英国的诺丁汉大学于1881年创立，是英国入学竞争最激烈的大学之一，你是否想要申请呢?跟着出国留学网一起来了解下英国诺丁汉大学基本概况吧，欢迎阅读。
一、关于诺丁汉大学
“The University of Nottingham shares many of the characteristics of the world’s great universities. However, we are distinct not only in our key strengths but in how our many strengths combine: we are financially secure, campus based and comprehensive; we are research-led and recruit top students and staff from around the world; we are committed to internationalising all our core activities so our students can have a valuable and enjoyable experience that prepares them well for the rest of their intellectual, professional and personal lives.”The University is governed by two main bodies: Council and Senate. At the head of the University are the Chancellor, Sir Andrew Witty and Vice-Chancellor, Professor Sir David Greenaway.The University's administrative and support departments support the running of the University and contribute to its growth and success both nationally and internationally.Our vision for 2020，The University of Nottingham – an inspiring place of learning and scholarship that transforms lives through:Offering an outstanding, broad-based, international education to talented students.Developing skilled, reflective global citizens and leaders.Undertaking fundamental and transformative discovery.Being committed to excellence, enterprise and social responsibilitySustaining and improving the places and communities in which we are located.Being engaged internationally to enhance industry, health and well-being, policy formation, culture and purposeful citizenship.Our strategy,Our Global Strategy 2020 sets out goals and actions that target areas of challenge while laying the foundations for on-going success into the future. Informed by analysis, reflection and broad engagement we have determined we need to consolidate and enhance our position as a world-leading University and:Strengthen and enrich our core activities of Education and Research,Address the changing expectations of our studentsTarget investment in research strengths.Focus on enhancing quality.Continue to differentiate The University of Nottingham on the basis of an outstanding student experience and our distinct approach to internationalisation
“诺丁汉大学拥有世界上伟大的大学的许多特点。然而，我们不仅在我们的主要优势中发挥我们的力量，而且我们还懂得如何将优势结合在一起：我们的财务安全、校园和全面的因素， 我们是研究型的，招聘来自世界各地的顶尖学生和员工。我们致力于国际化我们所有的核心活动，使我们的学生有一个宝贵和愉快的经验，准备好他们的知识，专业和个人生活的其余部分。“大学由两个主要机构组成：理事会和参议院。大学校长是 校长安德鲁·威蒂爵士和 副校长，格林纳威爵士教授。大学的行政和支持部门支持大学的运作，为国家和国际的成长和成功作出贡献。我们2020年的愿景，诺丁汉大学 - 一个鼓舞人心的学习和奖学金，通过以下方式改变生活：为有才华的学生提供优秀，广泛的国际教育，培养具有技术，反思性的全球公民和领导者，进行根本和变革性发现、致力于追求卓越、企业和社会责任、维持和改善我们所在的地方和社区在国际上从事行业、健康和福祉、政策制定、文化和有目的的公民工作。我们的策略，我们的“2020年全球战略”规定了针对挑战领域的目标和行动，同时为今后的成功奠定基础。通过分析、反思、广泛参与，我们决定我们需要巩固和提升我们作为世界领先大学的地位，并：加强和丰富我们的教育和研究核心活动，满足学生不断变化的期望，目标投资研究优势，着力提升品质，在杰出的学生经验和我们独特的国际化方法的基础上继续发展诺丁汉大学。
二、历史沿革
1881 - Nottingham’s first civic college：Nottingham's first civic college was opened in the city centre in 1881, four years after the foundation stone was laid by former Prime Minister, W E Gladstone. An anonymous benefactor had offered £10,000 for a college on condition that a suitable building be erected by the Council and that the college should be provided with £4,000 a year.
1928 - The move to University Park：After the First World War, the college outgrew its original building. A generous gift by Sir Jesse Boot, of 35 acres of land at Highfields, presented the solution and in 1928 the College moved to what is now the main campus, University Park. Initially, it was accommodated in the elegant Trent Building and was officially opened by King George V in November of that year.Even in its early days on this site, the College attracted high profile visiting lecturers including Professor Albert Einstein, Mahatma Gandhi and H G Wells.
1948 – Becoming The University of Nottingham：In 1948, the college was awarded the Royal Charter and became The University of Nottingham, now able to award degrees in its own name. During this period the School of Agriculture was established when the Midland College of Agriculture at Sutton Bonington merged with the University.
