商业计划书英文范本

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  商业计划书英文范本

  BUSINESS PLAN TEMPLATE

  BUSINESS PLAN

  [My Company]

  123 Main Street

  Anytown, USA 10000

  123-4567

  [Your Name]

  [DATE]

  TABLE OF CONTENTS

  Executive Summary 1

  Management 1

  [Company] History 1

  [Product/Service] Description 1

  Objectives 1

  Competitors 1

  Competitive Advantages 1

  Innovation 1

  Pricing 1

  Specific Markets 1

  Growth Strategy 1

  Market Size and Share 1

  Targeting New Markets 1

  Location 1

  Manufacturing Plan 1

  Research & Development 1

  Historical Financial Data 1

  Proforma Financial Data 1

  Proforma Balance Sheet 1

  Cost Control 1

  Effects of Loan or Investment 1

  Attachments 1

  Executive Summary

  [My Company] was formed as a [proprietorship, partnership, corporation] in  [Month, Year] in [City, State], by [John Doe] in response to the following  market conditions:

  [Startup, growth] opportunities exist in [Product/Service].

  The need for use of efficient distribution and financial methods in these  overlooked markets.

  [I/We] have several customers who are willing to place large  [orders,contracts] within the next three months.

  Several other prospective [customers/clients] have expressed serious  interest in doing business within six months.

  [I/We] previously owned a company that was active in the widget markets.  Over the past few years I spent much time studying ways to improve overall  performance and increase profits. This plan is a result of that study.

  The basic components of this plan are:

  Competitive pricing

  Expand the markets

  Increased advertising

  Lower our unit costs,

  Thereby achieving higher profits.

  Sign contracts

  Increased advertising

  Increase office staff

  To this end, [I/we] need investment from private individuals and/or  companies. A total of $XXX is being raised which will be used to finance working  capital, plant and equipment. The company will be incorporated and common stock  issued to investors. The company will be run as a [proprietorship, partnership,  corporation].

  Financial Goals


Year  1

Year  2

Year  3

Sales

$1,000,000

$1,400,000

$1,600,000

Net  Income

$25,000

$250,000

$375,000

Earnings  per share

.01

.12

.14

  Management

  [Name]

  [Title]

  [Experience]

  Sales growth from zero to $1,000,000 in five years.

  Led market in market share - 30%.

  Formulated advertising budgets & campaigns.

  Pioneered new distribution channels.

  Established national sales force.

  Established national repair & service centers.

  Brought new and innovative products to the market.

  Designed point-of-purchase materials.

  [Education}

  University of Boston

  Boston, MA

  B.A. - Computer Sciences

  Short Biographies

  President

  John Q. Doe, Chief Executive Officer, and Director since February 1988 and  President since January 1990. Mr. Doe was the founder and Chief Executive  Officer of the original operating company known as Random Excess, Inc. He has  had experience in the widget field with his own firm, John Doe Co., of Oshkosh  (Wisconsin), from 1980 to 1987. This firm was sold to FatCat Widgets, Inc. in  1987. Mr. Doe has held a sales position with U S West Inc. since then. Mr. Doe  graduated from the University of Colorado in 1981 with a bachelor’s degree in  philosophy. Mr. Doe is employed by the Company on a full-time basis.

  Chief Financial Officer

  Richard Roe, CPA, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Director. Mr. Roe  joined Random Excess, Inc. in December 1988 as a corporate controller and was  named Chief Financial Officer in July 1989. Mr. Roe was appointed Treasurer and  a Director in July 1990. He served as corporate controller of XYZ Lumber Company  from August 1981 to December 1988. Mr. Roe graduated from Metropolitan State  College in Denver, Colorado in 1976 with a bachelor’s degree in accounting.  Since 1979 he has been licensed as a Certified Public Accountant in the State of  Colorado and is a member of the American Institute of Certified Public  Accountants. Mr. Roe is employed by the Company on a full-time basis.

