2014考研英语全真模拟押题及答案解析（二）

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　　全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)全真冲刺试卷Ⅱ

　　Simulated National Entrance Test of English for MA/MS Candidates

　　考生注意事项

　　1. 考生必须严格遵守各项考场规则。

　　2. 答题前，考生应按准考证上的有关内容填写答题卡上的“考生姓名”、“报考单位”、“考生编号”等信息。

　　3. 答案必须按要求填涂或写在指定的答题卡上。

　　(1) 英语知识运用、阅读理解A节、B节的答案填涂在答题卡1上。填涂部分应该按照答题卡上的要求用2B铅笔完成。如要改动，必须用橡皮擦干净。

　　(2) 阅读理解部分C节的答案和作文必须用(蓝)黑色字迹钢笔、圆珠笔或签字笔在答题卡2上作答。字迹要清楚。

　　4. 考试结束，将答题卡1、答题卡2及试题一并装入试题袋中交回。

　　考试时间

　　满分180分钟100分得分

　　Section ⅠUse of English

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)

　　It is generally recognized in the world that the second Gulf War in Iraq is a crucial test of high-speed web. For decades, Americans have anxiously 1 each war through a new communication 2, from the early silent film of World War I to the 24-hour cable news 3 of the first Persian Gulf War.

　　Now, 4 bombs exploding in Baghdad, a sudden increase in wartime 5 for online news has become a central test of the 6 of high-speed Internet connections. It is also a good 7 both to attract users to online media 8 and to persuade them to pay for the material they find there, 9 the value of the Cable News Network persuaded millions to 10 to cable during the last war in Iraq.

　　11 by a steady rise over the last 18 months in the number of people with high-speed Internet 12, now at more than 70 million in the United States, the web sites of many of the major news organizations have 13 assembled a novel collage (拼贴) of 14 video, audio reports, photography collections, animated weaponry 15, interactive maps and other new digital reportage.

　　These Internet services are 16 on the remarkable abundance of sounds and images 17 from video cameras 18 on Baghdad and journalists traveling with troops. And they have found a 19 audience of American office workers 20 their computers during the early combat. (245 words)

　　1. [A] notified [B] publicized [C] followed[D] pursued

　　2. [A] means[B] medium[C] method [D]measure

　　3. [A] coverage[B] publication [C] convention [D] conveyance

　　4. [A] during[B] in [C] as [D] with

　　5. [A] report [B] demand[C] concern[D] prospect

　　6. [A] ability [B] chance [C] potential [D] power

　　7. [A] opportunity [B] perspective [C] message [D] response

　　8. [A] outlets [B] resources[C] circumstances[D] positions

　　9. [A] for all that[B] now that [C] just as[D] as if

　　10. [A] subject[B] contribute[C] apply [D] subscribe

　　11. [A] Discouraged [B] Inspired [C] Impressed[D] Effected

　　12. [A] approach [B] usage[C] application[D] access

　　13. [A] radically [B] plausibly [C] orderly[D] hastily

　　14. [A] living[B] alive[C] live [D] lively

　　15. [A] destruction [B] displays [C] installation [D] contest

　　16. [A] capitalizing [B] embarking[C] broadcasting[D] operating

　　17. [A] accessible [B] desirable [C] feasible[D] available

　　18. [A] focused[B] rested [C] reckoned [D] depended

　　19. [A] continuous [B] perpetual[C] captive [D] temporary

　　20. [A] with [B] at [C] beside[D] near

　　Section ⅡReading Comprehension

　　Part A

　　Directions:

　　Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)

　　Text1

　　Of all the areas of learning the most important is the development of attitudes: emotional reactions as well as logical thought processes affect the behavior of most people. “The burnt child fears the fire” is one instance; another is the rise of despots like Hitler. Both these examples also point up the fact that attitudes come from experience. In the one case the experience was direct and impressive; in the other it was indirect and cumulative. The Nazis were influenced largely by the speeches they heard and the books they read.

　　The classroom teacher in the elementary school is in a strategic position to influence attitudes. This is true partly because children acquire attitudes from those adults whose words are highly regarded by them.

　　Another reason it is true is that pupils often devote their time to a subject in school that has only been touched upon at home or has possibly never occurred to them before. To a child who had previously acquired little knowledge of Mexico his teachers method of handling such a unit would greatly affect his attitude toward Mexicans.

　　The media through which the teacher can develop wholesome attitudes are innumerable. Social studies (with special reference to races, creeds and nationalities), science matters of health and safety, the very atmosphere of the classroom... these are a few of the fertile fields for the inculcation of proper emotional reactions.

　　However, when children go to school with undesirable attitudes, it is unwise for the teacher to attempt to change their feelings by cajoling or scolding them. She can achieve the proper effect by helping them obtain constructive experiences.

　　To illustrate, first-grade pupils afraid of policemen will probably alter their attitudes after a classroom chat with the neighborhood officer in which he explains how he protects them. In the same way, a class of older children can develop attitudes through discussion, research, outside reading and all-day trips.

