美国哥伦比亚大学基本概况

　　哥伦比亚大学创办于1754年，位于纽约曼哈顿，是美国一所顶尖的私立大学，目前在QS大学排名中位列世界第18位。下面请看出国留学网为大家整理并翻译的哥伦比亚大学基本概况信息。

　　一、关于哥伦比亚大学

　　Columbia is intensely diverse and robustly pluralistic -- with 16 schools and students, faculty and staff from myriad disciplines, backgrounds and experiences. Yet we share a collective commitment to advancing learning and knowledge at the highest level, and to sharing these efforts thoughout the world.

　　哥伦比亚大学格外多样化和多元化，分16个学院，其师生和员工来自各个学科，有不同的背景和经历。尽管如此，我们有着共同的承诺，就是在最高水准上推动知识和学习，将这些努力分享到世界各地。

　　Full-time faculty distribution by school/division, Fall 2006-2016

　　哥伦比亚大学全职教员的院系分布情况：2006年秋至2016年

　　二、哥伦比亚大学的历史

　　Columbia University was founded in 1754 as King's College by royal charter of King George II of England. It is the oldest institution of higher learning in the state of New York and the fifth oldest in the United States.

　　Controversy preceded the founding of the College, with various groups competing to determine its location and religious affiliation. Advocates of New York City met with success on the first point, while the Anglicans prevailed on the latter. However, all constituencies agreed to commit themselves to principles of religious liberty in establishing the policies of the College.

　　In July 1754, Samuel Johnson held the first classes in a new schoolhouse adjoining Trinity Church, located on what is now lower Broadway in Manhattan. There were eight students in the class. At King's College, the future leaders of colonial society could receive an education designed to "enlarge the Mind, improve the Understanding, polish the whole Man, and qualify them to support the brightest Characters in all the elevated stations in life." One early manifestation of the institution's lofty goals was the establishment in 1767 of the first American medical school to grant the M.D. degree.

　　The American Revolution brought the growth of the college to a halt, forcing a suspension of instruction in 1776 that lasted for eight years. However, the institution continued to exert a significant influence on American life through the people associated with it. Among the earliest students and trustees of King's College were John Jay, the first chief justice of the United States; Alexander Hamilton, the first secretary of the treasury; Gouverneur Morris, the author of the final draft of the U.S. Constitution; and Robert R. Livingston, a member of the five-man committee that drafted the Declaration of Independence.

　　哥伦比亚大学最初为国王学院，由英王乔治二世特许，成立于1754年。国王学院是纽约州创办时间最早的高等教育机构，也是美国第五古老的高等教育机构。

　　国王学院在创立之前争议就已存在，各个团体竞相决定其选址和宗教归属。在争议开始的时候，占上风的是纽约市派，往后圣公会信徒的观点占了主导。尽管如此，所有的拥护者都同意在指定学院政策的过程中坚持宗教自由的原则。

　　1754年，塞缪尔·约翰逊在三一教堂附件的新校舍开了第一堂课，新校舍的地点即在今天的曼哈顿百老汇。第一堂课都八名学生。在国王学院，殖民社会的未来领袖可以接受这样的教育，即“扩展眼界、增进理解、修炼完人，使之有资格自持生命中所有高雅身份的最显眼的品质。”国王学院的崇高目标最初的显现是在1767年。1767年，国王学院成立了美国第一所医学院，授予医学博士学位。

　　美国独立战争让国王学院的成长陷于停滞，导致学院在1776年停课，长达八年之久。不过，在这期间，国王学院继续通过学院相关人士对美国生活施加重要的影响。在国王学院最早的学生和受托人中，有约翰·杰伊：美国第一任首席法官;亚历山大·汉密尔顿：第一任财政部长;古弗尼尔·莫里斯：美国宪法终稿作者;和罗伯特-R-来温斯顿：《独立宣言》五人组委员会成员。

　　The college reopened in 1784 with a new name—Columbia—that embodied the patriotic fervor that had inspired the nation's quest for independence. The revitalized institution was recognizable as the descendant of its colonial ancestor, thanks to its inclination toward Anglicanism and the needs of an urban population, but there were important differences: Columbia College reflected the legacy of the Revolution in the greater economic, denominational, and geographic diversity of its new students and leaders. Cloistered campus life gave way to the more common phenomenon of day students who lived at home or lodged in the city.