The University of Nottingham continued to grow and still focuses on its development.The Medical School: In 1970 we established the UK’s first Medical School in the 20th century, and in 1995 the School of Nursing was formed following the merger of the Mid-Trent College of Nursing and Midwifery. In 2003 a new campus was opened in Derby City General HospitalJubilee Campus: The £50 million Jubilee Campus development opened in 1999 and subsequently phase two opened in March 2009. The campus has won numerous awards due to its environmentally-friendly featuresMalaysia Campus: The University opened a campus in Malaysia in 2000. Subsequently a new purpose-built park campus was opened in September 2005 in Semenyih, Malaysia, close to Kuala Lumpur International Airport.King’s Meadow Campus: In March 2005 The University opened the King’s Meadow Campus in the former Carlton Television Studios. The campus is home to many of The University’s administrative and support units, Manuscripts and Special Collections and two television studiosChina Campus: The University admitted its first students in the city of Ningbo, China in 2004, and the purpose-built campus was formally opened in February 2006, as part of a joint venture. The University then became the first foreign university to establish an independent campus in China.School of Veterinary Medicine and Science: The University of Nottingham officially opened the School of Veterinary Medicine and Science in April 2007 (having admitted its first students in September 2006). It was the first purpose-built new veterinary school to be opened in the UK in 50 years
1881年 - 诺丁汉成立第一所公民学院，诺丁汉首个公民学院在市中心开幕，四年后，前总理WE Gladstone奠基。一位匿名捐助者为一所大学提供了10,000英镑，条件是安理会建立了一个合适的建筑，每年应提供4,000英镑的学费。
1928年 - 搬到大学公园校区，第一次世界大战后，学院建造了原来的大楼。Highfields占地35英亩的杰西·伯爵爵士的慷慨捐赠提出了解决方案，1928年，学院搬到了现在的主校区大学园区。最初，它被容纳在优雅的特伦特大厦，并于当年11月由乔治五世国王正式开幕。即使在这个网站的早期，学院吸引了高调的访问讲师，包括爱因斯坦教授，圣雄甘地教授和HG威尔斯。
1948年 - 成为诺丁汉大学。
1948年，该学院被授予“皇家宪章”，并成为诺丁汉大学，现在可以以自己的名义颁发学位。在这个时期，农业学院成立时，萨顿·邦宁顿的米德兰农业学院 与大学合并。
持续增长：诺丁汉大学继续发展，仍然重点发展。医学院：1970年，我们在二十世纪建立了英国第一所医学院校，1995年，护理学院在中东护理与助产学院合并后组建。在2003年，在德比市总医院开设了一个新校区禧年校园：1999年开设了5000万英镑的禧年校园发展计划，随后在2009年3月开始第二阶段。由于环保特色，马来西亚校区校园赢得了无数奖项，大学于2000年在马来西亚开设了一所校园。随后于2005年9月在马来西亚的Semenyih开设了一个新的专用公园校园，靠近吉隆坡国际机场国王草甸校园：2005年3月，大学在前卡尔顿电视工作室开设了国王草地校园。校园内有许多大学的行政和支援单位，手稿和特别收藏以及两个电视室中国校区：2004年，中国宁波市大学校区录取了第一批学生，并于2006年2月 正式开业 ，作为合资企业的一部分。大学然后成为第一家在中国建立独立校园的外国大学。兽医与科学学院：诺丁汉大学于2007年4月正式开放兽医医学与科学学院(2006年9月获得第一批学生入学)。这是五十年来首个在英国开设的专门设立的新的兽医学校。
三、教研优势
1.概况
They will drive significant inward investment in to our internationally renowned research areas, and support our ambitious vision by increasing collaboration, strengthening networks and partnerships, attracting diverse funding, and raising the reputation of our world-leading research.Powerful, transdisciplinary discoveries can only be acheived as part of a vibrant research ecosystem. With the Beacons embedded into our research base, our resources will be more diverse and fertile than ever before.Our Beacons are just part of a significant investment in the resources, people, infrastructure and environment essential to delivering our world-leading discoveries.
诺丁汉大学将大力投入国际知名研究领域，通过加强合作，加强网络和合作伙伴关系，吸引不同的资金，提高世界领先研究的声誉，来支持我们雄心勃勃的愿景。强大的跨学科发现只能作为一个充满活力的研究生态系统的一部分。随着信标嵌入我们的研究基地，我们的资源将比以往任何时候都更加多元化和肥沃。我们的信标只是对提供世界领先发现所必需的资源，人员，基础设施和环境的重大投资的一部分。诺丁汉大学是一所研究型大学，拥有骄傲的传统，一直位列全球前百分之一。在诺丁汉大学学习是一个改变生活的经历，我们为解除我们44,000名学生的潜力感到自豪。诺丁汉被授予“2017年时报”和“星期日泰晤士好大学指南”的毕业生就读大学，获得金奖。在TEF 2017年和功能在所有的前20名三大UK排行榜。我们有开创性的精神，表达了我们创始人杰西·史密斯爵士的愿景，我们已经看到我们在中国和马来西亚建立校园，这是全球联系教育，研究和工业参与网络的一部分。根据2014的排名，我们在英国排名第八。我们有六个研究卓越的信标，有助于改变生活和改变世界; 我们也是本地和全球的主要雇主和行业合作伙伴。影响：诺丁汉运动是其最大规模的筹款活动，它正在实现大学改变生活，解决全球问题，塑造未来的愿景。
2.部分研究成果展示
Self-harm intervention vital part of suicide prevention
Self-harm intervention is a vital part of suicide prevention for young people in care according to recent research from experts at the University of Nottingham.In the UK and ROI, more than 6,000 people die by suicide a year - an average of 18 a day. The research is being highlighted as part of World Suicide Prevention Day on 10th September and has been led by Professor Ellen Townsend from the school of Psychology at the University of Nottingham.The research published in the British Journal of Clinical Psychology is the first detailed study of factors leading to self-harm over time in young people in care in England, using the Card Sort Task for Self-Harm (CaTS) to describe sequences of factors leading to the young person’s first and most recent episodes of self-harm. This process provides young people with tools to map out thoughts, feelings and behaviours on a timeline leading up to, and immediately after a self-harm event. These can then be used to open up conversations and help formulate possible ways to help.Self-harm intervention is a vital part of suicide prevention for young people in care according to recent research from experts at the University of Nottingham.In the UK and ROI, more than 6,000 people die by suicide a year - an average of 18 a day. The research is being highlighted as part of World Suicide Prevention Day on 10th September and has been led by Professor Ellen Townsend from the school of Psychology at the University of Nottingham.The research published in the British Journal of Clinical Psychology is the first detailed study of factors leading to self-harm over time in young people in care in England, using the Card Sort Task for Self-Harm (CaTS) to describe sequences of factors leading to the young person’s first and most recent episodes of self-harm. This process provides young people with tools to map out thoughts, feelings and behaviours on a timeline leading up to, and immediately after a self-harm event. These can then be used to open up conversations and help formulate possible ways to helpAnalysis of the results from the Card Sort Task showed that young people in care felt better immediately after their first episode of self-harm with feelings of depression and sadness, and having the access to the means to self-harm, cited as key factors leading to self-harm. It also showed that sequences of factors leading to self-harm can change and evolve over time. Crucially, feeling better after self-harm disappeared over time and feelings of self-hatred and not being afraid of death emerged.Regular monitoringThe conclusion was that regular monitoring and assessment of each self-harm episode are needed alongside support around easing and dealing with emotional distress.Professor Townsend explains how the research emphasises the need for self-harm intervention: “Self-harm is the strongest predictor of eventual suicide and each suicide significantly affects many other individuals. Looked-after young people are at particularly high risk of self-harmful behaviour yet there is sparse research targeting this group.“We know that talking about self-harm and suicide is extremely difficult, especially for those in care, which is where the CaTS system is very beneficial and would have clinical utility as an assessment tool as it provides a structured way to communicate and order thoughts and feelings in relation to self-harm. Providing effective support like this could make the vital difference for future positive outcomes and reduce incidences of self-harm and ultimately help prevent future suicide.”Dr Ruth Wadman who conducted the work in the field said: “Young people told us that they enjoyed doing the CaTS. It gave them a way to understand their own self-harm and communicate about it effectively.”
