高考英语知识点解析Unit3-4:单词聚焦

2013-06-03 15:17:27 高考英语必背知识点

  2013年高考已经开始倒计时,俗话说:“临阵磨刀,不快也光”,各位考生在此关键时刻千万不要放松,要继续武装自己。为此,出国留学网高考频道为2013考生特别推荐了一些高考试题和高考作文,大家可以用之作为额外的学习资源。预祝大家考出一个理想的成绩。

☆单词聚焦☆

1. advance的用法

▲构词:advanced adj. 高等的.先进的,高深的

▲搭配:

① in advance 在前头,预先,事先

② in advance of 在……前面;比……进步;超过

③ on the advance (物价)在上涨

【考例】It is said that Miss White had some difficulty in studying the ____ maths.

A. improved B. developed C. advanced D. increased

[考查目标] 本题考查形容词advanced与近义词的区别。

[答案与解析]C “高等数学”的英译是advanced maths,advanced意思是“先进的。高级的”。

2. before 的特殊用法

(1) He had run out of the room before I could stop him.我还没来得及拦住他,他就跑出了屋子。

(2) Three weeks went by before We knew it. 三周过去了,我们才意识到。(或:时间不知不觉已过三周了。)

(3) It wasn't / didn't take long before he returned.他没过多久就回来了。

It won't be long before we graduate. 不要过多久我们就要毕业了。

3. chance的用法

▲搭配:

① by any chance 万一,碰巧,或许

② by chance 偶然,意外地

③ take a / one's chance 冒一冒险,碰碰运气,利用一下机会

【考例6】 (2005南京模拟)Most of the ___are in seasonal work, mainly connected with tourism and agriculture.

A. work B. luck C. chances D. services

[考查目标] chance的词义。

[答案与解析] C chance在本句的词义是“机会”。

4. consider v.

(1) 考虑

A) consider + n. / doing

I consider going abroad.

B) consider + 疑问词 + to do

You have to consider what to do next.

(2) 认为

A) consider + n. (+as / to be) + n. / adj.

I consider Mary as / to be my best friend.

They considered Paris the brain and heart of the country.

B) consider + n. + to have done

I consider him to have acted disgracefully.

除了consider…as…表认为外,还有regard…as

…,look on…as…,take…as…,think of…as…

5. cost的用法

▲ 构词:costly adj. 昂贵的,贵重的

▲ 搭配:

① cost sb. sth. 花费某人(多少钱);让某人付出(代价)/牺牲……

② at all costs 不惜任何代价.无论如何

③ at any cost 不惜任何代价,无论如何

④ at cost (price) 按成本价格,按原价

⑤ at the cost of 以……为代价,用……换来的;丧失;牺牲

【考例】They wondered how much this kind of car would ____ them.

A. pay B. spend C. cost D. waste

[考查目标] 本题考查cost和它的几个近义词的区别。

[答案与解析] C cost的意思是“耗费”,主语是指物的

名词.而pay和spend等的主语是指人的名词。

6. effect n. 效果;作用

have an effect on sth.

His words had a great pushing effect on his students.

(1) be of no effect 无效

(2) come into effect 开始生效;开始实行

[比较] affect vt. 影响 The climate affected the amount of the rainfall.

7. experience的用法

▲构词: experienced adj. 有经验的,熟练的

▲搭配:

① by experience 凭经验;从经验中

② from experience 凭经验;从经验中

③ gain experience in… 获得……经验

④ be experienced in… 某方面有经验

▲友情提示: experience这个词作为可数名词用时,解释为“经历”,作为不可数名词用时解释为“经验”。

【考例】 (2005山西模拟) ____teaches that he was right. Good friendship is just not easily formed.

A. Knowledge B. Teachers C. Experience D. Parents

[考查目标] experience的意思。

[答案与解析] C experience常为不可数名词,意思是“经验”。

8. fear n. & vt.

(1) n. 恐惧 (多作不可数名词)

His face was growing pale with fear.

忧虑;担心的事(可数)

There is no reason for your fears.

for fear of 由于怕……,以防

He left an hour earlier for fear of missing his train.

for fear (that) 惟恐;怕的是;以防

She worried for fear that the child would be hurt.

in fear of 害怕;担心

The thief was in fear of the police.

(2) v. 恐惧;害怕,接 n. / pron.

