主谓一致高考考点

　　出国留学网雅思栏目小编们精心为广大考生准备了“雅思语法陷阱：主谓一致”，各位同学赶快学起来吧，做好万全准备，祝各位同学考试顺利通过

　　主谓一致听起来简单，但由于汉语中不用将动词加复数或者更改时态，很多同学在学习英语的时候也因为没有改变谓语动词的意识而导致丢分，那么，究竟如何避免主谓一致的陷阱呢?

　　学员作业中每每看到有同学将句子结构、句序或者从句的关系词终于选择正确了，但却败在了主谓一致上，我就由衷地觉得可惜。

　　主谓一致可以从四方面来理解：

　　1.语法一致;

　　比如：主语是单数，谓语动词就用单数;主语是复数，谓语动词就用复数。当然这只在现在时态，即一般现在时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时中体现。

　　这个要求看起来很简单，但在实际运用中，基本上所有的同学都会被我反复地提醒使用第三人称单数。

　　2.意义一致;

　　这个主要是涉及到集体名词，比如audience;army;family;jury;stuff;crew;couple等，如果这类词意义上指整体的概念谓语就用单数，如果意义指具体成员则谓语动词就用复数。

　　如：

　　The population in this area is increasing very slowly.

　　One third of the population in this area are workers.

　　3.就近原则;

　　由or;either...or;neither...nor;not only…but also等词连接的名词或者代词作主语，谓语动词的单复数取决于与动词最近的名词的单复数。

　　Neither you nor your friend is to blame.

　　4.就远原则;

　　由as well as;rather than; with;together with; in addition; combined with这几个词连接的名词或者代词作主语，谓语动词的单复数取决于这几个词前面的名词是单数还是复数。

　　The teacher rather than the students opens the door.

　　The students rather than the teacher open the door.

　　还有需要注意的是：

　　1.a series/line/group/list+of+名词复数，谓语动词用单数

　　2.分数、百分数、part/rest/half+名词作主语，谓语动词的单复数取决于名词本身的单复数。

　　3.both of+名词复数，谓语用复数

　　4.each/neither/either/everything/anything作主语，谓语用单数

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　　一、 谓语动词在人称和数上必须和主语一致

　　1.The results of the experiment that you have all made good progress. 2.Between the two buildings

　　二、如果主语是一个抽象概念,谓语动词用单数

　　1.Growing vegetables nstant watering.

　　2.That we have made brilliant achievements

　　三、由and 并列的两个名词做主语时，如果表示的是一个同一概念或者单数概

　　念，谓语动词用单数，否则用复数

　　1.The iron and steel industry very important.

　　2.The teacher and poet often 3. The teacher and the poet are good friends in the city.

　　4.When and where to build the shopping center

　　四、如果主语是单数，即使后面跟着由with, together with, as well as, like, but,

　　except等引起的短语，谓语动词仍然用单数(与第一个主语保持一致) 1.An iron and steel works, with some satellite factories, to be built here.

　　2.A scientist, together with some assistants, sent to the flooded area to help in the work. 3.The teacher as well as the students4.None but Xiao Wang it.

　　五、each 和由some, any, no, every构成的复合代词都看作单数

　　1.Each of us (注意如果是we each

　　就不一样了)

　　3.Just a minute, someone talking with manager.

　　六、what, which, who, some, more, most, all等代词是单数或是复数要依据意思来定

　　1.Which your room / rooms? 2.What we need more practice. 3.What he left me 4.All that can be done 5. All but you here just now. 七、none指不可数名词时为单数，指可数名词时为单复皆可，主要取决于说话

　　人头脑中联想到的是单数还是复数

　　1.None of th...

　　在英语中，句子中的谓语动词在人称和单、复数形式上必须和主语保持一致，这就是我们通常说的“主谓一致”。这一点看似简单，但在实际运用中却常常遇到麻烦。一般情况下，主谓之间的一致关系由以下三个原则的支配： 语法一致原则、 意义一致原则和就近原则。更多有关2014中考英语的信息可登录出国留学网英语频道，欢迎收藏本站(CTRL+D即可收藏)!

　　2014年中考英语常见考点：主谓一致

　　知识点总结

　　一、语法一致

　　主谓一致的原则是指主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致:主语是单数形式,谓语也采取单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语亦采取复数形式.例如:

　　He often helps me learn English. (主语是单数形式,谓语也采取单数形式) . My friends often help me learn English. (主语是复数形式,谓语也采取复数形式)

　　但主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致的问题远不只上述的那么简单,有许多方面的情况需要去具体地对待:

　　1、不定式,动名词,以及从句作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数.

　　例如: Reading aloud is helpful to learn English.大声朗读对学习英语是有帮助的。

　　What he said has been recorded .他说的话已被录音了.

　　2、不定代词one, every, each, everybody, everyone, one of, no one, nothing, nobody, someone, somebody, either, neither, many a 等作主语或是修饰主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数.但none 作主语时,谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数,这要取决于说话人的看法。

　　例如:Neither of my sisters likes sports .我的妹妹中没人喜欢运动. Every boy and girl shows great interest in this book .每个男孩和女孩对这本书都表现出很大的兴趣.

　　3、表示国家,机构,事件,作品等名称的专有名词作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数.