研究成果一：自我伤害干预是预防自杀的重要组成部分
根据诺丁汉大学最近的研究，自我伤害干预是防治青少年自杀的重要组成部分。在英国和投资回报率方面，每年有6000多人自杀死亡，平均每天有18人死亡。这项研究正在9月10 日被强调为世界预防自杀日的一部分，由诺丁汉大学心理学院的Ellen Townsend教授领衔。英国“临床心理学杂志”发表的研究是对英格兰青少年护理中导致自我伤害的因素进行的第一次详细研究，使用卡片分类任务进行自我伤害(CaTS)来描述引导因素的序列对年轻人的第一个也是最近的一次自我伤害事件。这个过程为年轻人提供了工具，用于在自我伤害事件之前和之后立即绘制思维，感觉和行为。这些可以用于开放对话，并帮助制定可能的方式来帮助。对“卡片排序”结果的分析表明，年轻人在第一次自我伤害感与抑郁与悲伤感觉之后立即感觉到更好，并获得了自我伤害的手段，被认为是领先的自我伤害 它还表明，导致自我伤害的因素序列随着时间的推移会发生变化和演化。至关重要的是，随着时间的推移，自我伤害感觉好转，自我仇恨的感觉和不怕死亡的感觉就出现了。定期监测，结论是，需要定期监测和评估每个自我伤害事件，同时支持放松和处理情绪困扰。汤森教授解释了研究如何强调自我伤害干预的必要性：“自我伤害是最终自杀的最强预测因素，每次自杀都对许多其他人造成重大影响。看好的年轻人处于特别高的自我有害行为的风险，但针对这个群体的研究很少。“我们知道，谈论自我伤害和自杀是非常困难的，特别是对于那些关心的人来说，CaTS系统是非常有益的，并且具有临床实用性作为评估工具，因为它提供了结构化的沟通和秩序思维方式以及与自我伤害有关的感觉。提供这样的有效支持可能会对未来的积极成果产生重要的影响，减少自我伤害的发生，并最终有助于防止未来的自杀。“在实地工作的露丝·瓦德曼博士说：“年轻人告诉我们，他们喜欢做CaTS。它给了他们一种了解自己的伤害和有效沟通的方法。“
A big difference between Asian and African elephants is diet
New research has shown that there are significant differences between the Asian and the African forest elephant – and it isn’t just about size and the shape of their ears. It is about what they eat and how they affect forest ecosystems. See video here.As megaherbivores and the largest of our land animals, elephants have a significant impact on their habitat. In Central Africa, forest elephants act as ecological filters by breaking tree saplings and stripping them of foliage. But we have much more to learn about the impact of elephants on Southeast Asian rainforests. And new research suggests that the Asian elephant is a daintier eater – preferring palms, grasses and bamboo to tree saplings.Experts from the University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus and a team from the University of Florida have been taking a closer look at the foraging impacts of the Asian elephant, and they’ve been puzzled by some of the results. Their research, ‘Foraging Impacts of Asian Magafauna on Tropical Rainforest Structure and Biodiversity’ is published Wednesday 30 August 2017, in the scientific journal Biotropica.The study was led by Professor John Terborgh, of the University of Florida, Gainesville, a pioneer and leading expert in tropical biology and conservation. The research took the team deep into Malaysia’s dense closed-canopy forests where thick vegetation normally precludes direct observation of elephants.Using traditional forest sampling techniques the team looked at forest structure, composition, and diversity in two Malaysian forests – the Royal Belum State Park which is home to 14 of the world’s most threatened species including the Asian elephant; and Krau Wildlife Reserve, where elephants have not roamed since 1993. The results were compared with results from African forests.In the two Malaysian rainforests, the team found clear differences in tree density, composition, and diversity. The density and diversity of tree saplings were higher in Krau where elephants are now absent. Palms, gingers, pandans and bamboos (monocots) were also more abundant. In Belum, however, monocots over a metre tall were virtually absent.Dr Ahimsa Campos-Arceiz, from the School of Environment and Geographical Sciences, and Principal Investigator of the Management & Ecology of Malaysian Elephants (MEME), said: “Our initial expectations were that Asian elephants would have similar impacts to those described for African forest elephants in Gabon where John Terborgh and Lisa Davenport have conducted previous work. However, our results show that Asian elephants have an important impact on forest dynamics but these impacts seem to be very different from the ones produced by African forest elephants.”The clearest difference was in monocot plants - palms, grasses, bamboo. These were found to be abundant where Asian elephants are scarce but rare where elephants are present. We also found some puzzling results in terms of tree scars - signs of elephant feeding - that suggest that elephants might not be eating tree saplings (small trees) as much as we assumed.Dr Campos-Arceiz said: “Asian elephants seem to be more interested in monocot plants, especially palms. These results have very interesting and important implications in terms of elephant ecological impact. Maybe this is the reason why Asian elephants do not seem to modify forest the way African elephants do. And human-elephant conflict is greater in Malaysia because we are planting palms which are the very food elephants love to eat. We are currently continuing this work through direct observations of elephant feeding in Malaysian rainforests.”
