Unit1 人在职场
Text 1正文
There are a great many careers in which the increasing emphasis is on specialization. You find these careers in engineering, in production, in statistical work, and in teaching. But there is an increasing demand for people who are able to take in great area at a glance, people who perhaps do not know too much about any one field. There is, in other words, a demand for people who are capable of seeing the forest rather than the trees, of making general judgments. We can call these people “generalists.” And these “generalists” are particularly needed for positions in administration, where it is their job to see that other people do the work, where they have to plan for other people, to organize other people’s work, to begin it and judge it.
The specialist understands one field; his concern is with technique and tools. He is a “trained” man; and his educational background is properly technical or professional. The generalist -- and especially the administrator -- deals with people; his concern is with leadership, with planning, and with direction giving. He is an “educated” man; and the humanities are his strongest foundation. Very rarely is a specialist capable of being an administrator. And very rarely is a good generalist also a good specialist in particular field. Any organization needs both kinds of people, though different organizations need them in different proportions. It is your task to find out, during your training period, into which of the two kinds of jobs you fit, and to plan your career accordingly.
Your first job may turn out to be the right job for you -- but this is pure accident. Certainly you should not change jobs constantly or people will become suspicious of your ability to hold any job. At the same time you must not look upon the first job as the final job; it is primarily a training job, an opportunity to understand yourself and your fitness for being an employee.
Text 1习题
1. There is an increasing demand for ________.
[A] all round people in their own fields
[B] people whose job is to organize other people’s work
[C] generalists whose educational background is either technical or professional
[D] specialists whose chief concern is to provide administrative guidance to others
2. The specialist is ________.
[A] a man whose job is to train other people
[B] a man who has been trained in more than one fields
[C] a man who can see the forest rather than the trees
[D] a man whose concern is mainly with technical or professional matters
3. The administrator is ________.
[A] a “trained” man who is more a specialist than a generalist
[B] a man who sees the trees as well as the forest
[C] a man who is very strong in the humanities
[D] a man who is an “educated” specialist
4. During your training period, it is important ________.
[A] to try to be a generalist
[B] to choose a profitable job
[C] to find an organization which fits you
[D] to decide whether you are fit to be a specialist or a generalist
5. A man’s first job ________.
[A] is never the right job for him
[B] should not be regarded as his final job
[C] should not be changed or people will become suspicious of his ability to hold any job
[D] is primarily an opportunity to fit himself for his final job
Text 1全文翻译
大量职业在日益强调专业性。这类职业常见于工程、生产、统计、教学领域。但对那些一眼就能注意到很大区域、但可能对任一领域都知之不多的人的需求也在增加。换言之，社会需要那些能够看到森林而非树木、能够做出总体判断的人。我们可以称这些人为“通才”。管理职位尤其需要这样的“通才”，在管理职位上“通才”的职责是：确保他人完成工作，必须为他人制定计划，组织他人的工作，发起工作且对工作做出评判。
专家精通某一领域;他关注的是技术和工具。他是“受过良好训练”者;他有良好的技术或专业教育背景。通才，尤其是管理者，与人打交道;他关注的是领导、规划及方向设定。他是“受过良好教育”者;人文学科是其最坚强的基石。鲜有专家能够胜任管理者。同样，优秀的通才很少同时也是某一特定领域的优秀专家。任何组织都同时需要这两种人，虽然组织不同，需求的比例亦不同。你的任务是在训练期间从两种工作中发现适合自己的那一种，并对自己的职业作出相应的规划。
你的第一份工作可能恰好是适合你的工作——但这纯属巧合。当然，你不应频繁更换工作，否则人们将怀疑你是否有能力保住一份工作。同时，你也一定不要把第一份工作看做最后一份工作;它主要是一份培训工作，一个认识自己和自己工作专长的机会。
重点句子
Text 1 重点句
But there is an increasing demand for people who are able to take in great area at a glance, people who perhaps do not know too much about any one field. There is, in other words, a demand for people who are capable of seeing the forest rather than the trees, of making general judgments.
该句意义：
该句在讲解这个这社会需要什么样的人才，这种人才可以做怎样的工作。该句子的内容，完全可以运用于相关的写作之中，即在你的作文里，指出这个社会对于人才的要求。
该句语法：
(1)分词词做定语：an increasing demand
(2)定语从句：people who are able to take in great area at a glance
(3)同位语：people who perhaps do not know too much about any one field
(4)分隔结构：,in other words,
(5)省略结构： who are capable of seeing the forest rather than the trees, of making general judgments.
Text 1习题答案
答案:BDCDB
1. There is an increasing demand for ________.
1.(社会)对_____的需求在增加。
[A] all round people in their own fields
[A]自己所在领域内的多面手
[B] people whose job is to organize other people’s work
[B] 组织他人工作的人员
[C] generalists whose educational background is either technical or professional
[C] 具有技术或专业教育背景的通才
[D] specialists whose chief concern is to provide administrative guidance to others
[D] 主要为他人提供管理指导的专家
2. The specialist is ________.
2. 专家是______。
[A] a man whose job is to train other people
[A] 对他人进行培训者
[B] a man who has been trained in more than one fields
[B] 在不只一个领域受过培训者
[C] a man who can see the forest rather than the trees
[C] 能见森林而非树木者
[D] a man whose concern is mainly with technical or professional matters
[D] 关注对象主要为技术或专业问题者
3. The administrator is ________.
3. 管理者是_____
[A] a “trained” man who is more a specialist than a generalist
[A] 更倾向于是受过良好培训的专家而非通才
[B] a man who sees the trees as well as the forest
[B] 既能看到树木又能看到森林的人
[C] a man who is very strong in the humanities
[C] 非常擅长人文学科者
[D] a man who is an “educated” specialist
[D] 受过良好教育的专家
4. During your training period, it is important________.
4. 在你的培训期间，____非常重要。
[A] to try to be a generalist
[A] 努力成为通才
[B] to choose a profitable job
[B] 选择高收益的工作
[C] to find an organization which fits you
[C] 选择适合你的机构
[D] to decide whether you are fit to be a specialist or a generalist
[D] 决定你是适合做专家还是通才
5. A man’s first job ________.
5. 一个人的第一份工作_____。
[A] is never the right job for him
[A] 永远不会是适合他的工作
[B] should not be regarded as his final job
[B] 不应该被看做他的最后一份工作
[C] should not be changed or people will become suspicious of his ability to hold any job
[C] 不应更换，否则人们会对他保住工作的能力产生怀疑
[D] is primarily an opportunity to fit himself for his final job
[D] 从根本上讲是使其适合最终工作的一次机会
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