2021考研英语:写作文本通用技巧(1)

  考研英语有许多题目组成,方便大家及时了解,下面由出国留学网小编为你精心准备了“2021考研英语:写作文本通用技巧(1)”,持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!

  2021考研英语:写作文本通用技巧(1)

  一、命题规律

  根据修订后的硕士研究生入学考试大纲的规定,应用文写作部分在命题方面有以下原则:

  (1)应用文部分主要要求考生能写不同类型的应用文,包括私人和公务信函(主要有祝贺信、介绍信、邀请信、申请信、询问信、致谢信、约会信、道歉信、推荐信、投诉信、辞职信)、备忘录、便笺等。应用文写作时,考生应能:

  ① 做到语法、拼写、标点正确,用词恰当;

  ② 遵循文章的特定文体格式;

  ③ 合理组织文章结构,使其内容统一、连贯;

  ④ 根据写作目的,恰当选用语域。

  (2)考试形式:考生根据所给情景写出一篇约100词(标点符号不计算在内)的应用性短文,考生在答题卡2上作答。满分10分。

  (3)应用文的评分侧重点在于信息点的覆盖和内容的组织、语言的准确性、格式和语域的恰当,对语法结构和词汇多样性的要求将根据具体试题作调整。允许在 作文中使用提示语中出现过的关键词,但使用提示语中出现过的词组或句子将被扣分。100词左右,文章长度不符合要求的酌情扣分。

  二、题型分析

  (一)书信类

  书信是一种最常见的应用文。它包括祝贺信、介绍信、邀请信、申请信、询问信、致谢信、辞职信、约会信、道歉信、推荐信、投诉信等十多类。英文书信包括信头、正文和信尾。书信格式是:

  (1)信头。

  ① 写信人地址、日期;② 收信人姓名、地址;③ 称谓。

  (2)正文。

  (3)信尾。

  ① 结尾谦称;② 署名。

  书信格式

  具体要求

  写信人地址和日期

  位于信纸的右上角,地址在上,日期在下,中间可间隔一行。英文地址书写顺序与中文相反,所以应该是从小到大的顺序:门牌号、街道名、区名、市(州/县)、国名。

  收信人地址和日期

  正式的社交信件都要在信内写上收信人的姓名及地址,又称为信内地址。它位于信纸的左侧,比信头的日期低一行或两行。

  称谓(salutation)

  称谓位于收信人地址下面,间隔一至两行。如果不知道对方的姓氏,称呼一般都用Dear Sir or Dear Madam。如果信是写给一个机构的多个人,则用Dear Sirs或者Dear Mmes。常见的称呼头衔有:Mr.(先生),Mrs.(已婚女士),Miss(未婚女性),Ms.(对于不知婚否的女性),Prof.(教授),Dr.(对博士或医生的称呼)。

  书信正文

  书信正文写在称呼语下面,间距为一至两行,正文的层次结构是:引言、中心部分和结尾。

  结束敬语

  结尾敬语有尊卑亲疏之分,与称呼相配合。在正文后面,隔两行从信纸中间偏右的地方开始写,第一个字母大写,其后用逗号。常用的结尾敬语有:对于地位高的人或长辈:Yours respectfully;在商业和正式函件中:Yours faithfully,Yours sincerely;私人朋友之间:Yours sincerely,Yours affectionately,Yours lovingly,相当于汉语中的“某某敬上”,“某某谨呈”。

  署名

  在结尾敬语的正下方署上写信人的姓名,商业信函往往需要在署名的下面打印写信人的全名,职称打在姓名的下方,如果署名者为女性,则在姓名前加注“Miss”或“Ms.”

  如有附言则在署名的下方隔一两行的左下角注明postscript (P.S.);如含附件需注明Encl.。

  书信有两种格式:齐头式与缩进式。前一种所有的段落顶格开始,正文的段落之间空一行。缩进式所有段落空四至五个字母开始,正文段落之间不空行。

  下面以一封抱怨信为例,其他各种信件的格式均可以此作为参照。

  Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter on the topic A Letter to the University President about the Canteen Service on Campus. You should write at least 120 words, and base your composition on the outline given in Chinese below:

  假设你是李明,请你就本校食堂的状况给校长写一封信,内容应涉及食堂的饭菜质量、价格、环境、服务等,可以是表扬,可以是批评建议,也可以兼而有之。

  March 23, 2006

  Dear Mr. President,

  I am writing to you, in the name of senior students of this college, to express my dissatisfaction with our canteen. The main problems involve the price, quality, environment and service.

  As far as I know, dishes here are generally of poor quality and high price. For example, a green vegetable will cook yellow, with bad taste and even something dirty, sticks or hair, for example. And what is worse, it even sells at 2 to 3 yuan, and a dish with some meat will be more than 5 yuan. That is not what our poor students can afford. Besides, the dining environment also needs improving. Dining tables and chairs are very dirty, greasy, and in poor condition. In addition, they are not enough to go around among students. What is more, the cooks sometimes are not fair. Usually they give more dishes and food to girl students, and less to boy students. As a result, girls can’t finish theirs, but boys are still hungry, which is a pity.

  Finally, we are looking forward to your quick dealing with the matter mentioned above. Thank you for your kind consideration.

