很多有申请美国的医学院的学生都必须学习、参加并通过MCAT考试，所以接下来跟着出国留学网一起来了解一下2018年MCAT必知技巧吧，希望对您有帮助。
前言：MCAT是申请攻读北美临床医学院的学生所必备的一项机考标准化考试。它考察应试者解决问题的能力、批判性思维能力和分析，研究设计和图形化分析&数据解析，可视数据中得出结论和推断，以及考察应试者对学科原理和知识的掌握程度。MCAT的总答题时间为6小时15分钟，整个考试共持续约7小时30分钟。
MCAT每年在授权的prometric考试中心举办25次考试，由于申请美国医学院必须要有大学本科学位，参加考试的学生多为希望申请北美地区医学院的大三或大四学生。MCAT在2007年1月改为cBT后，所有试题均需在计算机上输入或回答。与GRE机考不同，每位MCAT考生的题库是确定的，不会根据考生的表现改变题目的难度。MCAT自从2015年改版以后，一共是四个部分：Chemical and Physical Foundations of Biological Systems，Biological and Biochemical Foundations of Living Systems，Critical Analysis and Reasoning Skills，Psychological, Social and Biological Foundations of Behavior。考试全部以passage-based(阅读)题型出现，每个section要读9-11篇阅读不等然后回答问题，新版MCAT也更加要求考生的头脑毅力，体力，和专注力。
考前注意
The current version of the MCAT, now nearing its third complete year of administration, is designed to assess several competency areas that are desirable in future physicians. One of these broad competency areas is the ability to demonstrate scientific inquiry and reasoning skills.This stands as perhaps one of the most important skills, assessed by three of the four test sections.It is of paramount importance that prospective medical school students address any weaknesses they might have when it comes to understanding research design, interpreting experimental data, drawing conclusions and predicting both ethical and scientific factors that might hinder a particular research experiment.As you prepare for the MCAT, you may wonder how you will be tested on scientific inquiry in the three MCAT sections – excluding the Critical Analysis and Reasoning Skills section – and how you can strengthen your readiness to answer these questions. Review the three sections below and learn how you can bolster your scientific inquiry skills for each.
当前版本的MCAT考试包括三个部分的，旨在评估未来医生所需要的几个能力领域。其中一个广泛的能力领域是展示科学探究和推理技能的能力。这可能是最重要的技能之一，由四个测试部分中的三个评估。在了解研究设计、解释实验数据、得出结论和预测可能会阻碍某一特定研究实验的伦理和科学因素时，潜在的医学院学生解决他们可能存在的任何弱点是至关重要的。在你为MCAT准备的时候，你可能会想知道你将如何在三个MCAT部分的科学调查中测试——不包括批判性分析和推理技能部分——以及如何加强你准备回答这些问题的能力。回顾下面的三个部分，学习如何提高你的科学探究技能。
第一部分：生物系统的化学和物理基础
By the time you take the MCAT, you will have likely been exposed to the scientific method in science courses from grade school to college. The MCAT assessment of your scientific inquiry skills is largely an extension of your ability to understand and manipulate the components of the scientific method when evaluating research designs and results.In the Chemical and Physical Foundations of Biological Systems section, for example, you may be presented with a research study's design and data aimed at proving or disproving a particular hypothesis. The corresponding questions might ask you to identify the original hypothesis, the conclusions the data support and the relationship between variables.How can you best prepare to answer such questions? Besides developing a solid understanding of the definitions of typical research study components, as well as how they function as a unit, you can become a frequent and skilled reader of scientific studies。Each week, take it upon yourself to read a research study in a hard science discipline and challenge yourself to identify the hypothesis the paper poses, the background evidence that supports that hypothesis, the variables being tested and any conclusions you can draw from the observed data.
