托福写作常见语法错误

　　托福作文也需要不断的练习与积累，为了帮助考生们更加有效的备考托福，出国留学网托福考试栏目为大家提供“2016年托福写作常见的语法错误”，希望考生们能有所收获。

　　男哥按：“amounts of”和“numbers of”用法有区别吗?“such as”和“like”有区别吗?“persons”能够用来替换“people”吗?托福作文里能用“you”吗?“so that”和“so”有什么区别?这些都是同学们在写作时常常提出的疑问。这些关于语言标准用法的小问题就像头皮屑，也许一般不会被注意到，但总是在特定的时候出现，让我们感到好烦。想象一下，一篇充满着语法小错和不准确用词的文章，如何能拿到高分?

　　另一个让我们郁闷的事实是，对于这样的小问题，找到一个统一的标准答案似乎都比较难：你的学霸同学可能告诉你事实是这样的，而你的一个老师却说应该是那样的，而某网站的解释又否定了前面两种说法。究竟该相信谁?

　　以OG、韦氏等权威资料为标准，老王现将一些这样的问题罗列出来，一一澄清，让它们对你长期的困扰得以终结。

　　Q1、“amounts of”和“numbers of”的用法一样吗?

　　就在不久前，还看到一个同学在作文里写了“amounts of people have the opportunity to work at home nowadays”这样的句子。也有很多同学写过“a great amount of historical buildings”或“the amount of printed books”这样的表达。问问这样写的同学，他们往往将“amounts of”或“an amount of”当成了“a lot of”或“lots of”的替代表达。“a lot of”或“lots of”一般来说的确不太适合用在书面表达中，但是它们修饰的名词可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词，因此用不着多做考虑。然而，用“an amount of”或“amounts of”来修饰的名词，根据标准用法的要求，应该修饰物质名词(如water)或抽象名词(如pain)，也就是不可数的名词。因此，用它们来修饰“people”、“buildings”这样的可数名词是不正确的。那么，什么量词用来修饰可数名词呢?“a number of”或“numbers of”，如：“a large number of cars”。

　　语法要点：“an amount of”或“amounts of”用在不可数名词前面，而“a number of”或“numbers of”用在可数名词前面。其区别基本相当于“many”和“much”的区别。

　　Q2、“between”后面能接两个以上的事物或人物吗?

　　“between”和“among”有什么区别也是大家常问的一个问题。有这样的说法：“between”表示“两者之间”，后面应该接两个事物或人物;“among”表示“多者之间”，后面接三个及其以上的事物或人物。事实上，在地道的英文文献中，“between”后面放n多个事物或人物也是常见到的。那么，“between”和“among”两个介词的意思区别在哪儿呢?“between”更为强调多个事物或人物中相互之间“一对一”的关系，如“the conflicts between the three kingdoms”，“among”则更有“群体感”，强调...

　　托福写作备考中的语法规范

　　1. 不完整的句子

　　(1) If you find that writing is hard is because it is hard. One of the hardest things that people do.

　　If you find that writing is hard is because it is hard—one of the hardest things that people do.

　　(2) Stereotypes are a kind of gossip about the world. A gossip that makes us prejudge people before we ever lay eyes on them.

　　Stereotypes are a kind of gossip about the world, a gossip that makes us prejudge people before we ever lay eyes on them.

　　Stereotypes are a kind of gossip about the world that makes us prejudge people before we ever lay eyes on them.

　　2. 分词短语作状语的错误

　　Holding her in his arms, the moon hid behind the cloud.

　　As soon as the moon hid behind the cloud, he held her in his arms.

　　3. 修饰词错位

　　(1) Romeo received word that Juliet was dead from another messenger.

　　Romeo received word from another messenger that Juliet was dead.

　　(2) After leaving the stage, the audience’s applause called the musicians back for an encore.

　　After the musicians left the stage, the audience’s applause called them back for an encore.

　　(3) Disruptive in the classroom, a teacher may become exasperated with hyperactive children.

　　Disruptive in the classroom, hyperactive children may exasperate a teacher.

　　4. 串句

　　Unproductive or uncooperative workers can seriously harm an organization, for th...