高考英语知识点解析Unit3-4：短语归纳

　　2013年高考已经开始倒计时，俗话说：“临阵磨刀，不快也光”，各位考生在此关键时刻千万不要放松，要继续武装自己。为此，出国留学网高考频道为2013考生特别推荐了一些高考试题和高考作文，大家可以用之作为额外的学习资源。预祝大家考出一个理想的成绩。

☆短语归纳☆

1. cut down

(1) 砍倒 If you cut down all the trees you will rain the land.

(2) 减少;削减 I have decided to cut down my smoking.

2.含get的短语

① get back 回来，恢复，送回

② get off下来，动身，起飞 ③ get up 起床，站起来

④ get on 上(车)

⑤ get on / along with 与某人相处.某事的进展

⑥ get together 聚首，碰头 ⑦ get away from 逃离

⑧ get on one's feet 站起来 ⑨ get down 下来

⑩ get on well with 与……相处融洽

? get married 结婚 ? get to 到达

? get through 通过，接通

? get down to 开始着手做某事

? get across (使)通过 ? get(a)round 传开，说服

? get in 进入。收获 ? get out 出去，逃脱

[例句]How are you getting along with your business? 生意进展如何? / If you take Mary out for a drive you must promise to get her back for her music lesson. 如果你带玛丽去兜风的话，你必须答应带她回来上音乐课。/ I can't get my boots off, for they are too tight. 我脱不掉靴子，它太紧了。/ We all try to get together at least once a year at Christmas time. 在圣诞期间我们尽量一年至少聚会一次。/ When one has business on hand it is hard to get away from home. 如果一个人手头有事，离开家很难。

【考例】(2004辽宁) The final examination is coming up soon. It's time for us to ____ our studies.

A. get down to B. get out C. get back for D. get over

[考查目标] 此题主要考查get短语。

[答案与解析]A get down to 意为“开始着手做某事”;get out 意为“离开，摆脱”;get back for 意为“回去拿”;get over意为“克服，渡过”。本句话意思是：期末考试就要到了，我们该开始学习了。

【考例】(NMET 1993)Readers can ____ quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word.

A. get over B. get in C. get along D. get through

[考查目标]此题主要考查get短语。

[答案与解析]C get over 意为“痊愈，克服”;get in 意为“插话”;get along 意为“进展.继续”;gel through 意为“接通。办完”。本句话意思是：读者不必准确知道每个词的意思就能继续下去。

3. get away (from)

(1) 摆脱 Ways must be found to get away from poverty.

(2)走开;离开 She didn't get away until nine last night.

(3)逃走，使离开The bank robbers used a stolen car to get away.

(4)拿走 Get all thee party dishes away!

4. get close to

(1) close adj. 靠近;接近

The church is close to the shops.

亲密;密切

Are you a close friend of theirs?

(2) close adv. 靠近;接近

He was standing close to the door.

(3) close v. 关上;关闭(不开发);结束

She closed her eyes. / Her eyes closed. (闭上)

(4 ) closely adv. 紧密地;仔细地;密切地

He got closely in touch with the magazines of today.

The little baby was closely looked after by her.

[比较]

(1) close 与 closely 作副词时，close含具体之意，closely 含抽象之意。

(2) 类似的词组有 high (高) -- highly (高度地)，deep (深深地) -- deeply (深入地)，wide (很开，宽) -- widely (广 泛地)，low (低的)-- lowly (低贱的) (作形容词)

5. hand in 交上去(给老师或上级);交来(hand v.)

Each student has to hand in a composition once a week.

[比较]

(1) hand down 传下来;传给 Our father handed down these customs to us.

(2) hand on…to…传给，传递They will hand the photograph to those who have not seen it.

(3) hand out 发给大家;散发 The teacher handed out the books at the beginning of the lesson.

6. instead of 代替……

(1) instead of + n. / pron.

Give me the red one instead 0f the green one.

(2) instead of + doing

We walked down the stairs instead of taking the elevator.

(3) instead of + 介词短语

He studies in the evening instead of during the day.

[比较]

(1) instead adv. 作为替代 (……而)，代替 If Harry is not well enough to go with you, take me instead.

(2) rather than 而不是，与其……宁愿 He ran rather than walked.