当你接受MCAT的测试的时候，你很可能已经接触到了从小学到大学的科学方法科学课程。MCAT测试对你的科学探究技能的评估，很大程度上是你在评估研究设计和结果时理解和操纵科学方法的组成部分的能力的延伸。例如，在生物系统部分的化学和物理基础上，你可能会得到一项研究的设计和数据，目的是证明或否定一个特定的假设。相应的问题可能要求你识别原始的假设，结论，数据支持和变量之间的关系。你怎样才能最好地准备回答这些问题呢?除了发展坚实的典型研究组件的定义的理解以及他们如何将函数作为一个单元，你可以成为一个经常和熟练的读者科学，好好在自己阅读自然科学学科的研究和挑战自己来识别假说提出背景的证据支持这一假说，被测试的变量和观测数据可以得出什么结论。
第二部分：生物和生化基础的生命系统
As anyone who has spent time conducting research will have observed, the process of scientific inquiry and the way in which that process is presented in the scientific literature varies slightly across fields. As a result, you should understand the different varieties of research designs that are present in each field tested on the MCAT.In the Biological and Biochemical Foundations of Living Systems portion, for instance, you may be asked to identify research questions and hypotheses from given background information. You may also be asked to evaluate the validity of proposed research designs.To strengthen these scientific inquiry skills, make a habit of attempting to think through some yet-unsolved questions in biology.The point of this exercise is not to establish a definitive answer about how, say, scientists might correct genetics that have gone awry in tumor cells but rather to think through what kind of testable hypothesis and research setting would most likely yield information that can help you answer such a question.
任何花时间进行研究的人都会观察到，科学探究的过程和在科学文献中呈现的过程在各个领域中都有细微的差别。因此，您应该了解在MCAT上测试的每个领域中存在的各种不同的研究设计。例如，在生命系统部分的生物和生物化学基础上，你可能被要求从给定的背景信息中识别研究问题和假设。你也可以被要求评估研究设计的有效性。要加强这些科学探究的技巧，养成一种习惯，在生物学中思考一些尚未解决的问题。此练习的目的不是要建立一个明确的答案。例如，科学家正确的基因、在肿瘤细胞出现了问题等等。而是想通过什么样的可测试的假设和研究设置最有可能产生信息可以帮助你回答这样一个问题。
第三部分：行为的心理、社会和生物学基础
This section is perhaps the most likely area in which you will be assessed on the ethical principles of research studies, your ability to identify bias in research studies and whether a particular research study can be generalized for a larger population.As such, you may be asked to evaluate whether a proposed research design is appropriate or ethical, identify points of bias implicit or explicit to a certain experiment and predict whether the validity of given data would extend to another particular population.You can ready yourself for the questions posed in this section by familiarizing yourself with commonly used research designs in the social sciences and by understanding each design's pitfalls as well as learning which known studies have used such designs.Ensure you understand the ethical problems and biases involved in famous social science experiments such as Harlow's monkeys and the Bobo doll experiment. Ask yourself if these scientists would be allowed to repeat these experiments today, if their original study designs best prove their results and what populations are best reflected by the information that they yielded.
这一节可能是你在研究研究的伦理原则、你在研究研究中发现偏见的能力以及某一特定研究研究是否可以推广到更大群体的最可能的领域。因此，你可能会被要求评估一个建议的研究设计是否恰当或合乎伦理，确定隐含的或明确的偏向点，并预测给定数据的有效性是否会延伸到另一个特定人群。你可以为这一节所提出的问题做好准备，让自己熟悉社会科学中常用的研究设计，了解每个设计的陷阱以及了解哪些已知的研究使用了这些设计。确保你了解在著名的社会科学实验中涉及的伦理问题和偏见，如哈洛的猴子和波波娃娃实验。问问你自己，如果他们最初的研究设计能最好地证明他们的研究结果以及他们所获得的信息能最好地反映出哪些人群，那么这些科学家今天是否会被允许重复这些实验。
临考注意事项
The seven days before your MCAT test date can be an anxiety-provoking time. Many students attempt to frantically review the full scope of material they have studied in preparation for the exam, while others spend a significant amount of time resting their minds.In truth, the best approach falls squarely in-between these two extremes. Below are several last-minute tips to help you do your best on your MCAT test day.