  Yours sincerely,

  Li Ming

  2021考研英语:小作文的遣词技巧

  一、格式

  1. 称呼:英语应用文称呼有这样的特点:

  1)如果是不认识的人,一般称呼为敬词+尊称。例如,Dear Sir or Madam 或者 To Whom It May Concern (需注意每个单词首字母都大写)。

  2)如果是写给关系正式的某团体或个人,称呼为敬词+尊称+名。例如,Dear Mr. Xx,或Dear Ms.xx,

  3)对于关系较亲密的人可以直呼其名,即 Dear xx,。

  同时需要注意的是:1.称呼要顶格写2. 称呼之后要加逗号或者冒号。这里推荐大家用逗号,因为历年的高分范文 都是用逗号的。

  2. 正文:正文格式一般有两种格式:一是缩进式,即首段开头空四个字母,段落之间不空行 另一种是齐头式,即每段开头不空格,但是各段之间空一行。建议考生采用缩进式,因为如果用齐头式,段间空行的话很可能答题空间不够,导致字数不够。

  3. 结语:结语要注意要留出两行。一行是靠后写类似汉语“此致敬礼”的话也就是“Sincerely yours, ”或者“Yours sincerely ,”一定要注意这个地方的结尾是有逗号的,如果丢掉了逗号,则会扣掉一份,请大家一定要注意。同时,还需要注意落款,落款部分不能写自己的名字。按照directions 中的要求使用名字。英语一一般是Liming结尾,英语二为Zhangwei。同时请大家注意名字后面一定不要加任何的符号。很多的学生喜欢在此打点号,请大家一定要注意,这里会被扣掉一分。

  二、语言

  写作用词准确是基础的要求之一。其次,句型可以多变,例如既有并列句,也有复合句,还有从句,但注意语法运用要正确。此外还要注意,正式语言一般是写给具有正式关系的团体或机构,这种情况不用缩略语和口语用法。英语二的小作文一般写给正式关系的机构的文章片偏多。除了正式的文体以外,其他的文体皆为非正式文体,像写给朋友的书信等。英语一的小作文就是较为非正式一些。

  一般小作文的考查要求中会体现出写该篇的目的和场合,所以考生在写作时要注意针对不同场合使用不同语言,使交流得以进行。另外,考生也要注意不同的应用文有不同的用语。建议考生对某些应用文的格式和习惯用语,应该加以熟悉和背诵,以便运用自如。

  三、其他

  考生在考试时注意在看到题目要求后不要忙于动笔,虽说小作文的字数充其量在一百多个单词,但是依旧要在脑子里理清思路。最好能够在仔细审题以后,认真列个提纲,这样更有利于思路清晰。

  写作时,注意表达清楚以下几个方面:

  首先交代清楚写信目的其次为了让阅卷者对你的文章结构及表意一目了然,注意关联词或衔接词的运用接下来,应该对个人的观点进行阐述。最后,行文间要注意简化描述,用简短的语句代替冗长的语句。在作文完成的时候,应该检查、修改,以免遗漏一些需要表达清楚的要点和细节。

  2021考研英语:作文避免病句的技巧(3)

  1. Eating outside has the most advantage that we can go at any time when we finish eating without doing any washing.

  改进: The best part of eating out is that we can leave everything behind after meal.

  2. Smoking can help you relax your mind.

  改进: Cigarettes can help you relax.

  3. What's about nonsmokers?

  改进: What about nonsmokers?

  4. Why not to be a non-smoker?

  改进: Why not be a non-smoker?

  5. Everyone will have many friends in his life.

  改进: Everyone has friends in his life.

  6. I am not good at maths, but English.

  改进: I am good not at mathematics but at English/ My strength is not mathematics but English.

  7. Who is the proper person to make up his minds about children's leisure time?

  改进: Who is the proper person to plan children's leisure time?

  8.It is children who clear about their interests.

  改进: It is children who are clear about their own interests.

  9. I agree the latter idea.

  改进: I agree with the latter idea.

  10. Many people dissatisfy with the status quo.

  改进: Many people are dissatisfied with the status quo.

  11. So I feel breathe more comfortably now.

  改进: So I feel more comfortable now when I breathe.

  12. People should learn knowledge no matter how old they are.

  改进:People should learn no matter how old they are/ People are never too old to learn.

  13. No one knows all the things.

  改进: No one knows everything.

  14. I want to live in a quiet place to admire peaceful life.

  改进: I want to live in a quiet place to enjoy peaceful life.

  15. Each form ofshavingsfriends has its advantages.

  改进: Each way of choosing friends has its advantages.

  16. I was admitted to a key university for which few dared to sign up.

  改进: I was admitted to a key university to which few dared to apply.

  17. Luckily, he recognized an American professor.

  改进: Luckily, he knew an American professor.

  18. They will learn the bad habits.

  改进: They will develop bad habits.

  19. In this continued process, people make progress.

  改进: In this cycle, people make progress.

  20. Lastly, higher education is equal to higher salary.

  改进: Lastly, higher education means higher salary.

  21. By making friends who are different from ourselves, we can make up for deficiency.

  改进: By making friends who are different from ourselves, we can make up for our shortcomings.

  22. A wrong decision will bring even worse fact.

  改进: A wrong decision will bring even worse result.

  23. You spend all your life to fulfill your willing.

  改进: You devote all your life to the fulfillment of your dream.

  24. Children should be taught disciplines insgroupsto avoid unnecessary lost.

  改进: Children should be taught discipline insgroupsto avoid unnecessary loss.

  25. I felt alone.

  改进: I felt lonely.

  推荐阅读:

  2021考研英语:作文得分佳句(11)

  2021考研英语:作文写作四大要点

  2020考研英语:写作语态技巧


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