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短文改写填空型阅读理解实例分析
实例训练
Robert is fifteen now. Two and a half years ago he came to the city and began to study in a middle school. He studies hard and gets on well with his classmates. And he often helps his friends with their lessons. But as he comes from a village, the headmaster
who was born in a rich family is bad to him and does his best to make excuses to punish him. The boy knows it and takes precautions against(提防) it.
One afternoon all the students went to have lunch and he bought a piece of bread. He was reading a book under a big tree, while a dog was standing near him. At that moment the headmaster came out and saw it. He became angry and said, “Don‟t you know we don‟t let anybody rear (饲养) dogs in the school?”
“Yes, I do, sir. ”said the boy.
“Why have you brought your dog to school, then?” “It isn‟t my dog. ”
“Why is it following you, then?”
“You‟re following me now, sir. ” said the boy, “Can you say you are mine?” 请根据以上短文在改写后短文的空白处填入适当的词，使其完整。
Robert is fifteen. He is in Grade _______(1) now. He studies hard and his classmates are _______(2) to him. And he often helps his friends to _______(3) their lessons. But as he was _______(4) in a farmer family, the headmaster from a _______(5) family is bad to him and does_______(6) he can to punish him.
One day in the _______(7), all the students went _______(8) lunch and he bought a piece of bread, reading a book under a tree. At the moment a dog was standing near him. _______(9) the headmaster saw this, he wanted to_______(10) him. But he failed that day again.
二、答题分析
第一步：快读全文，掌握大意。通读原文我们知道。文章讲叙了Robert 和校长的一些情况，Robert 是一个初中学生，他出生于贫困之家，但学习努力与同学相处融洽。校长出生于富贵家庭对Robert很不友好，总是想尽办法惩罚他, Robert时刻小心提防他。一天下午校长又想趁机惩罚他，但未能得逞。
第二步：细读改写，寻找异同。如原文中说Two and half years ago he came to the city and began to study in a middle school. 而改写中却是He is in Grade_______(1) now. 由原文中的Two and half years ago 可知第(1)空要填Three. 原文中说He studies hard and gets on well with his classmates, 而改写中却是He studies hard and his classmates are _______(2) to him. 由于“他与同学相处融洽”那么“他的同学一定是对他很友好了”。因此第二空填kind或friendly。第3空是一个典型的同义句改写，即help sb. with sth. 与help sb. to do sth. 的转换。
第三步：字斟句酌，各个击破。比如第4, 5, 7空与原文几乎没多大差别可先填好(4) born, (5) rich, (7) afternoon。对于与原文有较大差异的空，则需要字斟句酌，细仔推敲了。我们要在对比改写文中的句子与原文句子差别的前提下，推测改写文中的句子所要表达的意思，然后根据我们所学的知识推出所要填写的单词。如：
原文中的and does his best to make excuses to punish him 正是改写文中and does _______(6) he can to punish him 要表达的意思。这里does后面是一个宾语从句，而从句缺少引导词，因此填入what正合适。这一空较难因为can后面省去了动词原形do。这句话意为“并且做他所能做的事情来惩罚他”。
而原文中的…all the students went to have lunch 与改写文中的all the students went _______(8) lunch. went to have lunch 与went for lunch 同义。故第8空填for。
改写中的_______(9) the headmaster saw this, he wanted to _______(10) him. But he failed that day again. 是对原文第二段后面部分的概括，通过比较我们知道改写中要表达的意思是“当校长看见那种情况时，他想惩罚他，但那一天他又失败了”。因此第9空填，when第10空填punish。
第四步：复读改写，纠正失误。如：第1空应大写首字母，很多考生可能会忽略这一点。
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