澳洲最好的大学是澳洲国立大学还是墨尔本大学

　　If you’re planning to study in Australia (and, let’s face it, why wouldn’t you?), two top universities in Australia loom large as potential study destinations. They are, of course, the Australian National University (ANU) and the University of Melbourne, two of the highest-ranking universities in the country.

　　Ranked 20th and joint 41st in the QS World University Rankings? 2018 respectively, both are among the world’s very best universities, so you’re likely to have a fantastic university experience no matter which one you pick. That said, there are key differences between the two that might make the choice of university easier. Here’s what you need to know.

　　如果你打算去澳大利亚留学(而且，让我们面对这个现实，为什么你会不想去澳大利亚留学呢?)，澳大利亚的两所顶尖大学作为潜在的留学目标显得很醒目。当然，这两所大学就是澳大利亚国立大学和墨尔本大学，也是澳大利亚排名最高的两所大学。

　　澳大利亚国立大学和墨尔本大学在最新发布的2018年QS世界大学排名中分别位于第20位和并列第41位，这两所大学都位于世界一流大学之列，所以不管你在这两所大学中选择哪一所，你都能收获一段梦幻般的大学经历。那就是说，这两者之间有一些关键区别的话，可能会让你在选择大学的时候更容易。那么关于这两所大学，有哪些是你需要知道的呢?请看出国留学网为大家独家整理并且翻译的澳大利亚最顶尖的两所大学：澳大利亚国立大学和墨尔本大学的详细介绍，如果你正好想去澳大利亚留学，而不知该如何选择，希望这篇文章对你有帮助。

　　*Based on the broad subject areas of the QS World University Rankings by Subject 2017.

　　*以上专业排名是根据2017年QS世界大学专业排名整理的。

　　QS World University Rankings 2018

　　Given both universities are comfortably ranked within the top 50 universities in the world, it’s unsurprising both universities enjoy a stellar reputation among academics and employers. In this year’s world rankings, they both score extremely well in QS’s global academic reputation survey, with the University of Melbourne ranking ahead of ANU at 15th in the world, compared to ANU’s 24th place. Melbourne also comes out ahead for employer reputation, ranking 20th in the world, while ANU is further behind in 60th place.

　　ANU does come out of top in student/faculty ratio, for which it’s ranked 250th, while the University of Melbourne is outside of the global top 400 on this measure. This indicator aims to give an approximate idea of the level of support students may be able to expect, given the number of full-time faculty members employed per student.

　　ANU also scores better than University of Melbourne for the number of research citations per faculty member, a metric which aims to assess research impact. It’s ranked 49th on this measure, while Melbourne is 79th.

　　For international diversity, both are strong performers – unsurprising, given Australia’s long history of welcoming students and academics from overseas. Both are within the global top 50 for their percentage of international students: Melbourne 27th and ANU 45th. For international faculty members, ANU is even stronger – ranked 33rd in the world to Melbourne’s 120th.

　　In short, it’s a close race all round: ANU and the University of Melbourne lead in three indicators each. However, you may be more influenced by one factor than another (student/faculty ratio or % of international students, for example).

　　2018年QS世界大学排名

　　鉴于澳大利亚国立大学和墨尔本大学这两所大学都稳居世界大学排名前50名之内，这两所大学在学术界和雇主中都享有盛名也就不足为奇了。在今年的世界大学排名中，这两所大学在QS全球学术声誉调查中的得分都非常高，与澳大利亚国立大学的第24位相比，墨尔本大学的第15位要遥遥领先。墨尔本大学在雇主名誉排名中也要领先于澳大利亚国立大学，前者在世界大学排名中位于第20位，后者位于第60位。

　　澳大利亚国立大学在师生比上要更加优于墨尔本大学，在世界大学排名中位于第250位，而墨尔本大学在这一项上则只进入了全球前400名之内。这个指标的目的是给学生一个大概的概念，让他们能够了解自己能够获得的支持有多少，这是考虑到每个学生对应的教职人员人数。

　　而在每个教员的论文引用数这一项上，澳大利亚国立大学同样比墨尔本大学要表现得更突出，这一指标旨在评估每所大学的研究影响力。澳大利亚国立大学在这一项上排名全球第49位，而墨尔本大学是第79位。

　　对国际多样性而言，这两所大学的表现都非常抢眼——这也不足为奇，因为澳大利亚一直以来都有欢迎来自海外的学生和学者的传统。这两所大学在国际学生百分比这一项上都位于全球前50名之内：墨尔本大学位于第27位，澳大利亚国立大学位于第45位。对于国际教员来说，澳大利亚国立大学的实力要更强一点——在世界大学排名中位于第33位，而墨尔本大学位于第120位。

　　简而言之，这是一场势均力敌的比赛：澳大利亚国立大学和墨尔本大学分别都有三项指标领先于对方。但是，相比其他的评分指标，你可能会更加看重某一项指标(例如师生比，又或者是国际学生百分比)。

　　Subject strengths

　　The latest edition of the QS World University Rankings by Subject indicates that ANU is slightly stronger in the broad subject area of arts and humanities, while Melbourne comes out ahead for life sciences, social sciences, natural sciences and engineering and technology subjects. However, ANU is very close behind Melbourne for social sciences & management, at 20th to Melbourne’s 14th in the world.

