Presentations and Public Speaking in English

A presentation is a formal talk to one or more people that "presents" ideas or information in a clear, structured way. People are sometimes afraid of speaking in public, but if you follow a few simple rules, giving a presentation is actually very easy. This tutorial guides you through each stage of giving a presentation in English, from the initial preparation to the conclusion and questions and answers. This tutorial is itself set out like a mini-presentation.

Preparation
Can you name the 3 most important things when giving any presentation?

Number 1 is . . . Preparation

Number 2 is . . . Preparation!

Number 3 is . . . Preparation!!

Preparation is everything!

With good preparation and planning you will be totally confident and less nervous. And your audience will feel your confidence. Your audience, too, will be confident. they will be confident in you. And this will give you control. Control of your audience and of your presentation. With control, you will be 'in charge' and your audience will listen positively to your message.

Objective
Before you start to prepare a presentation, you should ask yourself: "Why am I making this presentation?" Do you need to inform, to persuade, to train or to sell? Your objective should be clear in your mind. If it is not clear in your mind, it cannot possibly ...

Mrs. Anderson， please allow me to introduce Mr. Smith， our manager. Anderson太太，请允许我介绍一下我们的经理Smith先生。

introduce sb. to sb. I want to introduce Alice to you. 我想把alice介绍给你introduce sth. 引进某物We would introduce the advanced techonology from aboard. 我们应该引进国外的先进技术Introduction Mr. Anderson， please allow me to introduce Mr. White. Anderson先生，请允许我介绍white先生给你。常用在正式的场合。

The pleasure is mine， Mr. Smith. 我很荣幸，Smith太太。

Nice to talk to you. Nice to meet you. The pleasure is mine. Let me introduce myself. I am Susan McDonald. 让我自我介绍一下。我叫Susan McDonald颠覆传统英语学习 引领国人英语学习风潮众所周知，对于语言学习而言，语言环境至关重要。英语学习亦是如此。试想，如果每天你耳边充满了英语交流，自然，会让你耳濡目染，慢慢地，自己的英语势必有大幅提高。

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Chapter II Developing the Speech Text<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />

I. Announcing the Beginning of the Speech Text

To begin with, I would like to talk about a principle.

I think it would be best to start out by looking at some pictures.

The first thing I would like to talk about is the definition of the terms which I’11 use in my presentation.

II. Shifting to the Next Main Point

Well, let's move on to the next point.

We will now come to the second problem.

Turning to the next question, I' 11 talk about the stages of the procedure.

As the second topic, I shall stop here. Now let' s turn our attention to the third topic.

So much for the methodology of our experiment. I would now like to shift to the discussion of the results.

Now, let's move away from the first part and switch over to the next part of my presentation.

That's all for the introduction and now we can go on to the literature review.

Next, I would like to turn to a more difficult problem.

The next point I'd like to talk about is the feasibility of this project.

That brings me to my second point.

I am glad that we can now leave this rather boring subject of mathematic deduction and go into ...

Chapter III Ending the Speech Text<?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = "urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" />

I. Signaling the Beginning of the End Part

Let’s look at what I have talked about.

Well, that brings me to the end of my presentation. This last slide is a brief summary of what I have talked about.

Before I stop/finish, let me just say...

To close my speech, I' 11 show you the last slide.

Now I'd like to summarize my talk.

To summarize, I have talked about three aspects of the cancer problem: ...

Finally, as a summary statement, I would like to sum up the major points I have made.

II. Summarizing

Let me just run over the key points again.

I'll briefly summarize the main issues.

In conclusion,…

In closing,…

In a word,…

To sum up ...

In brief,…

Briefly.......

All in all,…

Finally,…

III. Concluding

As you can see, there are some very good reasons ...

To sum up, my conclusion is that the present program is the best one.

In conclusion ...

Let me conclude my talk with the following comments.

Allow me to conclude by listing out all the factors influencing the effi...

