格罗宁根大学有九个研究生院，每个研究生院开设有硕士和博士研究课程，为学生从事高水准学术研究做准备。那么，格罗宁根大学研究生院有哪些优质的课程呢?它的行为学与社会科学专业怎么样呢?和出国留学网一起来了解吧!
The University of Groningen has nine Graduate Schools, each of which offers Research Master’s and PhD programmes that prepare you for a high-level career in academia or beyond.
The Graduate Schools are where the mind should flourish. In order to create this environment the Graduate Schools promote:
格罗宁根大学有九个研究生院，每个研究生院开设有硕士和博士研究课程，为学生从事高水准学术研究做准备。
研究生院是培养人才的地方。为此，研究生院提倡：
1.intensive contact between prominent academics and students
2.a challenging interdisciplinary and international environment
3.professional development opportunities for graduate students
4.high-level services, activities and events for students
5.a setting that fosters academic integrity.
These elements ensure the development of strong research skills, thus creating excellent prospects for a career in academia or beyond.
1.杰出学者与学生之间的紧密联系
2.富有挑战的跨学科国际环境
3.为研究生提供职业发展机会
4.为学生提供高水平服务活动
5.营造学术诚信氛围
这些因素确保了科研技术的发展，进而创造了良好的学术职业前景。
The Dean of Graduate Schools, together with the directors and coordinators of the faculty Graduate Schools, is responsible for the performance and continued improvement of the Graduate Schools. They bear overall responsibility for the graduate programmes and the academic and personal wellbeing of the students, and they participate in decisions on admissions, financial aid, academic performance and the application of the regulations and policies of the Graduate School.
研究生院院长和主任、协调人一起，负责研究生院的表现和持续改善。他们共同为研究生课程、学生学业和各人福利负责。同时，他们参与决定研究生院的招生、经济补助、学术表现以及规章政策的申请。
Behavioural and Social Sciences
The programme takes two years (4 semesters) in total, with a total study load of 120 EC, and is composed of seven parts.
1) General and statistical compulsory modules (30 EC)2) Specialization-related compulsory modules: theoretical modules (15 EC)3) Specialization-related compulsory modules: statistical/methodological modules (10 EC)4) Optional modules (17EC)5) Seminars (2,5 EC)6) Traineeship (10 EC)7) Master's thesis project (35 EC)
行为学与社会科学
课程采取两年制，共有四个学期，120个学分，由七个部分组成。
1)一般和统计必修模块(30个学分)2) 专业相关必修模块：理论模块(15个学分)3) 专业相关必修模块：统计和方法论模块(10个学分)4) 选修模块(17个学分)5)研讨课(25个学分)6) 培训(10个学分)7)硕士论文项目(35个学分)。
Research assistantships:
All new students in this Research Master's programme are eligible for a nine-month research assistantship of 4 hours per week. Students do not need to apply for this. They will be informed about these positions once they are enrolled for the programme. Starting date of the research assistantships is usually around November.
助理研究员：
该硕士研究课程的所有新生有资格担任九个月的助理研究员，每周上班四个小时。助理研究员不需要申请。注册课程的时候会有相关通知。助理研究员的开始日期通常在11月前后。
Programme options
1.Clinical Psychology and Clinical Neuropsychology (specialization)
The program teaches how to apply theoretical and methodological knowledge and advanced research methods in the area of psychopathology and clinical neuropsychology and consists of two streams:
课程选项
1.临床心理学和临床神经心理学(专业)
The focus of the Clinical Psychology stream is on investigating the causal mechanisms underlying the onset and maintenance of mental disorders. Knowledge of transdiagnostic processes, focusing on shared (dysfunctional) cognitive and behavioural processes across disorders, is combined with insight in specific disorders and symptoms.
临床心理学方向的焦点是考察精神错乱潜在的因果机制。跨诊断过程知识、认知功能障碍和错乱表现过程与特定错乱征兆结合。
The Clinical Neuropsychology stream specifically addresses the effects of neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders and other clinical conditions affecting the brain in children, adolescents and adults. Methods used in the field of clinical neuropsychology are neuropsychological tests, neuroimaging and EEG. Knowledge is used in the assessment, diagnosis and/or rehabilitation of patients.
临床神经心理学方向着重研究神经和神经精神障碍以及其他影响儿童、青少年、成年人的临床条件。临床神经心理学使用的方法是神经心理测试、神经影像
和脑电图描记器。涉及评估、诊断和康复方面的专业知识。
Within both streams advanced research skills will be acquired by participating in research projects, focusing either on fundamental research, or the more applied field, or in learning to critically evaluate the empirical support for specific treatments. Students also have the opportunity to train in advanced diagnostic and other clinical skills to qualify for a postdoctoral training program in the optional module.