　　例如: One Thousand And One Nights tells people lots of interesting stories . 《一千零一夜》给人们讲了许多有趣的故事。

　　4、 a kind of, the number of等与名词构成名词短语作主语时应看作单数,谓语动词用单数.

　　例如: The number of workers in the factory is 400. 这个工厂里工人的数量是400.

　　A kind of rose in the garden smells very pleasant.这座花园里有一种玫瑰香气怡人.

　...

　　冠词

　　1.不定冠词a/an表示个别或泛指的用法; 定冠词the特指某一个人或事物的用法; 2.考查冠词在固定搭配中的用法 ，包括零冠词(即不用冠词)表示泛指及其习惯搭配用法 ;

　　3.考查不定冠词在具体化抽象名词前的用法 ;

　　4.考查冠词在比较级前的用法 ;

　　5.考查冠词在其他特殊结构中的用法 ;

　　6.考查用不用冠词意义大不相同的短语 。

　　名词和主谓一致

　　1.对名词的可数与不可数性的考查：

　　①最常见的形式是主谓一致的考查;分数和百分数作主语、数量词作主语仍将是考查重点(as well as; together with; along with; not only…but also…; rather than; neither…nor…; either…or…; the number of与a number of等要特别关注);

　　②有些名词的复数形式可以表示特别的意义;

　　③有些名词通常用作不可数名词;

　　④有些名词用作不可数名词时，表示抽象概念，与不定冠词连用或用作可数名词时表示个体事物;

　　⑤有些名词，既可以作可数名词，也可以用作不可数名词，但意思不一样;

　　⑥某些集体名词，如果把它们所表示的人或事物当作整体来看待，谓语动词用单数形式;如果把它们表示的人或事物当作若干个体来看，谓语动词用复数形式。

　　2.对名词词义及词义辨析的考查;

　　3.对名词与介词固定搭配的考查;

　　4.对名词句法功能的考查：重在考查名词作定语的用法。

　　【知识点归纳】

　　(一)冠词

　　冠词分为不定冠词(a, an)，定冠词(the)，和零冠词。

　　I.不定冠词的用法

　　1.指一类人或事，相当于a kind of

　　A plane is a machine that can fly.

　　2.第一次提及某人某物，非特指

　　A boy is waiting for you.有个男孩在等你。

　　3.表示“每一”相当于every，one

　　We study eight hours a day.

　　4.表示“相同”相当于the same

　　We are nearly of an age.

　　5.用于人名前，表示不认识此人或与某名人有类似性质的人或事

　　—Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith?

　　—Sorry, wrong number. There isn't______ Mr. Smith here.

　　A. 不填 B. a C. the D. one

　　That boy is rather a Lei Feng.(活雷锋)

　　6.用于固定词组中

　　a couple of, a bit, once upon a time, in a hurry, have a walk, many a time

　　【考点直击】

　　1. 语法一致的原则

　　2. 意义一致的原则

　　3. 邻近一致的原则

　　【名师点睛】

　　谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，这叫做主谓一致。主谓

　　一致一般遵循三条原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近一致原则。

　　1. 语法一致的原则

　　(1)以单数名词或代词，动词不定式短语作主语时，谓语动词要用单数;主语为复数时，谓语用复数，例如：

　　He goes to school early every morning.

　　The children are playing outside.

　　To work hard is necessary for a student.

　　由and或both……and连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：

　　Both he and I are right.

　　Mr Black and Mrs Black have a son called Tom.

　　但并列主语如果指的是同一人，同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词用单数。例如：

　　His teacher and friend is a beautiful girl.

　　The poet and writer has come.

　　(3)由and连接的并列单数主语之前如果分别由each， every修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：

　　In our country every boy and every girl has the right to receive education.

　　Each man and each woman is asked to help.

　　(4)主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有 but ，except， besides， with 等介词短语，谓语动词仍用单数。例如：

　　The teacher with his students is going to visit the museum.

　　Nobody but two boys was late for class.

　　Bread and butter is a daily food in the west.

　　(5) 一些只有复数形式的名词，如people， police， cattle， clothes等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。例如：

　　A lot of people are dancing outside.

　　The police are looking for lost boy.

　　(6)由each， some， any， no， every 构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词都用单数。例如：

　　Is everybody ready?

　　Somebody is using the phone.

　　(7)有两部分构成的物体的名词，如glasses， shoes， trousers， chopsticks， scissors 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。例如：...

语法过关
1．How time flies! Ten years ________ passed.
A. have B. has C. is D. are
2．Not only his parents but also his brother ________ to the Summer Palace. They haven't been back.
A. have been B. have gone C. has been D. has gone
3．Neither my father ________ going to see the patient.
A. nor I am B. nor I are C. or me are D. or me is
4．Look! There _______ playing with the tourists on Yinhe Square. (2004包头)
A. are a number of deer B. are a number of deers C. is a number of deer D. is a number of deers
5．The number of ________ in our class ________ fifty.
A. student, is B. the students, are C. the students, is D. students, are
6．The number of the students in our class _____ 54.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
7．Not only I but also Jane and Mary________ tired of having one examination after another．
A．is B．are C．am D．be
8．A library with five thousand books ____to the nation as a gift.
A．is offered B．has offered C．are offered D．have offered
9．When and where to build the new factory _________yet．
A．is not decided B．are not decided C．has not decided D．have not decided
10．The number of people invited __fifty， but a number of them ______absent for different reasons．
A．were，was B．was, wa...