　　In 1857, the College moved from Park Place, near the present site of city hall, to Forty-ninth Street and Madison Avenue, where it remained for the next forty years. During the last half of the nineteenth century, Columbia rapidly assumed the shape of a modern university. The Columbia School of Law was founded in 1858. The country's first mining school, a precursor of today's Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, was established in 1864 and awarded the first Columbia Ph.D. in 1875.

　　When Seth Low became Columbia's president in 1890, he vigorously promoted the university ideal for the College, placing the fragmented federation of autonomous and competing schools under a central administration that stressed cooperation and shared resources. Barnard College for women had become affiliated with Columbia in 1889; the medical school came under the aegis of the University in 1891, followed by Teachers College in 1893. The development of graduate faculties in political science, philosophy, and pure science established Columbia as one of the nation's earliest centers for graduate education. In 1896, the trustees officially authorized the use of yet another new name, Columbia University, and today the institution is officially known as Columbia University in the City of New York.

　　国王学院在1784年重新开放，并且有了新的名字——哥伦比亚学院。这个名字体现了当时激励美国人寻求独立的爱国狂热。这个焕发生机的学院由于其圣公会倾向和城市人口需求，被认可为殖民祖先的继承者。不过也存在重要的差别：哥伦比亚学院反映的是革命的遗产，这体现在其新生和领导在经济、宗派和地理等方面的多元性中。与世隔绝般的校园生活逐渐为更加常见的走读现象代替。走读生们住在自己家里，或寄居在城里。

　　1857年，哥伦比亚学院从公园广场(临近现在的市政厅)迁到了麦迪逊大道四十九号街，在这里待了四十年。19世纪下半叶，哥伦比亚学院很快有了现代大学的雏形。哥伦比亚法学院于1858年成立。美国第一所矿物学校，也是今天的 Fu Foundation 工程与应用科学学院的前身，则成立于1864年，并于1875年颁发了第一个哥伦比亚博士学位。

　　瑟斯·劳1890年成为哥伦比亚学院校长，大力推进了学院的大学理念。他将各个分散的存在竞争的自治学校统一到中央管理，强化了合作和资源共享。在这样的管理下，巴纳德女子学院于1889年归属于哥伦比亚学院，医学院1891年得到了哥伦比亚学院庇护，随后归属则是1893年的教育学院。研究生院在政治学、哲学、纯粹科学领域的发展使哥伦比亚学院成为了美国创办最早的研究生教育中心之一。1896年，董事会正式批准使用另外一个新的名字，即今天的哥伦比亚大学。

　　三、哥伦比亚大学的教研情况

　　Architecture, Planning & Preservation »

　　The school's international leadership role invites all the disciplines devoted to the built environment to think differently. Its mission is to use the highest level of professional training as a creative space of experimentation and analysis that nurtures new forms of professional, scholarly, technical and ethical practice.

　　Arts »

　　School of the Arts is a vibrant intellectual and artistic laboratory where students work, experiment and learn under the guidance of professors acclaimed in their fields of Film, Theatre, Visual Arts and Writing.

　　Graduate School of Arts & Sciences »

　　The Graduate School of Arts and Sciences is one of the most distinguished graduate schools in the United States. Our renowned faculty provides MA and PhD students with advanced knowledge in the humanities and natural and social sciences while preparing them for a variety of careers around the world.

　　Barnard College »

　　Barnard was the first college in New York City, and one of the few in the nation, where women could receive the same rigorous education available to men. Today, Barnard educates more than 2,300 bright, independent-minded women in an intimate liberal arts setting and is the most sought-after women's college in the country.

　　建筑、规划与保护

　　建筑、规划与保护学院在国际上扮演领导角色，专注于建筑环境领域所有学科，不落窠臼。学院的使命是借助最高水平的专业培训作为实验和分析的创意空间，引出新的形式的职业、学术、技术和伦理实践。

　　艺术

　　艺术学院相当于一个富有活力的知识和艺术实验室，学生们在这里学习、实验和工作，接受电影、戏剧、视觉艺术和写作等领域公认教授的指导。

　　文理研究生院

　　文理研究生院是美国最优秀的研究生院之一。学院著名的教员为文学硕士和博士生提供人文、自然科学和社会科学领域先进知识，让他们有能力在世界各地就业。

　　巴纳德学院

　　巴纳德学院是纽约市创办最早的学院，也是美国少数几个女学生可以和男学生享受同等教育的学院之一。今天，巴纳德学院有2千3百多名优秀的具备独立思考能力的女学生，有亲和的文科学习环境，是美国最受欢迎的女子学院之一。

　　Business »

　　Columbia Business School's global education prepares students for lifetime leadership in any industry. Its curriculum bridges pioneering research and industry practice and fosters the entrepreneurial mindset. Through its thought leadership, broad alumni network and New York base, the school ranks among the world's most innovative.