研究成果二：亚洲和非洲大象之间的巨大差异在于饮食
新研究表明，亚洲和非洲森林大象之间存在显着差异，而不仅仅是尺寸和耳朵形状。它是关于他们吃什么，以及它们如何影响森林生态系统。在这里看视频。作为megaherbivores和我们的最大的动物，大象对他们的栖息地有重大的影响。在中部非洲，森林大象通过打破树苗和剥离树叶作为生态过滤器。但是，我们还要了解大象对东南亚热带雨林的影响。而新的研究表明，亚洲大象是一个古老的食者 - 喜欢棕榈树，草和竹子树苗。来自马来西亚诺丁汉大学校园的专家和佛罗里达大学的小组一直在仔细观察亚洲大象的觅食影响，并对其中一些结果感到困惑。他们的研究“亚洲Magafauna对热带雨林结构和生物多样性的影响”发表于2017年8月30日星期三，在科学杂志Biotropica。该研究由佛罗里达大学，盖恩斯维尔大学教授John Terborgh领导，热带生物学和保护领域的先驱和领先专家。研究使团队深入马来西亚密集的封闭式森林，厚厚的植被通常排除直接观察大象。使用传统的森林采样技术，该团队考察了两个马来西亚森林的森林结构，组成和多样性 - 皇家贝鲁姆国家公园，其中有14个世界上受威胁最多的物种，包括亚洲大象; 和克劳野生动物保护区，大象自1993年以来没有漫游。将结果与非洲森林的结果进行了比较。在两个马来西亚热带雨林中，该团队发现树木密度，组成和多样性方面存在明显差异。克劳的树苗密度和多样性在大象现在不存在。棕榈，手指，野牛和竹子(单子叶植物)也更丰富。然而，在Belum，一米高的单子叶植物几乎不存在。来自环境与地理科学学院的Ahimsa Campos-Arceiz博士和马来西亚大象管理与生态学院首席调查员(MEME)表示：“我们最初的期望是，亚洲大象对与非洲森林描述类似的影响加蓬大象John Terborgh和Lisa Davenport进行了以前的工作。然而，我们的研究结果表明，亚洲大象对森林动态有重要影响，但这些影响似乎与非洲森林大象产生的影响截然不同。最明显的区别是单子叶植物 - 棕榈树，草，竹子。这些发现是丰富的，亚洲大象稀缺，但罕见的大象存在。我们还发现一些令人困惑的结果，就是树疤 - 大象喂养的迹象 - 这表明大象可能不会像我们假设的那样吃树苗(小树)。Campos-Arceiz博士说：“亚洲大象似乎对单子叶植物，特别是棕榈树更感兴趣。这些结果在大象生态影响方面具有非常有趣和重要的意义。也许这就是为什么亚洲大象似乎没有像非洲大象那样修改森林的原因。马来西亚的大象冲突更大，因为我们正在种植棕榈树，这是大象喜欢吃的食物。我们目前正在马来西亚热带雨林中直接观察大象喂养，继续这项工作。“
Yawning — why is it so contagious and why should it matter?
Feeling tired? Even if we aren’t tired, why do we yawn if someone else does? Experts at the University of Nottingham have published research that suggests the human propensity for contagious yawning is triggered automatically by primitive reflexes in the primary motor cortex — an area of the brain responsible for motor function.Their study — ‘A neural basis for contagious yawning’ — has been published in the academic journal Current Biology. It is another stage in their research into the underlying biology of neuropsychiatric disorders and their search for new methods of treatment.Their latest findings show that our ability to resist yawning when someone else near us yawns is limited. And our urge to yawn is increased if we are instructed to resist yawning. But, no matter how hard we try to stifle a yawn, it might change how we yawn but it won’t alter our propensity to yawn. Importantly, they have discovered that the urge to yawn — our propensity for contagious yawning — is individual to each one of us.Professor of Cognitive Neuroscience, in the School of Psychology, led the multidisciplinary study. He said: “We suggest that these findings may be particularly important in understanding further the association between motor excitability and the occurrence of echophenomena in a wide range of clinical conditions that have been linked to increased cortical excitability and/or decreased physiological inhibition such as epilepsy, dementia, autism, and Tourette syndrome.”Echophenomena isn’t just a human traitContagious yawning is triggered involuntarily when we observe another person yawn — it is a common form of echophenomena — the automatic imitation of another’s words (echolalia) or actions (echopraxia). And it’s not just humans who have a propensity for contagious yawning — chimpanzees and dogs do it too.Echophenomena can also be seen in a wide range of clinical conditions linked to increased cortical excitability and/or decreased physiological inhibition such as epilespsy, dementia, autism and Tourette syndrome.The neural basis for contagious yawning.The neural basis for echophenomena is unknown. To test the link between motor excitability and the neural basis for contagious yawning the Nottingham research team used transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). They recruited 36 adults to help with their study. These volunteers viewed video clips showing someone else yawning and were instructed to either resist yawning or to allow themselves to yawn.The participants were videoed throughout, and their yawns and stifled yawns were counted. In addition, the intensity of each participant’s perceived urge to yawn was continuously recorded.Using electrical stimulation they were also able to increase the urge to yawn.Georgina Jackson, Professor of Cognitive Neuropsychology in the Institute of Mental Health, said: “This research has shown that the ‘urge’ is increased by trying to stop yourself. Using electrical stimulation we were able to increase excitability and in doing so increase the propensity for contagious yawning. In Tourettes if we could reduce the excitability we might reduce the ticks and that’s what we are working on.”