在你的MCAT考试前的7天是一个令人焦虑的时候。许多学生试图疯狂地复习他们为准备考试而学习的全部内容，而另一些学生花了大量的时间休息他们的思想。事实上，最好的方法正好落在这两个极端之间。下面是一些最后的建议，可以帮助你在MCAT考试当天做到最好。
1. Complete a full-length practice exam: Early in the week leading to your test, take the time to simulate the exam day experience with a full-length practice test. Since the MCAT is a lengthy assessment, it is important to complete this practice exam at least two days before you sit for the actual test so you do not drain your mental stamina. Note when you begin to feel fatigued while taking this practice exam, and plan to pause during those times on test day. For example, when I was studying for the test, I noted that I could usually finish two MCAT portions before I struggled to focus. So I made a point to take a brief break after every pair of sections during my real test.
1.完成一个完整的练习考试:在一周的早些时候你的考试，花时间模拟考试日的经验和一个完整的练习测试。因为MCAT是一个冗长的评估，所以在你参加实际测试前至少两天完成这个练习是很重要的，这样你就不会消耗你的精力。注意当你在参加这个练习考试时感到疲劳，并计划在考试当天暂停。例如，当我在为考试而学习时，我注意到在我努力集中注意力之前，我通常可以完成两个MCAT的部分。所以我在我的真实测试中，每隔一段时间就休息一下。
2. Review data interpretation and statistics: Many students incorrectly answer questions on the MCAT not because they do not understand its scientific content, but instead because they simply do not grasp what data they are being presented with on exam questions. Review how to interpret data, as well as the differences between various statistical tests such as chi-squared and T-tests. Ensure you are fresh on these topics when it comes time to apply them to the experiments you will encounter on the MCAT.
2.回顾数据的解释和统计:许多学生错误地回答了MCAT的问题，不是因为他们不了解它的科学内容，而是因为他们根本不了解他们在考试问题上所呈现的数据。复习如何解释数据，以及各种统计测试之间的差异，如chi - squared和t - tests。当你将这些话题应用到你将在MCAT上遇到的实验时，确保你对这些话题保持新鲜感。
3. Review central physiology concepts: Much of biology can be understood by relating certain details to overarching concepts. These concepts include negative and positive feedback, physiological homeostasis, cell membrane physiology, action potentials and basic intracellular signaling pathways like G proteins.Thoroughly revisit these high-yield topics in the days leading up to the MCAT, and verify that you understand them well. Several questions on the exam will ask you to apply these basic principles to various experimental scenarios.
3.回顾中心生理学概念:通过将某些细节与总体概念联系起来，可以理解许多生物学知识。这些概念包括阴性和正反馈、生理稳态、细胞膜生理学、动作电位和G蛋白等基本的细胞内信号通路。在MCAT的前几天，彻底重新审视这些高收益的话题，并验证你是否理解它们。考试中的几个问题会要求你将这些基本原则应用到各种实验场景中。
4. Return to details you struggle to remember: Look over your notes and identify those details that you had a hard time memorizing during your preparation period. I found it helpful to maintain a running list of details that I knew I would have to review again closer to test day. While it is important to do your best to memorize fundamental aspects of biology, chemistry, physics, psychology and sociology , remember that the exam is often more about the application of these details. Possessing a sound conceptual understanding of these topics is critically important.Use these suggestions as a starting point for guiding your preparation in the days immediately before your test. In addition to the above, remember to also take some time to rest your mind before the MCAT, as it is a lengthy challenge.The most intense parts of your MCAT review should occur well before the week leading to your exam. Do your best to front-load your study schedule so you can avoid both procrastination and panic.
