2021考研英语：信息暗示题的解题技巧

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　　2021考研英语：信息暗示题的解题技巧

　　这类题是指选取段落中多次出现的同义词的原形或同义异性、同义异形词即可解出答案的题目。

　　例1. of Adult Education

　　The earliest programs of organized adult education arose in Great Britain in the 1798, with the founding of an adult school in Nottingham and a mechanics? institute in Glasgow. The earliest adult education institution in the United States was founded by Benjamin Franklin and some friends in Philadelphia in 1740.

　　(Answer: Early Days)

　　本段中介绍了早期的有组织的成人教育计划。文中出现了两次earliest一词，但都是指最早出现的某所学校。

　　例2. in the U.S. Airlines

　　During the 1970s the number of domestic passengers on U.S. airlines increased about 78%, and during the 1980s the figure was up about 58%. In 1990 there were 41.8 million international passengers; the figure was a 75% increase over 1980. The total cargo flown by U.S. airlines almost doubled during the 1980s, from 5.7 billion to 10.6 billion ton?miles in 1990.

　　(Answer: Rapid Growth)

　　本段主要陈述美国航空客运量和货运吨位的增长情况。全段并没有中心主题句，但每一句都出现了“增长”的字样：第一句里有“increased”和“was up”，第二句又出现“a...increase over”，第三句出现“doubled”(翻倍)的字样，这些都提示我们在小标题上要有的名词是增长，即“Growth”。

　　例3. Earthquake

　　Every year earthquakes are responsible for a large number of deaths and a vast amount of destruction in various parts of the world. Most of these damaging earthquakes occur either in a narrow belt which surrounds the Pacific Ocean or in a line which extends from Burma to the Alps in Europe. Some of the destruction is directly caused by the quake itself. An example of this is the collapse of buildings as a result of the quake itself. Other damage results from major fires which are initiated by the quake.

　　(Answer: Destruction)

　　本段主要讲了易发生地震的区域及地震所带来的破坏。文中表示“破坏”的词反复出现。第一句中就出现了答案“destruction”，第二句中有形容词“damaging”，第三句中又出现了答案词“destruction”,第四句中又有“collapse”坍塌一词，最后一句中又有表示“破坏”的名词“damage”。由于“破坏”一词反复出现，便可找出以“de”开头的词“destruction”。

　　2021考研英语：细节归纳题解析

　　(1) 了解段落细节后用“原形重现”或“同(近)义替换法”。

　　例1. Check Your

　　Obviously there is little point in increasing your reading speed if you do not understand what you are reading. If you find you have lost the thread of the story, or you cannot remember clearly the details of what was said, re?read the section or chapter.

　　(Answer: Comprehension)

　　这一类题型在考试中也经常出现。经过这部分的几个细节词汇如：understand，find，remember clearly the details 等，稍加分析，就可以得出“理解”这个主题。

　　例2. Choose the Appropriate

　　Before you argue with your boss, check with the boss?s secretary to determine his mood. If he ate nails for breakfast, it is not a good idea to ask him for something. Even without the boss?s secretary, there are keys to timing: don?t approach the boss when he?s on deadline don?t go in right before lunch, when he is apt to be distracted and rushed don?t go in just before or after he has taken a vacation.

　　(Answer:Time)

　　在这一段的细节描述中可以看到 timing这个词。这的意思是“选择时机”，而这个词的名词形式恰恰就是我们要的答案。从本文可以看出，有些答案就藏在所给段落的细节描述中，有些需要变形，有些就用原词。

　　例3. of AIDS

　　Most people recently infected by the AIDS virus look and feel healthy. In some people the virus may remain inactive, and these people act as carriers, remaining apparently healthy but still able to infect others. After a few years, some people may develop AIDS?related complex, or ARC. Its symptoms may include fever, fatigue, weight loss, skin rashes, a fungal infecton of the mouth known as thrush, lack of resistance to infection, and swollen lymph nodes.

　　(Answer: Symptoms)

　　本段第一句讲的是大部分刚感染艾滋病毒的人看上去健康，本人也不觉有异常第二句讲有些人身上的病毒可能一直不发作，成为病毒携带者第三句讲的是过一段日子后，一些人开始产生与艾滋病相关的并发症最后一句详细陈述了艾滋病的种种症状，出现了概括这些细节的词“symptoms”，由此确定了本题的答案。

　　(2) 了解段落细节后，从试题中“and”前(或后)词义推断。

　　例1. and Climate

　　Low?lying Singapore Island has no outstanding relief (轮廓鲜明的) features. A central area of hills rises to the maximum height of 176 m. The country has a wet tropical climate, with an average annual temperature of 27.2 ℃. The average annual rainfall is 2,413 mm the wettest months are November through January.