研究成果三：打呵欠 - 为什么这么传染，为什么要这么重要?
感觉累了?即使我们不累，为什么别人打哈欠?诺丁汉大学的专家发表了研究报告，表明人类对传染性打呵欠的倾向是由主要运动皮层(脑部负责运动功能的区域)的原始反射自动触发的。他们的研究 - “传染性打呵欠的神经基础”已经在当代生物学杂志上发表。它是研究神经精神障碍的潜在生物学和寻找新的治疗方法的另一个阶段。他们的最新研究结果表明，当我们打呵欠的人有限时，我们抵制打呵欠的能力。如果我们被指示抵制打呵欠，我们打哈欠的冲动就会增加。但是，不管我们如何努力扼杀哈欠，可能会改变我们如何打哈欠，但不会改变我们打哈欠的倾向。重要的是，他们发现打哈欠的冲动 - 我们对传染性打呵欠的倾向 - 对我们每个人都是个人的。认知神经科学教授史蒂芬·杰克逊(Stephen Jackson)领导了多学科研究。他说：“我们建议，这些发现可能特别重要，以进一步了解与广泛的临床条件相关的运动兴奋性和发生现象之间的关联，这些临床病症与增加的皮层兴奋性和/或降低的生理抑制如癫痫有关，痴呆症，自闭症和Tourette综合征。“Echophenomena不仅仅是人的特质吗，当我们观察另一个人打呵欠时，传染性的打呵欠是不经意的触发 - 它是一种常见的生态现象 - 自动模仿另一个人的话(echolalia)或动作(echopraxia)。而不仅仅是人类有传染性打呵欠的倾向 - 黑猩猩和狗也是这样做的。也可以在与增加的皮质兴奋性和/或降低的生理抑制如癫痫，痴呆，自闭症和Tourette综合征相关的广泛临床条件下观察到Echophenomena。传染性打呵欠的神经基础，echophenomena的神经基础是未知的。为了测试运动兴奋性与传染性打呵欠的神经基础之间的联系，诺丁汉研究团队使用经颅磁刺激(TMS)。他们招募了36名成年人帮助学习。这些志愿者观看视频剪辑，显示其他人打呵欠，并被指示要抵制打呵欠或让自己打哈欠。参与者全程录像，打呵欠，打呵欠了打呵欠。另外，每个参与者觉得的打呵欠的冲动的强度不断被记录下来。使用电刺激，他们也可以增加打哈欠的冲动。心理健康研究所认知神经心理学教授乔治娜·杰克逊(Georgina Jackson)表示：“这项研究表明，试图阻止自己的”冲动“是增加的。使用电刺激，我们能够增加兴奋性，并且这样做增加了传染性打呵欠的倾向。在Tourettes，如果我们可以减少兴奋度，我们可能会减少蜱虫，这就是我们正在开展的工作。“寻求个性化治疗，TMS用于量化每个参与者的运动皮层兴奋性和生理抑制，并预测所有志愿者的传染性打呵欠的倾向。TMS测量被证明是传染性打呵欠的重要预测因素，并证明每个人的传染性打呵欠倾向由主要运动cortext的皮层兴奋性和生理抑制决定。研究由ESFR博士生培训奖授予Beverley Brown，并且是诺丁汉新生物医学研究中心(BRC)领导研究心理健康技术的一部分，其目的是利用脑成像技术来了解神经调制如何运作。史蒂芬杰克逊教授说：“如果我们能够理解皮层兴奋性的改变如何引起神经紊乱，我们可能会扭转它们。我们正在寻找潜在的非药物，个性化治疗，使用可能有助于调节脑网络失衡的TMS。“这项最新的研究是在发表他们的研究“ 关于行动的行动的功能解剖学 ”之后发表的，该研究着眼于与被认为是行动的冲动的身体感觉相关的几种常见的神经精神障碍。
四、校园环境
1.各个校区基本概况
The campus and its facilities：University Park is The University of Nottingham’s largest campus at 300 acres. Part of the University since 1929, the campus is widely regarded as one of the largest and most attractive in the country.Set in extensive greenery and around a lake, University Park is the focus of life for students, staff and visitors. Conveniently located only two miles from the city centre, the campus contains:
period buildings：modern state-of-the-art teaching and research facilities.12 halls of residence (accommodating over 3,000 students),several award-winning buildings.a conference and exhibition centre,sports facilities,the Lakeside Arts Centre
The hub of student life is the Portland Building, which houses the Students' Union, the Student Support Centre, as well as shops, banks, bars and restaurants.Green Flag grounds, walks and garden guides
The local community are welcome to enjoy the walks, parks and gardens in the University’s landscaped settings which feature:long-established woodland,contemporary gardens,the Millennium Garden - a quiet, reflective place in which to escape the hustle and bustle of campus life,The campus has been a Civic Trust Green Flag Award Winner every year since 2003 – the only university campus to achieve this status.