(3) in place of 代替，……而不用The Chinese use chopsticks in place of knives and forks.

7. 含take的短语

① take a picture 照相，拍照

② take a taxi / bus, etc. 打的(坐公交车等)

③ take away 拿走，夺取，使离去

④ take care of 小心，照料，保管

⑤ take off 脱，去掉，取消，起飞

⑥ take out 拿出，带……出去

⑦ take one's place 就坐，坐某人的座位，代替某人的位置

⑧ take place 发生，产生

⑨ take exercise 做运动

⑩ take a seat 坐下

? take turns 轮流

? take an active part in 积极参加

? take a message 捎口信

? take on 从事，呈现

? take the place of 取代，代替

? take apart 拆开

? take down 拿下，记下

? take...for... 误认为……

? take in 吸收，接纳

? take up 拿起.从事.占据

[例句] Father was convinced that Peter was unhappy at boarding school, and made arrangements to take him away. 父亲确信彼得在寄宿学校不开心，决定把他带走。/ Will you lake care of buying the wine for tonight's party? 你负责为今晚的晚会买酒水好吗? / The boys got into the car and took off for the drug store. 男孩们进到车里，开车去了药店。/ He took my place in the queue so that I could go and get something to eat. 他替我排好了队，以便我能够回

去弄点儿吃的。

8. used to

(1) used to do sth. 过去常常……(现在已不如此)

We used to grow beautiful roses.

注意：否定句和疑问句有两种

You usedn’t to make that mistake.

She didn't use(d) to do it, did she?

You used to smoke a pipe, didn't you? / use(d) n't you?

(2) be / get / become used to + n. / doing 习惯于

I have always been used to hard work.

He got used to living in the country.

(3) be used to do 被用来做……

This knife is used to cut bread.

表示“过去常常……”时，used to与would区别：

(1) would 只强调“过去常常……”，used to 说明现在不是如此。

The old woman would sit there for hours doing nothing.

(2) would 只接行为动词，used to 可接行为动词和表状态的词。如：be, like, know, have。There used to be a temple at the foot of the mountain.

9. watch out 当心;注意

You'll be cheated if you don't watch out.

(1) watch out for = look out for 提防;当心

You must always watch out for the traffic here!

(2) watch over 照看;看守;负责

The mother bird is watching over her young.

10. 含“动词 + out”短语

① come out 出来，出版，传出

② go out 出去，熄灭，不时兴

③ look out 当心，注意

④ take out 拿出，取出，带……出去

⑤ rush out 冲出去，匆忙大量生产

⑥ try out 尝试，试验

⑦ watch out 小心

⑧ wear out 穿破，用坏，(使)疲乏，消磨

⑨ find out 找出，查出

⑩ make out 填写，完成.设法应付

? get out 出去，逃离，泄露，公布

? pick out 看出，选出

? think out 想出

? give out 发出，筋疲力尽

? set out出发，陈述

[例句]Please go out and tell the children to make less noise. 请出去告诉孩子们不要吵闹。/ These bicycles have been rushed out and not up to our usual standard. 这些自行车匆忙大量生产，没有达到我们的正常标准。/ Watch out. The train is coming. 小心，火车来了。/ Your will wear out your patience in time, my friend. 朋友，最终我们会没有耐心的。

【考例】(2005湖北) This picture was taken a long time ago. I wonder if you can ____ my father.

A. find out B. pick out

C. look out D. speak out

[考查目标]此题主要考查out构成的短语意思区别。

[答案与解析]B pick out意为“挑选，辨别出”;find out意为“找出.发现”;look out意为“留神，注意”： speak out意为“大声说出”。

[牛刀小试2]

请根据句意，选用所给短语的适当形式填空：

(get away，take up，take on，think out，get down to)

1. -- Shall we set off right now? -- Sorry. I'm too busy to ____ for the moment. (get away)

2. The final examination is coming: you really must ____ your studies. (get down)

3. The manager doesn't have much free time as his work ____ nearly all his spare time. (takes up)

4. We also shared a number of qualities which we fell were in our favor when we ____ the task. (took on)

5. He might have ___his idea about the art exhibition much better, if he had planned what he wanted to say. (thought out)

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