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书面表达是对学生在初中阶段英语学习的综合考查,涉及篇章结构、句子构成、短语使用和单词拼写等多方面内容,以下就中考书面表达的写作方法和注意事项进行指导:
一、认真审题,确定时态人称,同时关注题材格式
时态:故事性文章一般用过去时,其中表达感受时可用现在时。
说明性或议论性文章一般用现在时,举例时可用过去时。
根据题目要求也会出现时态的交错使用,如过去和现在的对比等。
如果句中出现了时间状语,时态则要遵循时间状语。
如ago,last…——过去时
next,in…——将来时等
人称:注意在句子中人称的统一。
例如:Thanks to the teachers, we have improved our English.
其中we和our就是人称的统一。
格式:注意书信格式的开头和结尾。
二、找全信息点,紧扣主题,突出重点
切忌只看表格中或所列1、2、3中的信息点。一定把题读全,找齐信息点,建议用铅笔标出,写完后再涂掉。 根据题目,可适当增加合理内容。 特别注意文章要有开头和结尾。 三、成文时表述正确,文字流畅 首先考虑句子结构(如主谓宾,主系表等)。 同时注意短语的正确使用和单词的拼写,最好使用课本上学过的短语和句式。 四、文章结构清晰,重点句型出彩,可使文章在得分上提高一个档次 考虑文章的篇章结构,使用适当的连接短语,使文章结构紧凑。 切忌与汉语提示的一一对应,使用所学表达方法将语义表达出来即可。
常用连接词:
1.表文章结构顺序:First of all,Firstly/First,Secondly/Second… And then,Finally,In the end,At last
2.表并列补充关系的:What is more,Besides,Moreover,Furthermore,Inaddition 3.表转折对比关系的:However,On the contrary,but Although+clause( 从句),In spite of+n/doing On the one hand… On the other hand… Some…,while others… 4.表因果关系的:Because,As So,Thus,Therefore,As a result
5.表换一种方式表达:In other words
6.表进行举例说明:For example,句子;For instance,句子;such as+n/doing
7.表陈述事实:In fact
8.表达自己观点:As far as I know,In my opinion
9.表总结:In short,In a word,In conclusion,In summary
文中正确使用两三个好的句型,如:宾语从句、状语从句、动名词做主语等。
宾语从句举例:I believe Tianjin will be more beautiful and prosperous.
状语从句举例:If everyone does something for the environment, our hometown will become clean and beautiful.
动名词做主语举例:Reading books in the sun is bad for our eyes.
It’s bad for our eyes to read books in the sun.
常用状语从句句型:
1)时间when,not…until,as soon as
2)目的so that+clause;to do( 为了)
3)结果so…that+clause,too…to do(太……以至于……)
4)条件if,unless(除非),as long as(只要)
5)让步though,although,even though,even if
no matter what/when/where/who/which/how
6)比较as…as…,not so…as…,than
五、认真检查,检查信息点是否全面,时态、人称是否一致,句子结构是否清晰,短语使用、单词拼写是
否准确等。
检查后,将草稿誊写在纸上,请注意按结构分段,书写清晰。
下面列举一些在检查中可发现的错误:
1.We live more and more comfortable.
改正:comfortably(副词修饰动词)
2.we can get many informations by reading newspapers.
改正:much information
(不可数名词由much修饰)
3.There has many programs in TV.
改正:There are many programs on TV.
(There be句型和介词短语)
4.I think ride a bike can keep our health.
改正:I think riding a bike can keep us healthy.(动名词作主语)
建议大家练习或模仿不同题材的文章,特别注意改错总结和吸取范文中好的结构与表达方法,适当运用于自己的文章中。
段首句
1. 关于„„人们有不同的观点。一些人认为„„
There are different opinions among people as to ____ .Some people suggest that ____.
2. 俗话说(常言道)„„,它是我们前辈的经历,但是,即使在今天,它在许多场合仍然适用。
There is an old saying______. It"s the experience of our forefathers,however,it is correct in many cases even today.
3. 现在,„„,它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先,„„;其次,„„。更为糟糕的是„„。 Today, ____, which have brought a lot of harm s in our daily life. First, ____ Second,____. What makes things worse is that______.