Recent developments:Development of the Engineering and Science Library which will incorporate the existing George Green Library is due to complete in Summer 2015.In 2011, three new teaching and learning facilities opened on University Park: Humanities Building, Mathematics Building and Engineering and Science Learning Centre.In November 2012, a 200-bed hotel, "The Orchard", adjacent to the East Midlands Conference Centre opened its doors.
公园校区：校园及其设施：大学公园是诺丁汉大学最大的校园，占地300英亩。自1929年以来的大学部分，校园被广泛认为是全国规模最大，最具吸引力的校园之一。大学公园位于广阔的绿地和湖泊周围，是学生，工作人员和游客的生活焦点。交通便利，距离市中心只有两英里，校园内包含：期间建筑物、现代化的最先进的教学和研究设施、12个住宅(容纳3000多名学生)、几个屡获殊荣的大楼、一个会议和展览中心、体育设施、在湖滨艺术中心、学生生活中心是波特兰大学其中包括学生会，学生支援中心以及商店，银行，酒吧和餐馆、绿旗地，散步和花园导游。
欢迎当地社区享受大学景观设计中的散步，公园和花园，其特点是：悠久的林地、当代花园、千年花园 - 一个安静，反光的地方，以逃避喧嚣的校园生活、校园自2003年以来一直是公民信任绿旗奖获得者，这是唯一获得这一地位的大学校园。
最近的发展：将加入现有乔治绿色图书馆的工程科学图书馆的发展工作将于2015年夏季完成。2011年，大学公园开设了三个新的教学设施：人文大厦，数学建筑与工程与科学学习中心。2012年11月，毗邻东米德兰兹会议中心的 一个200平方米的酒店 “The Orchard” 即将开放。
Jubilee Campus
The campus and its facilities：The Jubilee Campus is a modern purpose-built campus which now extends to 65 acres and is located only one mile from University Park. The initial phase was opened by Her Majesty the Queen in 1999. The state-of-the-art facilities now include:the Schools of Education (including CELE) and Computer Science,The Nottingham University Business School,The National College for Leadership of Schools and Children's Services,a Sports Centre,University of Nottingham Innovation Park,4000 third party purpose-built student residences within half a mile radius of the campus,The University of Nottingham
Maps and directions Sustainability:Built on a site that previously had industrial use, Jubilee Campus is an exemplar of brownfield regeneration and has impeccable green credentials.An important feature of the campus is the series of lakes which, as well as being home to a variety of wildlife, provide storm water attenuation and cooling for the buildings.Less visible - but equally important to the sustainable and environmental credentials of the campus – are the:roofs covered by low-growing alpine plants which help insulate and maintain steady temperatures within the buildings throughout the yearheat recovery mechanical ventilation systemslighting sensors to reduce energy consumption.photovoltaic cells integrated into the atrium roofs.lake source heating and cooling systems.biomass boiler installation.maximised use of passive ventilation engineering.
Awards,The environmentally-friendly nature of the campus and its buildings have been a big factor in the awards that it has received, including:the Millennium Marque Award for Environmental Excellence,the British Construction Industry Building Project of the Year,the Royal Institute of British Architects (RIBA) Journal Sustainability Award,the Civic Trust Award for Sustainability.Lord Mayor's Award for Urban Design,The Jubilee Campus also won international praise with the Energy Globe Award.
禧校园：
校园及其设施：禧年校园是现代化的专用校园，现已扩建至65亩，距离大学公园仅一英里。最初的阶段由女王陛下在1999年开放。现有的最先进的设施包括：学校教育(包括CELE)和计算机科学、在诺丁汉大学商学院、国立学校和儿童服务学院、体育中心、诺丁汉创新园大学、在校园半英里范围内的4000名第三方专用学生宿舍。
地图和路线，可持续发展：建立在以前有工业用途的网站上，禧年校园是棕色再生的典范，拥有无可挑剔的绿色资质。校园的一个重要特征就是一系列的湖泊，以及各种野生动物的家园，为建筑物提供雨水。对校园的可持续和环境认证来说，不太可见 - 但同样重要的是：屋顶由低生长的高山植物覆盖，有助于全年保温和保持建筑物内的温度稳定、热回收机械通风系统、照明传感器降低能耗、光伏电池集成到中庭屋顶、湖源加热和冷却系统、生物质锅炉安装、被动通风工程的最大化使用
奖项：校园及其建筑物的环保性质是其获得的奖项的一个重要因素包括：千年马克环境卓越奖、英国建筑业年度建筑工程、皇家英国建筑师学会(RIBA)日刊可持续发展奖、公民信任可持续发展奖市长城市设计奖、禧年校园也获得了能源地球奖的国际赞誉。
Sutton Bonington Campus
Location and facilities:The Sutton Bonington Campus is 10 miles south of University Park on the border of Nottinghamshire and Leicestershire.Its countryside location makes an ideal home for the School of Biosciences and the University's new School of Veterinary Medicine and Science.There are excellent road, rail and air links to the rest of the UK and overseas.5 miles (7km) from East Midlands Airport, with regular flights to mainland Europe3 miles (5km) from mainline East Midlands Parkway railway station at Ratcliffe-on-Soar with direct links to London (90 minutes), Nottingham, Derby, Lincoln, Leicester and Sheffield2 miles (3km) from Junction 24 of M1 motorway (access to UK’s major road network).The 100 acre campus is amply equipped with,state-of-the-art teaching and research facilities,the James Cameron-Gifford Library,student residences ─ over 700 on campus student bedrooms,a new sports centre,retail and catering outlets
The School of Veterinary Medicine and Science was launched in 2006, in new purpose-built facilities ─ a landmark as the UK's first new Vet School since the 1950s.School of BiosciencesOriginally established in the 1900s as an agricultural college, the School has grown radically into today's internationally renowned centre for cutting edge research in five Divisions:Animal Sciences,Food Sciences,Plant and Crop Sciences,Nutritional Sciences.Agricultural and Environmental Sciences.Landscaping,The campus enjoys a mature landscaped setting including an arboretum and a lime avenue, originally planted to commemorate those lost in the First World War and said to have a 'Queen's Shilling' buried under every tree.Developments,A new Masterplan for the campus was commissioned in 2008 and will provide a framework for the future development of the campus. As part of this, two new teaching and research buildings opened in 2011: Gateway Building and BioEnergy and Brewing Science Building.Sutton Bonington is just a 25 minute car journey from the University Park Campus and a shuttle-bus service runs between the two campuses regularly during the day.