　　College of Physicians and Surgeons »

　　The College of Physicians and Surgeons is one of the most selective medical schools in the nation. Its faculty, among the most highly regarded clinicians and physician-scientists in academic medicine, prepare students to be medical leaders while working to solve intractable health challenges through clinical, laboratory and translational research.

　　Columbia College »

　　Columbia College is one of the nation's most selective undergraduate institutions. The centerpiece of academic study is the Core Curriculum, which provides students with wide-ranging perspectives on classic works of literature, philosophy, history, music, art and science.

　　Dental Medicine »

　　The College of Dental Medicine provides an academically and clinically superior education in an environment that encourages students to take advantage of the educational opportunities in such diverse areas as public health, informatics and biomedical research.

　　商务

　　哥伦比亚大学商学院有全球领先的教育，可以让学生在任何行业具备终身领导能力。其课程连接了先进研究和行业实践，有利于培养创业思维。凭借其在思想上的领导力、广泛的校友网络和在纽约市的基地，商学院是世界最具创新力的学院之一。

　　牙科与口腔外科学院

　　牙科与口腔外科学院是美国最优秀的医学院之一，有学术医学领域最顶尖的临床医生和医师科学家，将学生培养为医学领袖，同时通过临床、实验和转译研究，让学生努力解决卫生方面的棘手问题。

　　哥伦比亚学院

　　哥伦比亚学院是美国最优秀的本科学院之一。其学术学习的焦点在“核心课程”上。核心课程为学生提供关于文学作品、哲学、历史、音乐、艺术和科学等方面的诸多不同观点。

　　牙医科学

　　牙医科学学院提供学术上和临床上的卓越的教育，其环境鼓励学生充分利用公共健康、信息学和生物医学研究等领域的学习机会。

　　Engineering, Graduate »

　　Engineering, Undergraduate »

　　Columbia Engineering educates socially responsible engineering and applied science leaders whose work results in the betterment of the human condition. Undergraduate and graduate programs combine rigorous traditional course work with opportunities for research, service learning, internships and entrepreneurship, both nationally and internationally.

　　General Studies »

　　General Studies is the finest liberal arts college in the United States created specifically for returning and nontraditional students seeking a rigorous, traditional undergraduate degree. The school also houses the Postbaccalaureate Premedical Program, the oldest and largest program of its kind in the country.

　　International & Public Affairs »

　　For more than sixty years, the School of International and Public Affairs has been educating professionals who make a difference in society. Through rigorous research and hands-on practice, graduates and faculty work to improve social services, advocate for human rights, strengthen markets, protect the environment and secure peace around the world.

　　Jewish Theological Seminary »

　　The Jewish Theological Seminary trains tomorrow's religious, educational, academic and lay leaders for the Jewish community and beyond through its five schools and world-class library. List College, the undergraduate school, offers dual-degree programs with Columbia University and Barnard College.

　　工程

　　工程学院分为本科部和研究生部，旨在将学生培养为有社会责任感的工程和应用科学领域的领袖，进而改善人类的处境。本科生和研究生学习计划均结合了严谨的传统课程和国内外研究、服务学习、实习和创业机会。

　　通用研究

　　通用研究学院是美国最优秀的文理学院，专门针对有意向学习严格的传统本科生学位的老生和非传统学生。通用研究学院有美国最古老规模最大的学士后医学硕士预科项目。

　　国际与公共事务

　　国际与公共事务学院已有六十多年历史，一直以来都在培养能够社会做出改善的专业人才。通过严谨的研究和亲身实践，研究生额教员一起改善社会服务，支持人权，强化市场，保护世界环境和安全和平。

　　犹太神学院

　　犹太神学院为犹太社区和广大社区培养明日的宗教、教育、学术和世俗领袖，有五个下属学院和世界一流的图书馆。名单学院(本科)同哥伦比亚大徐也巴纳德学院一起，提供双学位课程。

　　Journalism »

　　Columbia Journalism School educates students to work in all news media, covering a wide range of complicated subjects. Our faculty, a diverse group of award-winning professionals, work closely with students to provide a foundation for our graduates to become leaders in a fast-changing news media.