Cats fear big dogs.

恐惧;害怕,接to do

Don't fear to tell the truth.

恐怕;担心,接从句

She feared that she might not find him in his room.

▲构词:fearful adj. 可怕的,严重的;惧怕的,胆怯的;担心的,忧虑的 fearless adj. 不怕的,大胆的,勇敢的,无畏的

▲搭配:

① be in fear (of) (为……而)提心吊胆

② for fear of 因为怕;以免,怕的是

③ for fear that-clause 生怕;为了防止(某事发生)

④ have a fear that-clause 担心/怕(发生某事)

⑤ with fear 吓得,怕得

⑥ fear (vi.) for... 担心/忧虑……

【考例】(2004江苏)He got to the station early, ____ missing his train.

A. in case of B. instead of

C. for fear of D. in search

[考查目标] fear构成的短语的用法和意思。

[答案与解析]C for fear of 常在句中作状语,意思是 “怕的是……。担心……”。

9. fun n. 高兴;乐趣;有趣的人或事

(1) for fun 为了高兴;为着好玩

I only did it for fun.

(2) make fun of 开……的玩笑;取笑

It is wrong to make fun of a cripple.

[比较]

(1) laugh at 笑(某人);嘲笑

It's unkind to laugh at a person who is in trouble.

(2) play a joke on 开(某人的)玩笑

10. means n. 手段;办法

(1) by means of 用……;依靠……

The water may be carried by means of a pipe.

(2) by all means 一定;务必;(表示同意)当然可以,没问题:务必,无论如何,千方百计地

Try by all / every means to persuade him to come.

(3) by no means 完全不是;一点也不;决不

This is by no means the first time you have been late.

还有: by this means 用这种方法; by any means 用一切可能的方法或手段

【考例】(MET 1991)Students sometimes support them- selves by ____ of evening job.

A. ways B. offers C. means D.helps

[考查目标] by means of 短语的意思。

[答案与解析] C by means of 的意思是“通过某种手段”。

11. normal adj. 正常的;正规的

the normal temperature, normal behavior

(1) regular 规则的;有规律的

keep regular hours 生活有规律;按时作息

(2) common普通的;常见的

Tom is a common name in Britain. 共有的;共同的

have a common interest 有着共同爱好

(3) usual 惯常的;惯例的

It's usual with him to go to the office on foot.

(4) ordinary 平凡的;普通的 in ordinary dress

12. once的用法

▲ 搭配:

① all at once 突然;同时

② at once 立刻,马上;同时

③ (every) once in a while 偶尔,有时,间或

④ for this once (= for once,just for once) 就这一次; 破例一回

⑤ more than once 不止一次,多次

⑥ not once 一次也不

⑦ once again / more再一次

⑧once and again一再,再三

⑨ once or twice 一两次;有时,偶尔

⑩ once too often又(多了)一次

? once upon a time从前

【考例】(2004上海) ____ we have learned something, additional learning increases the length of time we will remember it.

A. Before B. Once C. Until D. Unless

[考查目标] 连词once的用法和词义。

[答案与解析] B once在作连词使用时意思是“一旦”。

13. prefer v. 宁愿;更喜欢

(1) prefer + n. / pron.

The boy preferred a detective story.

(2) prefer + v. -ing

Do you prefer living abroad?

(3) prefer + to do

She prefers to live among the working people.

(4) prefer sb. to do sth.

She preferred him to stay at home.

(5) prefer + n. / pron. / doing + to + n. / pron. / doing 喜欢……而不喜欢 I prefer the town to the country. / While he was in the office he preferred doing something to doing nothing.

(6) prefer to do...rather than do = would rather do ... than do... 宁愿……而不愿 I prefer to walk there rather than go by bus.

(7) prefer + 从句(谓语动词用should do,should可省略) She preferred that he should do it in the kitchen.

14. protect的用法

▲ 构词:protection n. 保护(者/物),防御

▲ 搭配:protect sb from / against 防止……遭受……;使……免于,保护……使不受

【考例】 (MET 1992) Clarke was greatly admired at the club for the successful ____.

A. self-satisfaction B. self-protection

C. self-respect D. self-service

[考查目标] protect及其派生词的词义。

 

[答案与解析]B self-protection是名词,意思是“自我保护”。

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