萨顿·邦宁顿校区
位置和设施：萨顿邦宁顿校区距离诺丁汉郡和莱斯特郡边界的大学公园以南10英里。它的乡村位置是生物科学学院和大学新的兽医学和科学学院的理想之地。有很好的公路，铁路和空中连接到英国和海外的其他地方。距离东米德兰兹机场5英里(7公里)，定时航班到欧洲大陆。距离主干线East Midlands Parkway火车站3公里(5公里)，在Ratcliffe-on-Soar直达伦敦(90分钟)，诺丁汉，德比，林肯，莱斯特和谢菲尔德距M1高速公路的24号交界处2英里(3公里)(进入英国的主要道路网)100英亩的校园装备有：最先进的教学和研究设施、詹姆斯·卡梅隆 - 吉福德图书馆、学生宿舍 - 校园学生卧室700多个、一个新的体育中心、零售和餐饮店
2.图书馆
Libraries：The University of Nottingham boasts 10 libraries across its UK and international campuses. Together they provide access to over one million books and journals and more than three million manuscripts. We have one of the most heavily-used electronic collections in the UK, including ebooks, ejournals and databases.
Library facilities include:traditional silent reading areas,designated and bookable areas for group study,refreshment areas,Four of the University’s largest libraries provide some of the most technologically advanced flexible learning facilities in Europe.Membership
Membership is open to:University staff and students,the public,corporate groups,University Park Campus,The University Park Campus houses the Hallward Library, the George Green Library and the Denis Arnold Music Library..Hallward Library is considered to be one of the UK’s finest library buildings. Its four floors house the arts, humanities, law and social sciences collections.George Green Library of Science and Engineering has collections of biological and pure sciences, engineering and psychology, housed in a new building from 2015.Denis Arnold Music Library in the Lakeside Arts Centre has an extensive collection of musical scores and sound recordings covering classical, ethnic and 20th century classical music.
Jubilee Campus:The Jubilee Campus has two librariesDjanogly Learning Resource Centre
Business Library:Between them they serve the needs of the School of Education, the School of Computing Science and the Business School.
Greenfield Medical Library,The Greenfield Medical Library, located in the Medical School, has a collection of biomedical, nursing and healthcare books and periodicals used by:staff and students of the University,staff of University Hospital,staff of local NHS Trusts.James Cameron-Gifford LibraryThe James Cameron-Gifford Library on the Sutton Bonington Campus holds materials on applied biosciences, veterinary medicine and science.
King’s Meadow Campus:The campus is home to the University’s Manuscripts and Special Collections, including extensive archives, rare books and the local studies East Midlands Collection.
诺丁汉大学在英国和国际校区拥有10个图书馆。他们一起提供了超过一百万本书籍和超过三百万份手稿。我们拥有英国最广泛使用的电子收藏之一，包括电子书，电子期刊和数据库。
图书馆设施包括：传统无声阅读区、指定和可预订的小组学习领域、茶点区域、四所大学最大的图书馆在欧洲提供了一些技术最先进的灵活学习设施。
会员资格：大学工作人员和学生、公众、企业集团。大学公园校区，大学公园校区设有霍尔霍夫图书馆，乔治绿色图书馆和丹尼斯·阿诺德音乐图书馆。Hallward图书馆被认为是英国最好的图书馆建筑之一。其四层楼设有艺术，人文，法律和社会科学系列。乔治绿色科学与工程图书馆收集了生物和纯科学，工程和心理学，并于2015年建成一座新建筑。湖畔艺术中心的丹尼斯·阿诺德音乐图书馆拥有丰富的音乐成绩和录音，涵盖古典，民族和20世纪古典音乐等等。
禧校园，禧年校园有两个图书馆：Djanogly学习资源中心、商业图书馆、在他们之间，他们服务于教育学院，计算机科学学院和商学院的需求。绿地医学图书馆，位于医学院的Greenfield医学图书馆收集了以下各项的生物医学，护理和保健书籍和期刊：大学的工作人员、学生大学医院职员、当地NHS信托基金的工作人员。詹姆斯·卡梅隆 - 吉福德图书馆，萨顿·邦宁顿校区的詹姆斯·卡梅伦 - 吉福德图书馆拥有应用生物科学，兽医学和科学的材料。
国王草甸校园：校园是大学手稿和特别收藏的所在地，包括广泛的档案馆，稀有的书籍和当地研究东米德兰兹的收藏。
五、杰出校友
Famous graduates
“One of the markers of a great university is the quality of its alumni. We have a very large community of successful alumni, playing leading roles in education, business and the business sector and of course, it is a genuinely multinational community.”
Professor David Greenaway, Vice-Chancellor
From Nobel prize winners to Olympic gold medallists, leading edge scientists, international politicians, journalists, novelists and actresses, Nottingham’s alumni continue to make significant contributions in their chosen fields all over the world.
Of course, Nottingham's most famous former student is novelist DH Lawrence. For more information, visit the DH Lawrence website.