　　(Answer: Land)

　　看了这段文字，就会发现该段没有主题句。但如果把细节归纳起来，就会发现前两句讲到新加坡岛的地势情况，接下来叙述的是该国的气候情况。根据小标题中and 后面给出的climate (气候) 一词可以推断出前面应该填 Land (地形)。

　　例2. Importance of and Training

　　Not all skills are inborn, however. Some people have invested in training and schooling to improve their knowledge and skills. When we go to school, we are investing in human capital that we expect to yield dividends, partly in the form of higher wages, later on. Human capital is also produced through on?the?job training.

　　(Answer: Education)

　　这段文字似乎没有一句可以提取概括全段的中心句。小标题中and后面给出提示词“training”，第二句与training 并列中用“and”连接的是“schooling”，第三句中又出现了“When we go to school”，与最后一句中“on?the?job training”遥相呼应，形成又一组并列。这样就可以轻而易举地确定小标题中“and”前应该是“教育”的名词，所以答案确定。

　　例3. Pronunciation and of Words

　　Pronunciation is settled by common agreement of the community or group speaking the particular language or dialect. For standard pronunciations of words, a dictionary is your best friend. The usage of words is somewhat the same as pronunciation. To be accurate in your use of words is very important in your conversation. Dictionaries usually provide the usage of words. So whenever you meet with new words, it is a good idea to look them up in the dictionary.

　　(Answer: Usage)

　　本段小标题中and之前出现的单词是“pronunciation”，那么就要找出本段与pronunciation并列的单词的另一个方面。阅读段落内容后，可知段落前二句涉及的是单词的读音“pronunciation”，而后四句涉及到的是单词的“usage”即用法。更重要的是文中第三句明确地把“usage”与“pronunciation”并列起来，因此确定为答案。

　　2021考研英语：新题型的深度剖析

　　第一、新题型主要是考察考生对考点空格前后句子关联的把握。因此要很好地把握文章里单句之间的关系，因为这种关系很重要，以方便考察两种题。一是七选五，二是段落排序。

　　第二、新题型主要是从全局角度考察大家对文章逻辑的把握，要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系，理解句子之间、段落之间的关系，对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握，并具备运用语法知识分析和理解长难句的能力。和阅读的Part A部分不一样，新题型可以多做点模拟题目，因为这种题目模拟题与的偏差相对会比较小。

　　第三、要提升考生概括和提炼段落大意的能力。一段文章，总体上讲的是什么?怎么样用简单、简洁的语言把这一段文章的总体意思概括起来，这是段落标题类。在一个段落里面，我们如何把握总体上讲了什么东西，这是我们考生平常阅读里欠缺的一个能力。建议大家多多练习提炼段落大意的能力，可以尝试每次看完一个段落就用简短汉语或者英文把段落主旨写在段落旁边。

　　此外，要想新题型拿高分，考研专家建议考生在复习过程中还要注意做到以下几个做题基本技巧：

　　1、浏览选项。浏览选项说的直白些，就是找选项的第一句话，抓关键句中的主题词。这些主题词的词性多以名词、动词为特点。尤其要注意其中的专属名词和标志词。如人名、地名、连接词、数字等。经过这些词我们往往能反推出文章里应该有的内容，如果能找到这样的内容，答案就会十分清楚。因此建议大家在浏览选项时，将主题词和信号词找出并划记下来，然后再向下做题。

　　2、重点排查。有些题目，在看第一遍时，就可以凭知识、阅历选出答案。然后在接下来的题目当中，我们就可以按顺序做题了。你需要重点注意剩下的空格前后都有什么：如果是补充段落，则可能前后都要看如果要补充的是段首句或小标题，则重点看空格后面如果补充段尾句或小标题下面的内容，则重点看空格前面。那些有词汇复现的选项要么就是正确答案，要么就是干扰选项。

　　3、找进步口。一般的选项都会有主题词，但不一定有信号词，所以有信号词的选项往往就是进步口。

　　4、核实答案。在做完后，要进一步阅读整篇文章。以便检查文章的完整性和逻辑性。完整性和逻辑性较好，则说明答案正确率较高，反之则较低。总言之，整体阅读也是一种重要的解题技巧。

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