的粪便会被挖走并运到释放温室气体甲烷的沼气填埋池。

　　The rest delivers surprises to pedestrians and can contaminate waterways, as carnivorous diets create pathogen-rich waste.

　　剩余的便便在惊到路人的同时还会污染河流，因为这种肉食性的饮食会制造出大量携带病菌的排泄物。

　　The problem is particularly bad in cities, where green spaces are few and lonely souls seeking puppy love plentiful.

　　这个问题在城市里极其严重，因为绿化少，而寻求宠物情感关爱的孤独身影却尤为多。

　　New York boasts over 600,000 hounds—one for every 14 people—generating over 100,000tons o...