More recent noteworthy graduates include:
Dr Stewart Adams OBE, Pharmacologist, created the painkiller Ibuprofen
Dato Seri Najib Razak is the Prime Minister of Malaysia
Tim Martin is the founder and chairman of JD Wetherspoon
Dr Amanda Horton-Mastin is Director of Innovation at Comic Relief
Sir John Sawers is the head of MI6
Andrew Witty is the Chief Executive of GlaxoSmithKline
Nobel winners
2003 saw The University of Nottingham gain recognition with two major awards:
Alumnus Sir Clive Granger won the 2003 Nobel Prize for Economic Science
staff member and Emeritus Professor, Sir Peter Mansfield, won his for pioneering work in developing Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Arts and the media
Nottingham Alumni have also been active in the arts and media. Former University of Nottingham students include:
Ruth Wilson, actress - nominated for BAFTAs and Golden Globe Awards for her portrayal as Jane Eyre in the BBC mini series
Haydn Gwynne, actress - well known for her roles on the stage and TV
Helen Willetts - meteorologist and broadcaster
Jim Moir – Head of BBC Radio 2
Matthew Bannister - broadcaster and former BBC Head of Production
Jeff Randall - the BBC’s former Business Editor and now presenter of Jeff Randall Live on Sky News
Nottingham alumni have been active in media ownership.
Sir Robert Phillis is former Chief Executive of the Guardian Media Group and Deputy Director-General of the BBC
Sports
London 2012 saw the University continue its strong Olympic tradition, with Nottingham alumni picking up five medals in the competition.
Canoe experts Etienne Stott and Tim Baillie took Great Britain’s first Olympic golds in Mens Slalom C-2
David Florence won a silver medal in the Mens Slalom C-2
Chris Bartley took silver as part of his team in the Men’s lightweight coxless four Rowing event
Anne Panter was a Bronze medal winner as part of the Women’s Field Hockey squad
These medallists head an amazing list of sporting alumni elite which includes:
Beijing Olympic gold and bronze medalist, sprint kayaker, Tim Brabants
Deng Yaping - former international table tennis champion and Chinese Sports Personality of the Century
Campbell Walsh - former World canoeing champion
Dr Kristan Bromley - former World and European bobsled champion
Brian Moore - former England and Lions hooker
Roger Lewis - Group Chief Executive of the Welsh Rugby Union
著名毕业生
“一所伟大的大学的标志之一就是校友的素质。我们有一个非常大的成功校友社区，在教育，商业和商业领域发挥主导作用，当然这也是一个真正的跨国社区。“校长David Greenaway教授从诺贝尔奖得主到奥运金牌得主、前沿科学家、国际政界人士、记者、小说家和女演员，诺丁汉的校友在全球选定的领域继续做出重大贡献。然而，诺丁汉最著名的前学生是小说家DH劳伦斯。欲了解更多信息，请访问DH劳伦斯网站。
1.最近值得注意的毕业生包括：
药理学家Stewart Adams OBE博士创建了止痛药布洛芬。
达托·塞里·纳吉卜·拉扎克是马来西亚总理。
蒂姆·马丁是JD Wetherspoon的创始人和董事长。
Amanda Horton-Mastin博士是漫画救济创新总监。
约翰·萨尔斯爵士是军情六处的负责人。
Andrew Witty是葛兰素史克公司的行政总裁。
2.诺贝尔奖得主
2003年，诺丁汉大学获得两项重大奖项：校友克莱夫·格兰杰爵士，获得2003年诺贝尔经济学奖。教授彼得·曼斯菲尔德爵士，工作人员和名誉赢得了他在开发磁共振成像方面的开创性工作。
3.艺术和媒体相关人士
诺丁汉校友也积极参与艺术和媒体活动。前诺丁汉大学的学生包括：
露丝威尔逊，女演员 - 提名BAFTAs和金球奖为她的描写作为简爱尔在BBC迷你系列。
海顿Gwynne，女演员 - 以她在舞台和电视上的角色而闻名。
Helen Willetts - 气象学家和广播公司。
Jim Moir - BBC Radio 2的负责人。
马修·班尼斯特(Matthew Bannister) - 广播公司和前BBC生产总监。
杰夫·兰德尔(Jeff Randall) - 英国广播公司的前商业编辑，现在的杰夫·兰德尔(Jeff Randall)的演讲人，曾在Sky News上播放。诺丁汉校友一直活跃于媒体所有权。
霍利克阁下是联合新闻媒体的前CEO。
罗伯特·菲利斯爵士是卫报传媒集团前总裁兼英国广播公司副总监。
4.体育相关人士
2012年伦敦，大学继续坚强的奥林匹克传统，诺丁汉校友在比赛中获得了五枚奖牌。
独木舟专家Etienne Stott和Tim Baillie在男子斯洛伐克C-2中夺取了英国首个奥运金牌。
大卫·佛罗伦萨在男子滑板C-2中获得了银牌。
克里斯·巴特利(Chris Bartley)在男子轻量级的四轮赛事中夺取了银牌。
安妮·潘特(Anne Panter)是女子冰球队的一部分，获得铜牌。
这些获奖者获得了令人惊异的体育校友精英名单，其中包括：
北京奥运金牌和铜牌，冲刺皮划艇手 Tim Brabants。
邓亚平 - 前国际乒乓球冠军和世纪中国体育人物。
坎贝尔·沃尔什 - 前世界独木舟冠军。
克里斯蒂安·布罗姆利博士(Kristan Bromley)博士 - 前世界和欧洲的雪橇冠军。
罗杰·刘易斯 - 威尔士橄榄球联盟集团。
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