  Vice President

  Joe Dokes, Secretary, Executive Vice President and Director. Mr. Dokes  supervises the company’s sales and implementations to its largest corporate  customers, including US West, Great West Life Insurance, etc. Mr. Dokes has  served as Secretary and a Director since February 1988, Vice President of  Operations from February 1988 to December 1988, President of the Company from  December 1988 to January 1990 and Vice President of Contract Sales since January  1990. He has been involved since 1986 with the private company originally formed  as Random Excess, Inc., where his duties included managing the purchasing and  sales department. From November 1984 to May 1986 he managed the sales department  at Integrated Management Systems, Inc. From June 1983 to October 1984 he was a  buyer for Adams County, Colorado, School District 50. Mr. Dokes attended  Oklahoma State University in 1980 and 1981 and Trinidad State College in  Trinidad, Colorado in 1981 and 1982. He did not receive a degree from either  university. Mr. Dokes is employed by the Company on a full-time basis.

  Vice President

  Sally Seaugh Vice President of Marketing. Ms. Seaugh has been the Company’s  Vice President of Marketing since November 1988. From September 1986 to October  1988 she was involved in business development and marketing for United Bank of  Aurora (Colorado). From February 1980 to August 1986 she was self-employed as an  independent oil and gas landman. Ms. Seaugh graduated from the University of  Denver in 1974 with a bachelor’s degree in Education. She is employed by the  Company on a full-time basis.

  Responsibilities

  John Q. Doe, Chief Executive Officer - Responsible for entire operation.  Oversees management function and all other executives.

  Salary - $60,000.

  Richard Roe, CPA, Chief Financial Officer - Responsible for financial  operations, accounts payable, accounts receivable, interaction with auditors,  investor relations. Salary - $40,000

  Joe Dokes, Executive Vice President - Responsible primarily for sales and  sales support.

  Salary - $35,000

  Sally Seaugh Vice President of Marketing. Responsible for marketing, human  resources and training.

  Salary - $30,000.

  Total Executive Compensation

  $165,000.

  [This Page is for an Organization Chart, if applicable.]

  [Company] History

  In [Month, Year] [I/we] formed a [Product/Service] company that  manufactured start-of-the-art complex widgetry. This company was located in  [City, State]. [I/we] formed this company as a [proprietorship, partnership,  corporation]. Others involved in this business were: [names].

  The main goal of this company was to [explain].

  Financing was arranged through [home equity loans, savings, venture  capital, friends and family, etc.] [Explain terms, rates and ability to  repay.]

  This venture was very successful in generating and increasing sales, but  was not effective in achieving profitability. The main reason for this was the  amount of actual overhead experienced. This overhead was not initially  anticipated by me at the beginning of that venture. Items including credit  checking, warranty program management, extensive travel, maintaining warehouse  stock and the management and expense of a national sales force were expenses not  originally forecast or expected. With this level of overhead, it was  mathematically impossible to achieve profitability.

  or:

  This venture was very successful in generating and increasing sales, as  well as effective in achieving profitability. This was due to the following  reasons:

  [Reason 1}

  [Reason 2]

  [Reason 3]

  OR:

  [My Company] was recently conceived and is still in the beginning stages.  To this point the following has been accomplished:

  A team consisting of [list names and primary responsibility. (i.e John Doe  - Marketing) has been formed.

  A prospective [customer/client] list has been drawn up.

  Strategy meetings are being held every Monday, Wednesday and Friday  evenings.

  This business plan has been drawn up.

  [Now link the past to the future - why a former company will lead into this  one or how your present company and history will lead into any future plans. A  short paragraph should suffice.]

  We are now able to adequately address the markets we have targeted. We have  adjusted our staff, redirected our advertising and sales force, and have added  the products necessary to meet the needs and expectations of our customers.

  [Product/Service] Description

  [My Company] intends to offer [product/service]. This [product/service]  offers our customers the best possible solution as it:

  Offers the lowest price on the market

  Is the most technically advanced

  Offers more useful features

  Saves them time and money

  Offers our users better value per dollar spent

  Provides an alternative way to achieve a similar task.