　　Law »

　　Columbia Law School is among the oldest and most distinguished law schools in the United States. Its faculty and graduates have a long tradition of private practice and public service in the judiciary, government and public interest organizations, contributing to the development of law in the United States and throughout the world.

　　Nursing »

　　The School of Nursing is part of one of the world's most renowned academic health centers, a vital neighborhood collaborating on research, education and clinical care.

　　Professional Studies »

　　The School of Professional Studies offers innovative programs that meet Columbia's standard of excellence, including professional master's degrees, courses for graduate school preparation and academic achievement, pre-college programs for high school students, and courses in English as a second language.

　　新闻

　　新闻学院将学生培养为新闻媒体行业人才，涵盖众多复杂学科。学院的教员是一些备受称赞的专业人员，他们同学生紧密合作，为毕业生打下基础，让他们成为快速变化的新闻媒体行业的领袖。

　　法律

　　哥伦比亚法学院是美国最古老最杰出的法学院之一。其教员和学生长期以来都重视司法、政府和公益组织等领域的个人实践和公共服务，为美国和世界法律的发展做出了贡献。

　　护理

　　护理学院是世界最著名的一个学术健康中心的一部分，是一个至关重要的在研究、教育和临床护理等方面有合作的近邻社区。

　　职业研究

　　职业研究学院有创新课程，符合哥伦比亚大学优秀标准，包括职业硕士学位、研究生院预备课程、研究生预科课程和英语非母语课程。

　　Public Health »

　　The Mailman School of Public Health has been on the cutting edge of public health research, education and service for more than 85 years. The school is a global presence built on local excellence. With its world-class faculty and talented, diverse students, the Mailman School is developing knowledge and effecting change locally and globally.

　　Social Work »

　　For 110 years, the School of Social Work has distinguished itself with intellectual creativity and leadership in research, education and field work. Faculty members conduct research and service programs globally and provide their expertise to leaders in academia, government and the private sector.

　　Teachers College »

　　Teachers College is the oldest and largest U.S. graduate school of education, perennially ranked among the nation's best. In education, health and psychology, Teachers College prepares and informs policymakers and practitioners to better serve students, families, schools and communities.

　　Union Theological Seminary »

　　Founded in 1836, Union has always embodied the freedom to learn and to teach, with a vision of education centered on academic excellence and personal faith. Union remains committed to that vision, as it responds to the changing needs of our city and world with an evolving understanding of what it means to be faithful.

　　公共卫生

　　梅尔曼公共卫生学院在超过85年时间里一直在公共卫生研究、教育和服务方面领先。公共卫生学院一地方优秀为基础，成为一种全球性的存在。凭借世界级的教员和有才能的个人多样的学生，公共卫生学院在不断推进知识，对当地和全球的改变发生着影响。

　　社会工作

　　社会工作学院已有110年历史，因其知识创造能力和在研究、教育和实地工作方面的领导能力而显得杰出。学院员工从事全球性的研究和服务项目，并他们的专业知识提供给学术界、政府和私人部门的领导。

　　教育学院

　　教育学院是美国最古老规模最大的研究生教育学院，一直以来在美国同类学院排名中均位列顶尖。在教育、卫生和心理学领域，教育学院对决策者和从业人员有巨大影响，足以推动他们更好地服务于学生、家庭、学校和社区。

　　协和神学院

　　协和神学院成立于1836年，一直以来都体现了学习和教学的自由，其教育理念集中在学术优秀和个人信念。学院一直忠于这个理念，在回应纽约市和世界变化需求的过程中对何为信念有着变革性的理解。

　　四、哥伦比亚大学校园设施

　　Columbia University Libraries

　　Columbia University Libraries is one of the top five academic research libraries in North America. The collections include over 13 million volumes, over 160,000 journals and serials, as well as extensive electronic resources, manuscripts, rare books, microforms, maps, and graphic and audio-visual materials. The Libraries employs more than 400 staff members and hosts over 4.7 million visitors each year.

　　Our library facilities offer gathering places to pursue scholarly research, to learn about and use information technology, to write, to study, and to draw on the rich collections of print and electronic resources. Our newly redesigned information discovery system, CLIO, provides a single point of service, integrating many previously disparate sources of information. Our Digital Centers, the Center for Digital Research and Scholarship and the Copyright Advisory Office focus on the purposeful use of technology in learning and teaching – on partnering with researchers and scholars to share new knowledge – and on addressing the relationship between copyright law and the work of the University.

