GRE阅读真题解析

　　出国留学网GRE栏目小编们精心为广大考生准备了“GRE阅读真题解析之PP2-3 Passage 3”，各位同学赶快学起来吧，做好万全准备，祝各位同学考试顺利通过。

　　PP2-3 Passage 3

　　Electric washing machines, first introduced in the United States in 1925, significantly reduced the amount of time spent washing a given amount of clothes, yet the average amount of time households spent washing clothes increased after 1925. This increase is partially accounted for by the fact that many urban households had previously sent their clothes to professional laundries. But the average amount of time spent washing clothes also increased for rural households with no access to professional laundries.

　　1. Which of the following, if true, most helps to explain why the time spent washing clothes increased in rural areas?

　　A. People with access to an electric washing machine typically wore their clothes many fewer times before washing them than did people without access to electric washing machines.

　　B. Households that had sent their clothes to professional laundries before 1925 were more likely than other households to purchase an electric washing machine when they became available.

　　C. People living in urban households that had previously sent their clothes to professional laundries typically owned more clothes than did people living in rural households.

　　D. The earliest electric washing machines required the user to spend much more time beside the machine than do modern electric washing ...

　　出国留学网GRE栏目小编们精心为广大考生准备了“GRE阅读真题解析：PP2-4 Passage 2”，各位同学赶快学起来吧，做好万全准备，祝各位同学考试顺利通过。

　　PP2-4 Passage 2

　　The dusky salamander lives only in slow-moving streams where organic debris settles and accumulates. In almost all places in New York State where ducky salamanders used to live, suburban development has cleared uplands and put down asphalt. As a result, rainwater now runs directly into streams, causing increased flow that slows the accumulation of organic sediments. Therefore, it is probably the increased flow caused by suburban development that is responsible for the dusky salamander’s virtual disappearance from New York State.

　　1. Which of the following, if true, most strongly supports the argument?

　　A. Since 1980 the suburban population of New York State has grown ten times faster than its urban population.

　　B. Dusky salamanders have disappeared in the past ten years from some suburban areas of New York State that were originally developed more than a century ago and that have not experienced significant development for decades.

　　C. The two-line salamander, a species that lives in both slow- and swift-moving waters, continues to thrive in streams in New York State from which dusky salamanders have disappeared.

　　D. Suburban development in New York State contributes significantly to pollution of local streams with lawn fertilizers that are poisonous to most small aquatic animals.

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　　The transplantation of organs from one individual to another normally involves two major problems: (1) organ rejection is likely unless the transplantation antigens (a usually protein or carbohydrate substance (as a toxin or enzyme) capable of stimulating an immune response) of both individuals are nearly identical, and (2) the introduction of any unmatched transplantation antigens induces the development by the recipient of donor-specific lymphocytes that will produce violent rejection of further transplantations from that donor. However, we have found that among many strains of rats these “normal” rules of transplantation are not obeyed by liver transplants. Not only are liver transplants never rejected, but they even induce a state of donor-specific unresponsiveness in which subsequent transplants of other organs, such as skin, from that donor are accepted permanently. Our hypothesis is that (1) many strains of rats simply cannot mount a sufficiently vigorous destructive immune-response (using lymphocytes) to outstrip the liver’s relatively great capacity to protect itself from immune-response damage and that (2) the systemic unresponsiveness observed is due to concentration of the recipient’s donor-specific lymphocytes at the site of the liver transplant.

　　17. The primary purpose of the passage is to treat the accepted generalizations about organ transplantation in w...

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　　1. Although these molecules allow radiation at visible wavelengths， where most of the energy of sunlight is concentrated，to pass through，they absorb some of the longer-wavelength，　　infrared emissions radiated from the Earth‘s surface，radiation that would　otherwise be transmitted back into space. (4)

　　虽然这些分子允许可见波长(visible wavelength)的辐射——阳光的绝大部分能量就汇集于此——不受阻挡地穿透，但它们却会吸收某些较长波长(longer-wavelength)，亦即从地球表面辐射出的红外发射(infrared emission)，这种辐射若不是二氧化碳的缘故就会被重新输送回太空。

　　难句类型：复杂修饰、抽象词

　　解释：前面的分句中有一个不算很长的插入语，但是因为它插入的位置正好在固定搭配allow something to do somthing中间，将allow和to分得很远，所以读起来让人感觉很不舒服。

　　后面的分句中的最后一行radiation that would otherwise be transmitted back into space是其前面的infrared emissions的同位语。其中的otherwise是副词作状语，表示如果后面的分句所说的they absorb some of the longer-waverlength， infrared emissions不发生时的后果。

　　意群训练：Although these molecules allow radiation at visible wavelengths， where most of the energy of sunlight is concentrated， to pass through， they absorb some of the longer-wavelength， infrared emissions radiated from the Earth's surface， radiation that would　otherwise be transmitted back into space.

　　2. The role those anthropologists ascribe to evolution is not of dictating　the details of human behavior but one　of imposing constraints—ways of　feeling，thinking，and acting that　　"come naturally" in archetypal situations in any culture. (4)

　　这些人类学家所归诸于生物进化的作用，不...