  Provides a service which is not presently available in this area.

  Is strengthened by a team with combined experience of XX years.

  Saves them time and money

  Provides an alternative, cost effective way for them to realize a similar  goal.

  We have a [copyright, service mark, trademark] or [exclusive agency,  marketing rights] for this [product/service]. This agency will last until XXX at  which time it may be extended for XX years or terminated. This agency agreement  is cancelable upon XX days written notice.

  The [product/service] has a useful life of XX years. To distribute this  product so that it remains usable for our customers, we must use the following  methods of storage and transportation:

  Overnight delivery

  Cold storage

  Incorporate preservatives

  Shipment within two weeks to distributors.

  Specially padded boxcars.

  Even though the technology used to create this product is new, we expect  that others will be able to substantially reproduce our patented results within  XX years. To remain on the leading edge of this product, we will need to devote  approximately XX% of revenues toward research and development. Also due to the  fast changing nature of this industry, we will need to retrofit these machines  within XX years at customer expense. Our manufacturing plan has considered  this.

  [If general service to be offered is not obvious, such as carpet cleaning,  sales rep, lawn care, consulting, etc. explain what service is. Then give a  detailed description of your particular service and its uniqueness.]

  Short Examples:

  1. Our carpet cleaning machinery is state-of-the-art.

  2. Our consulting practice will address these specialized areas: [list]

  3. We will only rep these specific product lines. [list]

  Even though at this time our expertise is unique in the marketplace, we  expect advances to be made and competitors to arise and offer similar services.  We will meet this challenge by:

  Hiring staff specialized in these new areas.

  Increase our continuing education and training expense.

  Adding complementary lines.

  Make regular investments in new equipment.

  Objectives

  Long Term

  [My Company] believes very strongly in technical, financial, business and  moral excellence. To secure a stable future for all those connected with [My  Company] we have set the following long term goals:

  Present market is estimated at $XXX. Our goal for market share is XX%.

  We want to be considered by our peers to be the market leader in sales as  evidenced by:

  Trade industry awards

  High end of scale in financial ratios

  Major market share

  Technical excellence (awards, honors, etc.)

  Community involvement (Rotary, United Way, etc.)

  Short Term

  Market share goals -

  First Year XX%

  Second Year XX%

  Third Year XX%

  Fourth Year XX%

  [Decrease, Maintain] costs through acquisition of new plant and equipment.  Increase productivity by investing in employee training and education.

  Budget for complete computer training for appropriate applications.

  Set up, Maintain] employee benefit program for continuing college  education.

  Budget for necessary seminars and/or continuing job-specific education.

  Maintain state-of-the-art accounting system for careful tracking.

  Monthly reports on financial status vis-a-vis the industry.

  Aggressive recruitment of the best technical staff in the industry.

  Support company involvement in various local and national charity  events.

  Competitors

  Name

  Address

  City, State

  Strengths:

  Location - next door to supplier factory, on major artery, close to  terminal, etc.

  Pricing - Low cost producer, known for aggressive pricing policy.

  Delivery - ships overnight to anywhere in the world.

  Management - Everyone has an MBA from Harvard.

  Weaknesses

  Service - takes more than 3 months to receive spare parts.

  Dedication - If it’s sunny, they’re on the golf course or ski slope.

  Machinery - Slowly approaching obsolescence unless replaced within six  months.

  Overhead - Spend lavishly on corporate dining room, limousines and  champagne.

  Competitive Advantages

  The distinctive competitive advantages which [My Company] brings to this  market are:

  Experience in this market. [I/we] have XXX years of hands-on experience in  this industry.

  Sophistication in finance and distribution. This results in my being the  low cost supplier in these price sensitive markets.

  The philosophy of [My Company] is to price not just according to our costs,  but also according to what the market will pay.

  Our targeted minimum gross profit margin for a category must be XX%.