4.回到你努力记住的细节:看看你的笔记，找出那些你在准备期间很难记住的细节。我发现保持一份详细的清单是很有帮助的，因为我知道我必须再复习一遍，以接近考试日。虽然要尽力记住生物学、化学、物理、心理学和社会学的基本方面，但要记住，考试往往更多的是关于这些细节的应用。对这些主题有良好的概念性理解是至关重要的。在考试前的几天里，把这些建议作为指导你准备的开始。除了上述，还记得在MCAT之前花些时间让你的大脑休息一下，因为这是一个很长的挑战。你的MCAT检查中最紧张的部分应该在你考试前一周进行。尽量提前安排学习时间，这样你就可以避免拖延和恐慌。
考试中的技巧
Taking the MCAT can seem like a daunting experience for any student – especially when you consider the sheer length of the exam. If you use every moment of your time, including breaks, the test takes roughly seven and a half hours.In addition to ensuring that you have reviewed all the academic material that might be assessed, think about other factors that could affect the outcome of such a long testing session. If you are already deep into prep for the medical school admissions exam, check out these tips to help you ensure a smooth testing process when exam day finally arrives.
对任何一个学生来说，接受MCAT都是一种令人畏缩的经历，尤其是当你考虑到考试的长度时。如果你利用你的每一分钟，包括休息时间，那么测试大约需要7个半小时。除了确保你已经复习了所有可能被评估的学术资料外，还要考虑其他可能会影响长期测试结果的因素。如果你已经准备好参加医学院的入学考试了，看看下面这些小贴士，帮助你在考试当天顺利完成考试。
1. Decide how to use your breaks: There is quite a bit of advice available about how to not spend your MCAT breaks – including foregoing them altogether – but there is less direction about how to plan for these precious few minutes away from the testing screen.On a typical break during class, you might check your phone or review course materials. On MCAT exam day, however, your activity during breaks will be limited – none of these usual methods of passing the time will be available.There are two main ways that you can spend the breaks: using active recall techniques to prepare for the next section on the test, or giving your mind a rest by using mindfulness and meditation techniques. Of course, do not forget that the lunch break is for lunch, as well as for any other strategies you find useful.When choosing your techniques for exam day, consider taking each for a trial run during the breaks of your full-length practice tests. With practice test No. 1, for example, you might spend time mentally reviewing several relevant equations, like the Hardy-Weinberg equation, before the Biological and Biochemical Foundations of Living Systems section. With your second practice test, in contrast, you could spend five of your free minutes with your eyes closed, visualizing a calming scene.You may even find that different break strategies work better for you depending on which portion of the MCAT is next. Begin experimenting with different techniques as soon as you begin taking full-length practice exams.
1.决定如何利用你的休息时间:关于如何不让你的MCAT休息时间(包括完全放弃)有很多的建议，但是关于如何计划这些宝贵的几分钟远离测试屏幕的建议却少之又少。在一个典型的课间休息时间，你可以查看你的手机或复习课程材料。但是，在MCAT考试日，你在休息期间的活动将是有限的-这些通常的方法都不会有时间。你可以有两种方式来度过休息时间:用积极的回忆技巧来为下一节做准备或者用专注力和冥想技巧让你的大脑休息一下。当然，不要忘记午餐休息是午餐，以及其他你认为有用的策略。当你在考试的时候选择你的技巧时，考虑在你的全身练习测试的休息时间里参加一个试运行。例如，通过第1号练习测试，你可能会在生命系统部分的生物和生化基础之前，花时间回顾几个相关的方程，比如hard- weinberg方程。与你的第二次练习测试相比，你可以用五分钟的空闲时间闭上眼睛，想象一个平静的场景。你甚至会发现，不同的休息策略对你的效果会更好，这取决于接下来的MCAT的哪一部分。开始尝试不同的技巧，只要你开始做全身练习。
2. Consider how you will use scratch paper: Scratch paper can be a tremendous advantage for the most difficult MCAT questions, but when used unwisely, it can also cause you to fritter away your time by focusing an inordinate amount on just one or two problems.Before you sit for the real MCAT, explore several ways to use scratch paper during the four portions of the test. Certain people find it helpful to jot down relevant formulas or shorthand concepts prior to beginning particular sections.Others prefer to use their scrap paper for summarizing Critical Analysis and Reasoning Skills passages or for identifying important points within these passages. Still others use their scratch paper to better understand question stems.You may find that a combination of these approaches works best for you. Regardless of how you think you will use scratch paper, practice putting your predictions to work on the practice tests. This can help ensure your preferred strategies are efficient and helpful.