　　游泳教程【划水和呼吸技术】

　　划水和呼吸技术包括划水技术、两臂配合和划水与呼吸配合等。

　　(一) 划水技术

　　划水技术包括水下划水和空中移臂等。

　　1.水下划水

　　水下划水的动作方法(见下图)是:

　　(1)手入水的位置在身体中线与肩的延长线之间，以大拇指引领斜插入水，掌心向外; 出国留学网

　　(2)入水后手臂向前下伸展，展开腋窝，使手掌和前臂向后对准水，手臂像抱住一只圆捅一样袍住水，这个阶段称为向下划水和抱水;

　　(3)抱水后，肘关节越来越弯曲，手臂向内、向后、向上沿一个虚拟的对角线方向划水，直到前臂与身体成直角，且上臂与前臂也成直角，这个阶段称为向内划水;

　　(4)向内划水结束后，手臂改变划水方向，向上、向外、向后沿虚拟对角线划水，这个阶段称为向上划水;

　　(5)在手接近大腿时，随着身体的转动，肩已经提出水面随后手掌向内旋转，掌心朝大腿，手像从裤袋里掏出那样以小拇指引领轻松出水;

　　(6)划水过程中手掌并非始终向后，而是随着划水方向的变化而变化着，手入水后向下划水，抱水时通过屈肘、屈腕动作使掌心向后下方;

　　(7)向内划水时掌心向内上方，向上划水时掌心向后上方;

　　(8)由于身体围绕纵轴转动，手臂划水的轨迹也非直接向后，而是在三维平面内呈曲线结构;

　　(9)划水速度在各个阶段也不尽相同，要逐渐加快，世界优秀运动员向下划水的速度约为2米/秒，向内划水的速度约为3---4米/秒，而向上划水的速度可达到5---6米/秒。

　　2.空中移臂

　　空中移臂的动作方法是:

　　(1)出水后身体在转动作用下接近侧卧位，空中移臂可以轻松、自然地完成，直到手再次入水;

　　(2)空中移臂最佳状态是高肘屈臂，可以想象肘关节上系了一根绳子，绳子向上拉，肘关节被提起。

　　从侧面看，自由泳的划水动作似乎像船桨一样，只是在一个平面内向后划动。其实不然，手臂在向后划的同时，还经历了向外、向下、向内和向上的三维运动，手的划水路线类似"s”形状。

　　(二) 两臂配合

　　根据两手的位置关系，两臂配合有三种基本形式，即前交叉、中交叉和后交叉。前交叉阴力小，容易掌握，但推进力不均匀;后交叉阴力大，破坏身体平衡，不提倡;中交叉介于二者之间。

　　(三) 划水与呼吸配合

　　划水与呼吸配合的动作方法是:

　　(2)以向右侧转头吸气为例，右手入水后吐气，右手一边划水，身体一边向右侧转动，手臂向上划水接近出水时，身体转动幅度最大，头随身体转动;

　　(2)此时嘴自然露出水面吸气，随着空中移臂，身体和头向左转动，头回到水中。

　　游泳教程【自由泳的泳姿和打腿练习】

　　（一

II. Introducing the Subject and the outline of the Presentation引入话题
Background Information
I would like to start by briefly reviewing the history of open heart surgery.

Let us start with the theoretical basis of this new technique.

To begin with, we have to consider the principle.

I think it would be best to start out by looking at a few slides.

I should like to preface my remarks with a description of the basic idea.

May I begin with a general outline of this project?

The first thing I would like to talk about is the definition of the terms I shall use in my lecture.

The first point I'd like to make is the historical background of the invention.

First, I shall explain to you why this new program is correct and feasible.

Topic
I would like to concentrate on theproblem Of antibiotic abuse in hospitals.

I shall devote my talk to the surgical treatment of coronary disease.

I want to confine my talk to the latest developments in civil engineering.

Today, I am going to give a talk on the application of computers in medicine.

My topic today will deal with the observation of supernova.

In today's talk, I' 11 restrict myself to the etiology of 15-epa~i;s.

In my presentation this morning, I' 11 limit myself to three major points only.

I take the liberty of restricting my discussion mainly to...