  By pricing to the market, [I/we] will achieve higher sales and therefore  increase my buying power. As the amounts of my purchases increase, my per unit  costs of shipping decrease and [I/we] will achieve higher discount levels from  my suppliers. Through these economies of scale, many items currently on the  market can be sold with lower prices, yet a higher net profit.

  Product pricing will include a range of quantity discounts as well as an  early payment discount.

  Rather than being strictly regional, [I/we] will expand into the national  market.

  To control foreign exchange risks, [I/we] will monitor the markets and  hedge accordingly. [I/we] will also use overseas bank accounts.

  With those companies with which [I/we] have established a relationship or  are known to be financially secure, [I/we] will work on a pre-pay basis. This  allows me greater discounts.

  A level and policy of Capitalization that will allow me to fully address  the respective markets with comprehensive marketing and customer service  plans.

  By keeping my overhead low, [I/we] will be able to funnel my profits back  into operations thus avoiding high debt ratios or lost sales opportunities.

  A quarterly direct mail campaign directed at both current customers and  prospective new customers consisting of an informative newsletter.

  A toll-free national 800 number will be used for customer orders and  inquiries.

  [I/we] will print complete four-color catalogs on a yearly basis. Price  lists will be updated as needed. [I/we] intend to be aggressive in trade  magazine advertising.

  Consideration will also be given to attending trade shows around the  country.

  With this level of capitalization, should an unexpected downturn occur,  [I/we] will be able to continue operations on a positive scale.

  Innovation. [I/we] have a history of innovative ideas.

  [List your most meaningful ideas and any new ideas you have for the  future.]

  The distinctive competitive advantages which [My Company] brings to this  market are:

  Experience in this market. [I/we] have XX years of hands on experience in  this industry.

  Sophistication in management and finance. We are able to run an efficient  and lean structure, yet still provide quality service to our clients and  customers.

  Because of the nature of this industry, we will be able to rent office  space in more moderately priced buildings.

  As a unique service company, we will be able to keep our margins high,  allowing us to provide internal financing for growth possibilities.

  A level and policy of Capitalization that will allow [me/us] to fully  address the respective markets with comprehensive marketing and customer service  plans.

  By keeping my overhead low, [I/we] will be able to funnel my profits back  into operations thus avoiding high debt ratios or lost sales opportunities.

  Our initial marketing campaign will allow us to book a sufficient amount of  business so that we can implement our telephone customer service support  program.

  Innovation

  [I/we] have a history of innovative ideas.

  [List your most meaningful ideas and any new ideas you have for the  future.]

  Summary

  Through [my,our] leadership, [I,we] will be able to reduce overhead as a  percentage of sales thereby increasing the amount of profit to be retained in  the business. Because of our pricing policy, more people will purchase our  merchandise thus increasing the size of the market and we will be increasing our  market share. What [My Company] proposes to use are just good solid business  sense, economies of scale, and the use of efficient financial techniques. This  will allow us the following options:

  increase service

  increase advertising

  reduce prices

  increase profits

  increase selection

  Through [my,our] leadership, [I,we] will be able to reduce overhead as a  percentage of sales thereby ncreasing the amount of profit to be retained in the  business. What [My Company] proposes to use are just good solid business sense,  economies of scale, and the use of efficient financial techniques. This will  allow us the following options:

  increase customer service

  increase advertising expenditures

  increase profits

  increase selection of services offered

  This plan will give us tremendous flexibility to use any of these options  or a mix of them to effectively attack our target markets and meet our long term  goals. This combination of experience, sophistication, capitalization and  innovation will assist [My Company] as it strives to reach its sales, profit and  return objectives.

  Pricing

  Before [I/we] set the price for my complex widgets, [I/we] determined on a  unit basis what my costs were going to be. [I/we] then determined what the  market price was for the normal widget. At this price it was determined that for  all but the lowest sales projections, this product would turn a profit at this  price. However, since our complex widgets offer additional features, we felt  that we could price it approximately 50% above simple widgets.