　　It is our goal at the Libraries to provide excellent service to students and faculty that will advance their research, teaching, and learning and to support library users anytime and anywhere. The Libraries are moving in a number of exciting directions.

　　哥伦比亚大学图书馆

　　哥伦比亚大学图书馆是北美最顶尖的五个学术研究型图书馆之一，馆藏包括了超过1300万册书籍、16万以上期刊和连续出版物，以及大量的电子资源、手稿、稀有书籍、微缩印刷品、地图、图标和视听材料。哥伦比亚图书馆有400多名员工，每年吸引的游客超过470万人。

　　我们的图书馆提供聚集地，让人们在这里可以从事学术研究、学习和使用信息技术、写作、学习、利用这里丰富的纸质和电子资源。我们新设计的信息发掘系统CLIO提供一站式服务，综合了先前许多分散的资源信息。我们的数字中心“数字研究和学术中心”和版权咨询办公室专注于学习和教学技术的目的性使用，专注于与研究生和学者合作，共享新知识，以及解决著作权法和大学工作之间的关系。

　　图书馆的目标是为学生和教员提供优质服务，帮助促进他们的研究、教学和学习，随时随地为图书馆用户提供支持。图书馆正在朝诸多令人振奋的方向发展。

　　THE COLUMBIA GLOBAL CENTER

　　There are currently eight Columbia Global Centers operating in Amman, Beijing, Mumbai, Paris, Istanbul, Nairobi, Santiago and Rio de Janeiro. The centers encourage new relationships across schools, institutes, and academic departments at Columbia. Attuned to the priorities and unique circumstances of its host region, each center leverages the University’s diverse intellectual capacities from across the undergraduate, graduate and professional schools, and pursues a set of university-wide core activities that evolves over time based on the active engagement of faculty and students. The centers help increase international content in the classroom; supplement the curriculum with international study abroad, internship opportunities, and course offerings; provide resources needed to attract students from abroad; facilitate research opportunities for Columbia students and faculty on globally relevant, interdisciplinary topics; and provide a point of ongoing engagement for international alumni.

　　Functioning as a network, the global centers encourage teaching and research that require working across disciplinary boundaries, having a presence in multiple regions, and engaging non-Columbia experts and scholars from those regions. Some of the centers’ programs and research initiatives are country-specific, some regional, and an increasing number are multi-regional, even global. The network is in its infancy, and each center has started by building strong links with universities and institutions in its respective region. The long-term ambition is that many programs will have a global reach and involve multiple centers in the network engaged in truly global conversations.

　　哥伦比亚全球中心

　　目前，哥伦比亚大学在安曼、北京、孟买、巴黎、伊斯坦布尔、内罗毕、圣地亚哥和里约热内卢均有全球中心。这些全球中心鼓励在哥伦比亚大学各个学院。机构和学术部门之间建立新关系。为适应主办区的优先事项和独特条件，每个中心都发挥光杆作用，承担哥伦比亚大学本科、研究生和职业学院的多样化知识能力，展开一些列大学范围内核心活动。这些活动都是在教员和学生的积极参与下逐渐形成的。全球中心负责帮助丰富课堂的国际内容，以国际海外学习和实习机会丰富课程内容，提供有助于吸引海外学生的资源，为哥伦比亚学生和教员在全球相关跨学科课题上的研究提供便利，提供持续的国际校友参与。

　　这些全球中心发挥着类似于网络的作用，鼓励跨学科、多区域教学和研究，并吸引这些区域的专家和学者。全球中心的的课程和研究举措有些是针对国家的，有些是区域性的，更多的则是跨区域的，甚至是全球的。全球中心网络还处于初步阶段，每个中心先在各个的区域建立起与大学和机构的有力的联系。全球中心的长久目标是让多数课程覆盖全球，参与到多个全球中心的真正的全球对话中。

　　五、哥伦比亚大学著名校友

　　Since 1901, when the awards were first given, 82 Columbians—including alumni, faculty, adjunct faculty, researchers and administrators—have won a Nobel Prize at some point in their careers. These distinguished scientists, statesmen and authors have won prizes in every field in which an award is given. The University's current faculty includes eight Nobel laureates.

　　自从诺贝尔奖于1901年设立以来，哥伦比亚大学已有82人获奖，包括校友、教员、客座讲师、研究员和管理员。这些接触的科学家、政治家和作家已经获得了诺贝尔奖提供的各领域奖项。在哥伦比亚大学现在的教员中，有八人获奖。

　　诺贝尔奖得主

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