托福写作原则

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　　1.Q：一定需要三大段论点理由展开来证明开头观点吗?

　　A：No. 中间段可以有一个论点展开,也可以拿到满分. 同学们可以参看ETS的第三版 p202页的官方范文5分和4分范文赏析. 但是, 如果有两个至三个理由来证明开头观点更好, 所以平时同学们要多练习Brainstorming快速找理由写提纲.

　　2.Q: 独立写作中间段的结构是什么?

　　A: 论点Main pointSentence+论据Details. 尽量不要突兀地写forexample, 需要指明例子之前的论点句. 其中论点句指的是证明开头段中观点的理由, 论据则是该理由的细节展示.

　　比如:

　　论点Main point Sentence: Anotheradvantage of living with an American family is that the students are in anideal environment to improve his English.

　　论据Details: For example,each time he has a conversation with someone in the family, thisnative speaker can help him with the pronunciation and grammar. Maybe theyounger children in the family can help him with his homework, too. But themost important thing is that he will be surrounded by English most of timeduring his stay in the United States.

　　3.Q: 怎么展开一个中间段落才能做到评分标准5分要求呢?

　　A: 其实有很多方法将论点展开Details, 比如: 我强化班会重点介绍的几种: Specific personal example 少而精的个人经历; General example 多而简的宽泛例子罗列; compare& contrast对比反差; Study &Survey 调查数据; Famous people权威名人; Quotation名言谚语等.

　　4.Q: 独立写作中间段的论据如果想写个人经历, 应该怎样写才算高分?

　　A: 注意个人经历内容写到精确具体, 语言做到准确地道形象. 比如:

　　论点: English does not seem to be spoken by Americansin the same way that it was presented in my textbooks.

　　个人经历: Take myself for example, the first time I asked anAmerican a question, I got a strange response. The man who answer...

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　　在托福写作中，通常遵循introduction- body-conclusion(引言段-主体段-结论段)的“三步曲”。Body(主体)段落提供了论证观点的理由，是整个文章的主体，在评分中占有很大的比重。例如一篇满分的雅思作文(9分)必须“presents a fully developed position in answer to the question with relevant， fully extended and well supported ideas”。这里的“fully extended / well supported”，必须通过主体段来体现。

　　新托福满分作文(5分)也要求“is well organized and well developed， using clearly appropriate explanations， exemplifications， and/or details”，同样必须通过主体段落发展来实现。一般来说，一篇议论文必须包含至少两个主体段。每个主体段都必须有明确的主题句“topic sentence”和若干支持句“supporting sentences”。他们共同组成文章的理由段，对全文的论点提供理由支持。专家建议初学者在练习议论文写作时，必须遵循理由段发展的几个简单原则，这对迅速完成理由段、构建连贯和理由充分的议论文大有帮助。这几个简单原则包括：

　　1.Write a topic sentence for each paragraph you plan to write. Each topic sentence should relate to your thesis statement and introduce what the paragraph will be about. If you find that the topics you want to discuss do not support the thesis statement you have written， revise your thesis statement or reconsider your topic sentences.

　　(每个主体段都必须有一个明确的主题句)

　　2.Write ideas that support your topic sentences. The topic sentence for each paragraph tells the reader what the paragraph will be about. The ideas stated in the rest of the paragraph should all relate to the topic sentence.

　　(支持句必须围绕主题句展开)

　　Hobbies are important for many reasons. First， a hobby can be educational. For example， if the hobby is stamp collecting， the person ...