  To test this price, we called a database of 50 large users of simple  widgets. We first questioned them about the desirability of our extra features  and then asked them directly if this price would be acceptable if such a product  were available. We found that 75% of those polled would be interested in this  product. Of this 75%, we received 10 firm orders representing approximately 30%  of this group.

  OR:

  We have determined that the market price is $ XX per unit. This will equal  a margin of XX%.

  OR:

  Our unit cost has been figured at $XX. We need a margin of XX% to pay our  overhead and earn a sufficient profit. Therefore, our selling price will be  $XX.

  Before [I/we] set the price for our [service], [I/we] forecast what our  fixed monthly costs were going to be. [I/we] then determined what the market  rate for comparable services were. At this rate it was determined that for all  but the lowest billing projections, this [Service] would turn a profit at this  rate.

  [Optional, if applicable]

  However, since our service is unique and demands a higher level of  expertise, we felt that we should bill above other comparable rates.

  Specific Markets

  Market #1

  General History

  The first widget was introduced into the market in 1036. Widgets remained  much as the original production until well into the 20th century when computer  modeling showed that there could be some enhancements made to the basic widget.  The market for widgets has been generally steady with market growth closely  following the typical population growth. At this time there are approximately  1,500 companies worldwide making comparable simple widgets.

  Lawn care companies have enjoyed a period of steady growth over the past  twenty years. This demand is due to many factors, not the least of which is the  advance of lawn care technology. In our proposed marketing area, there are 25  lawn care services.

  Entry Strategy

  Our widget has been designed by the latest in computer aided design. We are  able to manufacture our complex widgets on computer driven assembly lines using  the latest in robotics manufacturing. This gives us a tremendous price  advantage.

  We intend to market our complex widget through all the normal channels  available to simple widgets. These include retail, wholesale, and OEM. To  penetrate this market efficiently and swiftly, we intend to initially use  commission sales representatives strategically located throughout the USA. We  also will start a national advertising campaign targeting the end user in  various national publications and on national TV commercials.

  Our sales representatives will be chosen based on their own experience in  the marketplace. It is our intention to hire the best and the brightest among  those currently available. Our marketing tests included many of the reps we  initially would like to hire.

  Over the past few years, we have noticed an increase in demand for full  lawn care services - not just grass cutting and snow removal. Our computerized  office allows us to track our clients needs and schedule house calls on one  hours notice.

  We intend to attack this market very aggressively through the use of:

  1. A pool of 10 telemarketers.

  2. House-to-house visits to neighbors of present clients.

  3. Advertisements in upscale magazines.

  4. Radio advertisements on weekends.

  5. Sales calls on real estate management companies.

  As we are offering a unique service, informing the public of our  capabilities is of utmost importance.

  Growth Strategy

  After having successfully introduced the complex widget into the American  market, our expansion will be in two separate areas: increasing sales in the USA  and entering various foreign markets.

  After we have reached our first year sales goals, we intend to offer our  sales reps the opportunity to sell our products exclusively by joining our  company. We expect that a small percentage will desire to remain independent and  these will have to be replaced with our own sales force. We intend to develop  further sales reps from within by hiring and training them in our own sales  methods. We will increase national advertising and begin targeting smaller  accounts and specialty outlets. Additionally, we will conduct in house seminars  for various OEM’s demonstrating how the inclusion of complex widgetry into their  own products will increase the value of their products.

  After having successfully completed this entry phase into this market in  the geographical are we have chosen, we will then expand our market by doing the  following:

  1. Expand telemarketing pool to 20.

  2. Increase number of direct sales reps.

  3. Expand into neighboring cities.

  Market Size and Share

  The American market for [product/service] is estimated at $8 Billion annual  sales based on data furnished by XYZ Survey. We estimate that we can achieve XX%  market share within XX years.

  Marketing data for other markets is in the process of collection.

  Other Markets

  Use the same format for additional markets.