两个方向的先进研究技术都需要，在研究项目参与、基础研究考察、应用领域或特定治疗的经验支持评估学习中用到。此外，学生有机会学习高级诊断和其他临床技巧，以便有能力学习选修模块中的博士后培训项目。
2.Sociology (specialization)
The Sociology specialization focuses on theoretically and methodologically advanced research in the discipline of sociology and general social sciences.
2.社会学(专业)
社会学方向焦点在社会学和一般社会科学领域的高级理论和方法论研究。
The Sociology specialization focuses on theoretically and methodologically advanced research in the discipline of sociology and general social sciences. It is offered jointly with the Department of Sociology in Utrecht and in the context of the interuniversity graduate school and research centre of the Interuniversity Center for Social Science Theory and Methodology (ICS). Students will follow a series of theory and applied research modules and actively participate in research seminars throughout the programme. By the end of the programme, students will be proficient in problem-guided and deductive theory building in sociology, coupled with applied empirical research using complex data analysis models and methods. The theoretical component focuses on deductive and structured sociological modelling of substantive social issues. The research methods component examines contemporary explanatory models, measurement models and analytical methods of complex multi-actor, multi-level and multi-event data structures in an integrative and applied manner.
社会学方向焦点在社会学和一般社会科学领域的高级理论和方法论研究。课程由乌特勒支大学社会学专业和大学间的研究生院、社会科学理论和方法论研究中心共同提供。在整个项目期间，学生将学习一系列理论和应用研究模块，积极参与到研讨课中。项目结束的时候，学生将掌握社会学中的问题导向演绎理论，运用复杂数据分析模块和方法进行应用经验研究。理论部分集中在大量社会问题的演绎和结构社会学模式上。研究方法部分以综合应用的方式考察当代阐述模式、度量模式以及多人参与、多层次、多事件数据结构分析方法。
3.Education and Development (specialization)
The Education and Development specialization focuses on the effectiveness of education and the improvement of development processes. It is jointly offered by Pedagogy, Education and Psychology.
3.教育与发展(专业)
教育与发展方向集中研究教育的有效性和发展过程的改善。课程涉及教授法、教育学和心理学。
The Education and Development specialization focuses on the effectiveness of education and the improvement of development processes.
There are four main strands of research topics within this programme:
教育与发展方向集中研究教育的有效性和发展过程的改善。
这门课程主要有四个研究方向：
A. Adaptive and inclusive education, focusing on creating equitable and accessible education, especially for students from disadvantaged backgrounds, and other students that are at risk,
适应与包容教育。重点在创造平等的教育，尤其针对没有背景和面临失学的学生。
B. Socio-psychological precursors of school success, which studies how personality, motivation, meta-cognition, social comparison processes, and friendship ties affect students' school careers in secondary education;
学业成功的社会心理因素。研究中学教育阶段性格、动机、元认知、社会比较和人际关系如何对学生的学业产生影响。
C. Instructional design, focusing on the use and effect of new learning environments, such as computer-supported collaborative learning, but also socio-constructivist inspired real-life situations for learning in vocational education; and
教学设计。集中考察新学习环境的使用和影响，比如计算机支持的协作学习、社会构成主义者激发的现实生活职业教育学习。
D. Developmental processes in the life span, which studies developmental processes from a dynamic systems point-of-view.
寿命发展过程。从动态系统的角度研究发展过程。
The research programme has both a fundamental and an applied orientation, and studies are often linked to ongoing research projects.
该学习课程同时涉及基础理论方向和应用方向，并且经常和进行中的研究项目发生联系。
4.Psychometrics and Statistics (specialization)
Focuses on a variety of advanced statistical data analysis methods and experimental techniques.
4.心理测验学和统计学(专业)
心理测验学和统计学集中于考察高级统计数据分析方法和实验技术。
The Psychometrics and Statistics specialization offers a series of modules, as well as individual supervision on a variety of advanced statistical data analysis methods and experimental techniques. The modules deal with the application of methods, background knowledge on these methods, and their relationship with other methods.
心理测验学和统计学方向提供一系类模块以及高级统计数据分析方法和实验技术个人指导。模块考察各种方法的应用、方法知识背景以及它们与其它方法的关系。
The specialization is suitable for students who want to build a solid basis in statistical data analysis methods, and is an ideal preparation for students aiming to undertake a PhD project on statistical data analysis methods. In such projects, statistical data analysis methods are often compared and sometimes new methods are developed which require evaluation to show their additional value over existing methods.