　　Finally, a teacher must constantly evaluate her own attitudes, because her influence can be negative if she has personal prejudices. This is especially true in respect to controversial issues and questions on which children should be encouraged to reach their own decision as a result of objective analysis of all the facts. (377 words)

　　Notes: point up (=emphasize)强调，突出。touch upon 触及。creed 信条，教义。inculcation谆谆教诲。cajoling 哄骗。

　　21. Which of the following best describes the organization of the first paragraph of the text?

　　[A] An assertion is made and two examples are given to illustrate it.

　　[B] A controversy is stated and two opposite points of view are presented.

　　[C] A widely accepted definition is presented and two men are described.

　　[D] An idea is stated and two results of recent research are summarized.

　　22. The central idea conveyed in the above text is that

　　[A] attitudes affect our actions.

　　[B] teachers play a significant role in developing or reshaping pupils attitudes.

　　[C] attitudes can be modified by some classroom experiences.

　　[D] by their attitudes, teachers don't affect pupils' attitudes deliberately.

　　23. In paragraph 6 the author implies that

　　[A] the teacher should guide all discussions by revealing her own attitude.

　　[B] in some aspects of social studies a greater variety of methods can be used in the upper grades than in the lower grades.

　　[C] people usually act on the basis of reasoning rather than on emotion.

　　[D] children's attitudes often come from those of other children.

　　24. A statement not made or implied in the text is that

　　[A] attitudes can be based on the learning of untrue statements.

　　[B] worthwhile attitudes may be developed in practically every subject area.

　　[C] attitudes cannot easily be changed by rewards and lectures.

　　[D] the attitudes of elementary school-aged children are influenced primarily by the way they were treated as infants.

　　25. The text specially states that

　　[A] direct experiences are more valuable than indirect ones.

　　[B] whatever attitudes a child learns in school have already been introduced at home.

　　[C] teachers can sometimes have an unwholesome influence on children.

　　[D] teachers should always conceal their own attitudes

　　Text2

　　An industrial society, especially one as centralized and concentrated as that of Britain, is heavily dependent on certain essential services: for instance, electricity supply, water, rail and road transport, and harbors. The area of dependency has widened to include removing rubbish, hospital and ambulance services, and, as the economy develops, central computer and information services as well. If any of these services ceases to operate, the whole economic system is in danger.

　　It is this economic interdependency of the economic system which makes the power of trade union    s such an important issue. Single trade union    s have the ability to cut off many countries' economic blood supply. This can happen more easily in Britain than in some other countries, in part because the labor force is highly organized. About 55 percent of British workers belong to union    s, compared to under a quarter in the United States. For historical reasons, Britain's union    s have tended to develop along trade and occupational lines, rather than on an industry-by-industry basis, which makes a wages policy, democracy in industry and the improvement of procedure for fixing wage levels difficult to achieve.

　　There are considerable strains and tensions in the trade union     movement, some of them arising from their outdated and inefficient structure. Some union    s have lost many members because of their industrial changes. Others are involved in arguments about who should represent workers in new trades. union    s for skilled trades are separate from general union    s, which means that different levels of wages for certain jobs are often a source of bad feeling between union    s. In traditional trades which are being pushed out of existence by advancing technologies, union    s can fight for their members disappointing jobs to the point where the jobs of other union     members are threatened or destroyed. The printing of newspapers both in the United States and in Britain has frequently been halted by the efforts of printers to hold on to their traditional highly-paid jobs.

　　Trade union    s have problems of internal communication just as managers in companies do, problems which multiply in very large union    s or in those which bring workers in very different industries together into a single general union    . Some trade union     officials have to be re-elected regularly; others are elected, or even appointed, for life. Trade union     officials have to work with a system of “shop stewards” in many union    s, “shop stewards” being workers elected by other workers as their representatives at factory or works level. (411 words)

　　26. Why is the interdependence of the UK economy mentioned in paragraph 1?

　　[A] To point up the importance of the trade union     power.

　　[B] To outline in brief the great scale of essential services.

　　[C] To illustrate the danger in the whole economic system.

　　[D] To bring out a centralized and concentrated industrial society.

　　27. Because of their out-of-date organization some union    s find it difficult to

　　[A] recruit new members to join.

　　[B] remold themselves as industries change.

　　[C] adapt to advancing technologies.

　　[D] bargain for high enough wages.

　　28. Disagreements arise between union    s because some of them

　　[A] take over other union    s' jobs.

　　[B] try to win over members of other union    s.

　　[C] protect their own members at the expense of others.

　　[D] intend to represent workers in new trade organizations.

　　29. What basic problem are we told most trade union    s face?

　　[A] They are equal in size of influence.

　　[B] They are less powerful than ever before.

　　[C] They don't have enough members.

　　[D] They are not organized efficiently.

　　30. The title which best expresses the idea of the text would be

　　[A] British Trade union    s and Their Drawbacks.

　　[B] A Centralized and Concentrated Society.

　　[C] The Power of Trade union    s in Britain.

　　[D] The Structure of British Trade union    s.

　　Text3