  Targeting New Markets

  To continue our growth, we will be using the following methods to expand  our markets and to increase our new areas of doing business:

  Customer contact - find out their needs

  Look for complementary products

  Trade shows

  World Trade Center “Network”

  U.S. Government trade leads

  State Government trade leads

  On-line computer prospecting and qualification (DIALOG, D&B, etc.)

  Market surveys

  Research & development

  Location

  RETAIL EXAMPLE:

  This business will be operated at 123 Any Street. This location is  desirable because:

  The traffic flow has been rated at high.

  The rent is below market

  The building has the necessary facilities to operate this business.

  The location is convenient for our customers.

  We are renting this building on a XX year lease. We will have renovations  costing $XXX based upon three estimates. The building is zoned R-3, commercial  use.

  OTHER SAMPLE:

  This business will be operated at 123 Any Street. This location is  desirable because:

  The building is structurally compatible for our use.

  The rent is below market

  The building has the necessary facilities to operate this business.

  The location is convenient for our freight companies, suppliers, clients  and employees.

  Possibility of expansion in the area.

  We are renting this building on a XX year lease. We will have renovations  costing $XXX based upon three estimates. The building is zoned R-3, commercial  use.

  Manufacturing Plan

  SAMPLE:

  We will be using a conventional assembly line method of construction of our  complex widgets. Our main supplier of component parts will be DEF Manufacturing  of Fort Lee, NJ. In the event that they are not able to ship according to our  specifications our secondary supplier will be MNO Amalgamated located in  Charlotte, NC. These parts will be shipped to us by motor freight.

  The actual machinery used in the production line will be manufactured by  A&M Machine Tools of Arlington, Texas. They also will be doing maintenance  under a service contract. This design of machine and assembly will allows us to  produce 24 hours a day as the entire assembly process is fully automated with  state-of- the-art robotics of American manufacture.

  With robotics our labor costs and therefore our production costs will be  the lowest in the industry. To maintain our advantage we have established lines  of communication with all of our potential machinery suppliers. Most importantly  we have an ongoing relationship with several universities and are actively  participating in various studies and experiments relating to production  methods.

  These machines also incorporate quality checking by lasers. All products  must come within XX% of specifications. Also, at regular intervals we will be  using human inspection of products and machines.

  We do not anticipate generating any toxic materials at this time for these  products. However, we will be closely monitoring all production to determine if  any hazardous materials are being generated. We have contracted with an  environmental engineering company to advise us on any possible problems as well  as solutions including legal disposal of all hazardous wastes.

  We anticipate the following outlays for this capital equipment:

  A&M Machines $XXX

  Service Contract $XXX

  Research & Development

  SAMPLE:

  We have already spent a considerable amount of time in researching and  developing our complex widgets. We have a very simple laboratory equipped with  the basic research equipment we need. We have thus far been able to discover  lighter materials and several cost cutting manufacturing methods. The largest  achievement to date is the discovery of a water based lubricant that does not  disintegrate in rainstorms. We have called this lubricant “H2Ocus-Pocus”.

  Presently our research is being supervised by our Technical Director, John  Q. Public. He will continue in this capacity. Having been the researcher  involved with all our activities to this point, he is well qualified to continue  our research efforts.

  Our next research project will center around using this new lubricant in  our manufacturing processes and testing of a new material that has come to our  attention.

  To this point, our research has paid for itself as we have been keying on  bringing this new product to market. However, now that we are becoming more  experimental in our research efforts such a continued success ratio can not be  maintained.

  We have been investigating several potential government (both state and  federal) funding sources. Our present program of joint research with the local  university has b=proven very beneficial.

  Historical Financial Data

  See “Attachments”

  [This discussion should include all facts pertaining to your financial  statements.]

  SAMPLE:

  Income Statement

  [Discuss both positive and negative aspects of your income statements. This  is no time for trying to hide the facts.]

  Balance Sheet

  [Discuss both positive and negative aspects of your balance sheets. This is  no time for trying to hide the facts.]