该专业适合想要打统计数据分析方法基础的学生，是有意从事统计数据分析方法博士研究的学生的理想选择。在这些项目中，统计数据分析方法经常被拿来对比，有时会发展出新的方法，而新方法又要求被评估，以便表明和现有的方法相比它们有什么额外的价值。
Therefore, when preparing and writing the Master's thesis, the student will learn to apply one or more methods for comparing and evaluating statistical data analysis methods.
因此，在准备和写作硕士论文的时候，学生需要学会使用一种或多种方法，比较和评估各种统计数据分析方法。
5.Social and Organizational Psychology (specialization)
The programme focuses on intrapersonal, interpersonal and intergroup perceptions and comparisons.
5.社会和组织心理学(专业)
该课程集中研究内心、人际关系、群际看法和对比。
The Social and Organizational Psychology programme focuses on intrapersonal, interpersonal and intergroup perceptions and comparisons, i.e. on how individuals and groups perceive themselves in relation to their own standards, in relation to other individuals, and in relation to other groups. The modules deal with topics such as social comparison, social exchange, negotiation, aggression, stereotyping and meta-stereotyping, achievement goals, pro-social behaviour, motivation, perfectionism, conflict, health behaviour, discrimination, and integration as well as their consequences in terms of, for example, self-evaluation, emotions, well-being, creativity, and performance. The modules in this specialization emphasize the integration of fundamental and applied research. This implies an emphasis on experimental paradigms with considerable ecological validity, and on applied research that has the potential to contribute to theory development. The underlying philosophy is that basic research needs to have relevance to phenomena in society, and that applied research needs to be directly theoretically relevant.
社会和组织心理学课程集中研究内心、人际关系、群际看法和对比，研究个人和群体在自己的标准、其他个体、其他群体方面是如何看法自身的。该方向的模块设计社会比较、社会交换、谈判、侵略、刻板印象、元刻板印象、目标成就、亲社会行为、动机、完美主义、冲突、健康行为、歧视、融合以及它们对自我评价、情绪、创造力和表现的影响。该方向的模块强调基础研究和应用研究的融合。这意味着强调实验范式生态效度，强调可以推动理论发展的应用研究。言下之意就是，基础研究需要和社会现象相关，应用研究需要和理论直接相关。
Why Groningen?
Unique characteristics of the programme are:
1.For two years it was the highest student ranked Research Master's programme in the Behavioural and Social Sciences in the Netherlands!
2.Students work one-on-one with internationally acknowledged researchers
3.Students determine the focus of their programme so that it suits their own ambitions and interests
为什么要选择格罗宁根大学的行为学与社会科学硕士
该大学的行为学社会科学硕士课程有以下特点：
连续两年在荷兰同类硕士专业中排名最高
学生和国际公认的研究员一对一共事
学生可以根据自己的意向和兴趣，决定专业主攻方法。
Study support
Academic advisor:At least twice a year students will be invited by the academic advisor to discuss their study progress. Students can also visit the academic advisor for confidential issues or study-related issues.
学习支持
研究顾问：学生每年至少有两次机会和研究顾问讨论研究进度。学生也可以就私人问题和学习相关问题请教研究顾问。
Supervisor:The content of the programme is highly individualized, with some compulsory and some optional modules. Students compose and monitor their personal study plans in close cooperation with a supervisor (i.e., a member from the staff of the research group in which the student plans to specialize). The supervisor is assigned to each student around week 8 of the programme. Soon after this, a detailed study plan is formulated by the student and the supervisor together and submitted for approval to the Board of Examiners. Typically, the supervisor supervises the first literature study and the traineeship. The student and supervisor meet several times during the year. The student may choose another supervisor for the Master's thesis, who will take over the role of 'general' supervisor in the second year.
Supervisor：课程内容高度个人化，有必修课也有选修课。学生在Supervisor(学生专攻方向的研究团队成员)的密切协助下指定和执行个人研究计划。大约在课程的第八周，Supervisor会分配给每位学生。紧接着，Supervisor协助学生指定详细研究计划，将计划提交给考试团审核。一般而言，Supervisor监督第一个文献研究期和受训期。学生和Supervisor在这一年里会有几次见面。，届时，学生可以选择另一位硕士论文Supervisor，后者在第二学年里担任总管的角色。
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