　　You can view a direct comparison of how both universities compare for specific disciplines in the table below.

　　优势专业

　　在最新发布的QS世界大学专业排名中，澳大利亚国立大学在艺术和人文专业上的实力要比墨尔本大学更强一些，而墨尔本大学在生命科学、社会科学、自然科学以及工程和技术专业上的实力要比澳大利亚国立大学更强一些。但是，澳大利亚国立大学在社会科学和管理专业上与墨尔本大学非常接近，前者在这一专业的世界大学排名中位于第20位，后者位于第14位。

　　你可以通过下表查看这两所大学在具体专业学科上排名的直观对比。

　　Location

　　While there may be little difference between the two top universities in Australia in terms of the high quality of education they provide, there is a lot to distinguish them when it comes to location.

　　所在地点

　　虽然这两所澳大利亚的顶尖大学之间的教育质量都很高，区别也许不大，但是说到所在的地点，这两所大学之间还是有很多不同的。

　　Melbourne

　　Often referred to as the nation’s cultural capital, Melbourne is an arty city featuring impressive architecture, world-leading museums and an on-the-pulse theatre and comedy scene. The city also offers a myriad of ultra-cool restaurants, clubs and shopping districts, as well as a healthy love of sports.

　　Coming fifth in the QS Best Student Cities 2017, Melbourne is a popular study destination due to its large and diverse student community, excellent quality of living and high concentration of world-class universities. Besides the University of Melbourne, the city is home to six more Australian universities which feature in the QS World University Rankings. These are Monash University (60th in the world), the Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (joint 247th), Deakin University (joint 293rd), La Trobe University (260th), Swinburne University of Technology (421-430) and Victoria University (701-750).

　　Having previously occupied second place in the QS Best Student Cities index, the 2017 edition sees Melbourne fall to fifth, largely due to lost ground in the Affordability category. Yet, it remains without doubt a highly attractive destination for international students, and – home to one of the world’s most diverse student communities – retains the index’s strongest score for Student Mix.

　　Seven universities in Melbourne are featured in the QS World University Rankings® 2016-2017, the highest-ranked of which is the University of Melbourne at 42nd in the world – second only to Australian National University on the Australian leaderboard.

　　Known as Australia’s cultural capital, Melbourne regularly tops lists of the world’s most livable cities, and is full of all the attractions that make the Australian lifestyle so appealing – including beautiful beaches, nightlife and a fair proportion of sunny days. The city’s cultural calendar is packed year-round – spanning arts, comedy, music, film, fashion, and a host of multicultural celebrations.

　　As well as boasting the highest score in the Student Mix category, Melbourne also scores particularly well for Desirability – reflecting both the overall quality of life in the city, and its status as an in-demand student destination. Like other Australian cities, it stumbles only when it comes to affordability, with both fees and living costs on the high side in global terms. But, for high standards of living and incredible natural surroundings, Melbourne remains a tough city to beat.

　　墨尔本

　　墨尔本经常被称为澳大利亚的文化首都，这里是一个艺术城市，有着令人印象深刻的建筑、世界一流的博物馆、以及剧院和喜剧场景。墨尔本这座城市还提供了无数非常酷的餐厅、俱乐部和购物区，以及体育运动区域。

　　墨尔本在2017年QS最佳留学城市排名中位于第5，这里是一个受欢迎的留学目的地，由于其庞大和多样的学生社区、优良的生活质量和众多世界一流的大学。除了墨尔本大学，这座城市还有另外六所进入了QS世界大学排名的澳大利亚的大学，这些大学各有其特色。这些大学是莫纳什大学(世界大学排名第60位)，皇家墨尔本理工大学(世界大学排名并列第247位)，迪肯大学(世界大学排名并列第293位)，拉筹伯大学(世界大学排名第260位)，斯威本科技大学(世界大学排名第421-430位)和维多利亚大学(世界大学排名第701-750位)。

　　墨尔本在去年的QS最佳留学城市排名中占据了全球第2名的位置，但是在2017年最新发布的排名中，墨尔本下降到了第5位，排名的下降很大程度上是因为墨尔本在“负担能力”这一项上没有得到很好的分数。但是毫无疑问，墨尔本对于国际留学生来说仍然是非常有吸引力的地方——在“学生组合”这一项评分指标上，墨尔本仍然是得分最高的城市。