  Asset Worksheet

  [Discuss both positive and negative aspects of your assets. This is no time  for trying to hide the facts.]

  Ratio Analysis

  Financial ratios are included for your convenience.

  Financial Standards

  We have also included financial standards as compiled by Dun &  Bradstreet and Robert Morris Associates.

  Proforma Financial Data

  See “Attachments”

  Proforma Cash Flow Analysis

  SAMPLE:

  Assumptions:

  Cash Receipts: Percentages as indicated.

  Rent: Building rental at $12/square foot.

  Utilities: Water, gas, sewer, trash, electric

  Telephone: Local, long distance and cellular

  Salaries: Executives.

  Payroll: Hourly, non executive

  Withholding: Figured at XX %.

  Inventory:

  Freight-In:

  Office Supplies:

  Postage:

  Advertising: Trade, magazine, direct mail, etc.

  Professionals:

  Commissions: Figured at 10%.

  Insurance:

  Travel & Entertainment:

  Research: [Explanation]

  Miscellaneous:

  State Taxes: XX%

  Federal Taxes XX%

  Terms to customers: 2/10, n/30 (only to qualified accounts).

  Terms from suppliers: Suppliers offers 3% cash discount.

  Sales Forecast

  SAMPLE:

  Sales have been forecast at the following growth rates:

  Year 2 Year 3

  Product 1: XX% XX%

  Product 2: XX% XX%

  Cash Flow Variables:

  SAMPLE:

  We project that we will be able to generate sufficient capital from  operations to meet our initial needs after the infusion of $200,000. However,  our projections are in industries that have never been fully addressed and are  based upon present real buying conditions and our own experience. Should sales  not be up to projections, adjustments will be made in ordering and long term  commitments decreased or postponed.

  Income Statement

  Assumptions:

  Returns, discounts: We are offering a range of quantity

  discounts,plus an early payment discount to

  those extended credit. Average is estimated

  to be 5%.

  Cost of goods sold:

  Expenses: Totaled from Cash Flow Analysis spreadsheets.

  Freight: Paid by customers.

  Risks & Variables:

  SAMPLE:

  We have considered seasonal trends and have forecasted accordingly. [I/We]  believe the forecasts are conservative.

  Proforma Balance Sheet

  Cost Control

  SAMPLE:

  Our books will initially be maintained manually. [My Company] seeks at a  future point to use a computerized accounting package to monitor our financial  performance. This information will be compiled at the end of each month for  preparation of financial statements. Each month these statements will be  reviewed against our proformas and appropriate action taken to adjust costs or  our budget. If we find that we are continually over budget, our first step will  be to reevaluate our markup on products and then to recheck our costs to make  certain that we are obtaining the best possible prices.

  Ratio Analysis

  Financial ratios are included for your convenience.

  Financial Standards

  We have also included financial standards as compiled by Dun

  & Bradstreet and Robert Morris Associates.

  Breakeven Point

  Taken from BPMBREAK.WK1 spreadsheet.

  SAMPLE:

  The following chart shows our breakeven point:

  Profit Revenue Fixed Costs Variable Costs

  $0 $20,000.00 $3,900.00 $16,100.00

  It is intended that [My Company] will be profitable in the XXX

  Quarter, 199X.

  Effects of Loan or Investment

  SAMPLE:

  The money invested in [My Company] will be used for the following  purposes:

  Purchase of DEF Machine, Model # 333058 including installation -  ($150,000)

  Working capital - ($50,000)

  Leasehold improvements - (est. $15,000)

  Laboratory equipment - Beakers, test tubes, petrie dishes - ($1,500)

  Startup costs - legal fees, filing fees

  Inventory -raw materials - ($25,000)

  Delivery trucks (GMC Model 80, $10,995)

  Computer equipment - 15 Austin 486/33 Winstations - ($40,425)

  These outlays will enable us to operate at a level that will allow us to  meet our conservative sales goals for the first year. This will also allow us to  outright purchase these items rather than finance or lease them.

  Attachments


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