2.考虑一下你将如何使用草稿纸:草稿纸对于最难回答的MCAT问题来说是一个巨大的优势，但是当你不明智地使用它时，它也会使你浪费你的时间，把过多的注意力集中在一个或两个问题上。在你坐到真正的MCAT之前，在测试的四部分中探索几种使用草稿纸的方法。某些人发现在开始特定的部分之前，记下相关的公式或简化的概念是有帮助的。另一些人则喜欢用他们的废纸来总结批判性分析和推理技巧的段落，或者在这些段落中找出重要的点。还有一些人用他们的草稿纸来更好地理解问题的根源。您可能会发现，这些方法的组合对您最有效。不管你如何认为你会使用草稿纸，练习把你的预测写在练习测试上。这有助于确保你喜欢的策略是有效和有帮助的。
3. Confirm your understanding of the MCAT’s virtual tools: Some online practice tests have their own tools with which you can eliminate answers, highlight within passages and scroll. Because every company is different and not all may emulate the MCAT exactly, it is best to review the tools used by the MCAT itself prior to sitting for the real computer-based exam.Ensure you know how to select answers, highlight passages and cross out answers before test day. In addition, remember that eliminating all answers but one with a cross-out does not automatically select the remaining answer.Finally, at the end of each section, make sure you have answered all questions using the appropriate MCAT tools. Knowing all of the features of the MCAT testing platform can help you feel more confident on exam day.The current version of the MCAT, now nearing its third complete year of administration, is designed to assess several competency areas that are desirable in future physicians. One of these broad competency areas is the ability to demonstrate scientific inquiry and reasoning skills.This stands as perhaps one of the most important skills, assessed by three of the four test sections.It is of paramount importance that prospective medical school students address any weaknesses they might have when it comes to understanding research design, interpreting experimental data, drawing conclusions and predicting both ethical and scientific factors that might hinder a particular research experiment.As you prepare for the MCAT, you may wonder how you will be tested on scientific inquiry in the three MCAT sections – excluding the Critical Analysis and Reasoning Skills section – and how you can strengthen your readiness to answer these questions. Review the three sections below and learn how you can bolster your scientific inquiry skills for each.
3.确认您对MCAT的虚拟工具的理解:一些在线实践测试有他们自己的工具，您可以消除答案，在段落和滚动中突出显示。因为每个学校都是不同的，所以最好是在参加真正的计算机考试之前，先复习一下MCAT本身所使用的工具。确保你知道如何选择答案，突出段落并在考试前把答案划掉。此外，要记住，去掉所有的答案，只有一个交叉的答案不会自动选择剩下的答案。最后，在每个部分的结尾，确保您使用适当的MCAT工具回答了所有问题。了解MCAT测试平台的所有功能可以帮助你在考试当天更加自信。目前已接近其第三个完整任期的MCAT的当前版本，旨在评估未来医生所需要的几个能力领域。其中一个广泛的能力领域是展示科学探究和推理技能的能力。这可能是最重要的技能之一，由四个测试部分中的三个评估。在了解研究设计、解释实验数据、得出结论和预测可能会阻碍某一特定研究实验的伦理和科学因素时，潜在的医学院学生解决他们可能存在的任何弱点是至关重要的。在你为MCAT准备的时候，你可能会想知道你将如何在三个MCAT部分的科学调查中测试——不包括批判性分析和推理技能部分——以及如何加强你准备回答这些问题的能力。回顾下面的三个部分，学习如何提高你的科学探究技能。
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