大家做好准备迎接考试了吗?出国留学网托福栏目诚意整理“2017年托福阅读长难句辅导：因果关系类”，欢迎广大考生前来学习。
今天我们来看一下最喜闻乐见的长难句—— 因果关系类：
1. Escape involves such actions as aestivation, a condition of prolonged dormancy, or torpor, during which animals reduce their metabolic rate and body temperature during the hot season or during very dry spells.
○ One way animals escape is by entering a state of extended dormancy, known as aestivation, during the hottest and driest times of year.
○ Animals can escape without using direct action, or aestivation, simply by reducing their metabolic rate and body temperature.
○ The actions that an animal uses to escape are known as aestivation, which sometimes involves a reduction in metabolic rate or body temperature.
○ When the weather is especially hot and dry, an animal may suffer from a condition known as aestivation, at which point the animal needs to escape.
原句中，escape involves aestivation, 后面解释aestivation=dormancy(torpor) = reduce metabolic rate & body temperature; 最后加一个时间点during...
看四个选项，1st选项中one way对应原句的involve, 后面说明escape包含dormancy或aestivation，省略了定语从句which修饰dormancy，但整体跟原句相符;2nd选项without…不对;3rd选项中 escape=actions=aestivation把escape的范围缩小了; 4th选项中 suffer from不对，不是遭受，而是主动选择;此外，也未解释escape。
碰到这种同位语或插入语很多的情况，一定要以读懂为主，不要纠结生词!
2. Learning appropriate social behaviors is especially important and species that live in groups, like young monkeys that needed to learn to control selfishness a...