　　在2016-2017年QS世界大学排名中，墨尔本有7所大学进入排名，排名最高的大学是位于全球第42位的墨尔本大学——在澳大利亚大学排名中仅次于澳大利亚国立大学。

　　众所周知，墨尔本是澳大利亚的文化首都，墨尔本总是在世界上最宜居的城市排名中名列前茅，并且墨尔本到处都是让澳大利亚人的生活变得有吸引力的景点，包括美丽的海滩，夜生活，以及全年不少的阳光灿烂的日子。这座城市一年到头都有不同的文化活动——横跨艺术、喜剧、音乐、电影、时尚，以及主办了多元文化的庆祝活动。

　　墨尔本在最佳留学城市指数排名中的“学生组成”这一项的得分最高，同样在“合意性”这一项上得分也非常不错——这两项都是用于评价这座城市整体的生活质量，评分是根据每个城市的相对规模，以及每个城市的学生人口的多样性，还有社会包容和宽容性的水平，从而判断这座城市是否是学生们理想的目的地。

　　就像澳大利亚其他城市一样，唯一一个阻碍墨尔本排名往上走的因素就是“负担能力”，与全球其他城市相比，这里有相对较高的学费和高昂的生活成本。但是由于高质量的生活，以及难以置信的自然环境，墨尔本在最佳留学城市排名中的地位也很难被撼动。

　　Canberra

　　Home to ANU, Canberra is Australia’s capital city. It’s actually far smaller than Melbourne, both overall and in terms of its student population, which helps to make this city a somewhat calmer place to live. This could be a good or bad thing, depending on your personal preferences.

　　However, as Australia’s political hub, Canberra couldn’t exactly be described as sleepy. During parliamentary sittings, the city is alive with national politics. While it may be one of the country’s few major settlements further than a stone’s throw from a beach, Canberra boasts a different kind of natural attraction. Surrounded by mountains, hills and bush-land, as much as half of Canberra itself is protected as natural park and reserve land – so if you’re used to living in the countryside, Canberra may be the place where you’d feel more at home.

　　Aside from ANU, Canberra is also home to the University of Canberra, which is ranked 551-600 in the QS World University Rankings. The city itself is ranked 22nd in the QS Best Student Cities 2017, achieving its highest score for the Desirability category.

　　Like other Australian cities, capital Canberra scores very well in the Student Mix category of the QS Best Student Cities index, reflecting its large and internationally diverse student population. As the home of Australia’s highest-ranked university, Australian National University (ANU) – 22nd in the latest QS World University Rankings® – it’s unsurprising to find the city has proven attractive to students from around the world.

　　Canberra’s second strongest score is in the Desirability category, which draws on a range of sources to assess both actual quality of life and student demand. While it may be one of Australia’s few major settlements which is not within walking distance of the beach, Canberra nonetheless has plenty of natural attractions – including its own (man-made) lake right in the city center, and numerous nature reserves all around.

　　Respondents to the student survey used to compile this year’s edition of the index praised Canberra’s safe, relaxed and welcoming environment, while also highlighting opportunities for those interested in national politics and government. One commented, “Moving from Sydney where everything is so chaotic and work-focused, Canberra definitely has the balance of fun and work.”

　　堪培拉

　　澳大利亚国立大学位于堪培拉，这座城市是澳大利亚的首都。无论是在城市总体规模上还是在学生人数方面，堪培拉都比墨尔本要小得多，但是这些都有助于使这座城市变得更加平静，适宜居住。这个平静可能是一件好事，但是也可能是一件坏事，主要取决于你的个人喜好。

　　但是，作为澳大利亚的政治枢纽，堪培拉当然不能完全被称为昏昏欲睡的地方。在议会开会期间，这个城市充满了国家政治色彩。虽然堪培拉可能是澳大利亚为数不多的除了海滩之外的主要定居点之一，堪培拉拥有不同种类的自然吸引力。被群山、丘陵和灌木所包围，堪培拉的一半土地被作为自然公园和保护区来保护——所以如果你习惯了住在乡下，堪培拉可能是一个你会感觉到如家般舒适的地方。

　　除了澳大利亚国立大学，堪培拉大学同样也位于堪培拉，这所大学在QS世界大学排名中位于第551-600。堪培拉这座城市本身在2017年QS最佳留学城市排名中位于第22位，在“合意性”这一项评分类别中得到了最高分。

　　像其他澳大利亚城市一样，首都堪培拉在最佳留学城市排名的“学生组合”这一项上得分很高，这也反映了其庞大并且国际多样化的学生人口。澳大利亚排名最高的大学也位于堪培拉，即在QS最佳留学城市排名中排名第22位的澳大利亚国立大学——发现这座城市对来自世界各地的学生都有吸引力也就不足为奇了。