4. 现在,„„很普遍,许多人喜欢„„,因为„„,另外(而且)„„。
Nowadays,it is common to ______. Many people like ______ because ______. Besides,______.
5. 任何事物都是有两面性,„„也不例外。它既有有利的一面,也有不利的一面。
Everything has two sides and ______ is not an exception,it has both advantages and disadvantages.
6. 关于„„人们的观点各不相同,一些人认为(说)„„,在他们看来,„„
People’s opinions about ______ vary from person to person. Some people say that ______.To them,_____.
7. 人类正面临着一个严重的问题„„,这个问题变得越来越严重。
Man is now facing a big problem ______ which is becoming more and more serious.
8. „„已成为人的关注的热门话题,特别是在年青人当中,将引发激烈的辩论。
______ has become a hot topic among people,especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.
9. „„在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用,它给我们带来了许多好处,但同时也引发一些严重的问题。 ______ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life. It has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.
10. 根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出„„。很显然„„,但是为什么呢? According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph,it can be seen that______ while. Obviously,______,but why?
中间段落句
1. 相反,有一些人赞成„„,他们相信„„,而且,他们认为„„。
On the contrary,there are some people in favor of ___.At the same time,they say____.
2. 但是,我认为这不是解决„„的好方法,比如„„。最糟糕的是„„。
But I don"t think it is a very good way to solve ____.For example,____.Worst of all,___.
3. „„对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的,(也是)非常重要的。首先,„„。而且„„,最重要的是„„ ______is necessary and important to our country"s development and construction. First,______.What"s more, _____.Most important of all,______.
4. 有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先,我们可以„„。
There are several measures for us to adopt. First, we can______
5. 面临„„,我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来„„。一方面„„,另一方面,
Confronted with______,we should take a series of effective measures to______. For one thing,______For another,______
6. 早就应该拿出行动了。比如说„„,另外„„。所有这些方法肯定会„„。
It is high time that something was done about it. For example. _____.In addition. _____.All these measures will certainly______.
7. 为什么„„?第一个原因是„„;第二个原因是„„;第三个原因是„„。总的来说,„„的主要原因是由于„„
Why______? The first reason is that ______.The second reason is ______.The third is ______.For all this, the main cause of ______due to ______.
8. 然而,正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样,„„也有它的不利的一面,象„„。
However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ______also has its own disadvantages, such as ______.
9. 尽管如此,我相信„„更有利。
Nonetheless, I believe that ______is more advantageous.
10. 完全同意„„这种观点(陈述),主要理由如下:
I fully agree with the statement that ______ because______.
结尾句
1. 至于我,在某种程度上我同意后面的观点,我认为„„
As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. I think that ____.
2. 总而言之,整个社会应该密切关注„„这个问题。只有这样,我们才能在将来„„。
In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ______.Only in this way can ______in the future.
3. 但是,„„和„„都有它们各自的优势(好处)。例如,„„,而„„。然而,把这两者相比较,我更倾向于(喜欢)„„
But ______and ______have their own advantages. For example, _____, while_____. Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to______.
4. 就我个人而言,我相信„„,因此,我坚信美好的未来正等着我们。因为„„
Personally, I believe that_____. Consequently, I’m confident that a bright future is awaiting us because______.
5. 随着社会的发展,„„。因此,迫切需要„„。如果每个人都愿为社会贡献自已的一份力量,这个社会将要变得越来越好。
With the development of society, ______.So it"s urgent and necessary to ____.If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better.
6. 至于我(对我来说,就我而言),我认为„„更合理。只有这样,我们才能„„
For my part, I think it reasonable to_____. Only in this way can you _____.
7. 对我来说,我认为有必要„„。原因如下:第一,„„; 第二,„„;最后„„但同样重要的是„„
In my opinion, I think it necessary to____. The reasons are as follows. First _____.Second ______. Last but not least,______.
8. 在总体上很难说„„是好还是坏,因为它在很大程度上取决于„„的形势。然而,就我个人而言,我发现„„。 It is difficult to say whether _____is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation of______. However, from a personal point of view find______.
9. 综上所述,我们可以清楚地得出结论„„
From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that____.
10. 如果我们不采取有效的方法,就可能控制不了这种趋势,就会出现一些意想不到的不良后果,所以,我们应该做的是„„
If we can not take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is_____.
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