　　堪培拉得分第二高的一项是“合意性”，这一项综合了一系列方面来评估实际的生活质量和学生的需求。虽然堪培拉可能是澳大利亚为数不多的海滩不在步行范围之内的主要城市之一，堪培拉仍有很多自然景点——包括它自己在在城市的中心的(人工)湖，和周围众多的自然保护区。

　　参与今年最佳留学城市排名调查的学生受访者称赞堪培拉的安全、轻松和友好的环境，同时还特别强调了对于那些对国家政治和政府感兴趣的人的机会。有评论说，“悉尼哪里都是混沌，并且以工作为重点的，堪培拉肯定有娱乐和工作的平衡”。

　　堪培拉坐落于格里芬湖岸边，是澳大利亚政府、国会及很多外国使馆的所在地。由于四周森林环绕、绿意盎然，且邻近自然秀丽的乡村，周围遍布着澳大利亚最引人入胜的乡村，令堪培拉成为优雅的现代化都市，更享有“天然首都”的美誉。堪培拉的确是个与众不同的城市，宽敞的规划街道，令人难忘的现代化建筑，以及自然环境的优势都是那么明显。

　　Student community

　　The University of Melbourne is over double the size of ANU in terms of student community, with 48,088 students in total, including 17,520 international students. That means internationals account for over a third of the student population, reflected in the university’s high score in the international student ratio category of the rankings. ANU had 22,654 students as of 2015, while statistics show an almost equal divide of undergraduate (10,698) and postgraduate (11,806) students. Of these, 6,298 were international students in 2015, which was 28% of the student population at the time.

　　学生团体

　　在学生团体方面，墨尔本大学的学生人数比澳大利亚国立大学要多两倍，总共有48,088名学生，其中包括17,520名国际留学生。这意味着国际留学生人数占学生总人数的三分之一以上，这也反映在墨尔本大学在qs世界大学排名的“国际学生比例”这一项上得到的高分上。截至2015年，澳大利亚国立大学有22,654名学生在读，而统计数字显示，本科生(10,698名) 和研究生(11,806名)学生的人数几乎相等。在2015年，其中6,298名学生是国际留学生，占当时学生人数的28%。

　　Tuition fees and living costs

　　Based on the latest figures for incoming students, ANU and the University of Melbourne both offer the same costs for domestic students, thanks to the nation’s commonwealth support scheme which allows Australian residents to make a smaller contribution to their higher education costs, with the amount dependent on their chosen subject. Arts and humanities subjects (band 1) are typically the cheaper programs, while medical-related subjects, business and law programs (band 3) tend to be the most expensive.

　　International student fees are towards the upper end of the international spectrum, with annual tuition costs of around A$31,008- $40,416 (~US$22,300-30,600). at both schools. Medicine is the most expensive subject for international students, with annual tuition fees of A$83,296 (~US$63,000) for clinical medicine at the University of Melbourne.

　　学费和生活费

　　根据最新入学的学生数据显示，澳大利亚国立大学和墨尔本大学都为澳大利亚本国学生提供同样的费用，这得益于澳大利亚的英联邦支持计划，这个项目能够让澳大利亚居民为自己的高等教育费用投入更少，而具体的数额也取决于他们所选择的专业。文科和人文科学专业(第1类收费)通常是相对比较便宜的专业，而与医学相关的专业、商科和法学专业(第3类收费)往往则是学费最昂贵的。

　　国际学生的学费则会收取国际留学生对应的学费，这个费用也会更高，这两所大学每年的学费都是约为31,008澳元-40,416澳元(约合22,300美元-30,600美元)。对于国际留学生来说，医学专业是学费最高的专业，在墨尔本大学临床医学专业每年的学费为83,296澳元(约合6.3万美元)。

　　Scholarships and funding

　　With such high tuition fees, prospective students will be pleased to learn that both the University of Melbourne and Australian National University offer scholarships for international students, with both offering online search tools to enable students to identify scholarships relevant to their particular situation.

　　There are also a number of government scholarships available to study in Australia, including the Australia Awards, aimed at students at all study levels from developing countries, and the Endeavour Postgraduate Scholarships.

　　奖学金和资金资助

　　面对这么高的学费，准学生们会高兴地得知墨尔本大学和澳大利亚国立大学都会为国际留学生提供奖学金，并且这两所大学也会提供在线搜索工具，使学生能够找到符合他们自己个人情况相关的奖学金。

　　去澳大利亚留学还有许多政府奖学金可以申请，包括澳大利亚政府奖学金，其目的是向发展中国家的所有学习水平的学生提供，此外还有奋进研究生奖学金。

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