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2021考研英语："搭配记忆"法(1)
【相关】
1.①Think of those fleeting moments when you look out of an aero plane window and realize that you are flying, higher than a bird.②Now think of your laptop, thinner than a brown-paper envelope, or your cell phone in the palm of your hand.③Take a moment or two to wonder at those marvels.④You are the lucky inheritor of a dream come true.
2.①The second half of the 20th century saw a collection of geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries labour to create a fabulous machine that could function as a typewriter and printing press, studio and theatre, paintbrush and gallery, piano and radio, the mail as well as the mail carrier.
【核心考点】
1.稍纵即逝的瞬间：fleeting moments
2.腾出一点时间做某事：take a moment or two to do something
3.感叹这些神奇：wonder at those marvels
4.幸运的继承者：lucky inheritor
5.20世纪涌现出某人或某事：the 20th century saw somebody or something
6.一大批天才、勇士、实业家以及梦想家：a collection of geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries labour
7.创造出神奇的机器：create a fabulous machine
8.可以作为打字机：function as a typewriter
【翻译练习】
在翻译的时候试着联系上面的搭配。
1. ①Think of those fleeting moments when you look out of an aero plane window and realize that you are flying, higher than a bird.
②Now think of your laptop, thinner than a brown-paper envelope, or your cell phone in the palm of your hand.③Take a moment or two to wonder at those marvels.④You are the lucky inheritor of a dream come true.
2. ①The second half of the 20th century saw (a collection of geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries labour) [to create a fabulous machine (that could function as a typewriter and printing press, studio and theatre, paintbrush and gallery, piano and radio, the mail as well as the mail carrier)].
结构提示：(a collection of geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries labour)作saw的宾语;[to create a fabulous machine…]作为宾语补足语，补充说明前面的宾语;(that could function…)作a fabulous machine的定语从句。
【参考译文】
1.①想想那些稍纵即逝的瞬间，当你透过飞机窗口向外望去，忽然意识到自己正在填空翱翔，比鸟儿飞得更高。
②再想想你那比牛皮纸信封还薄的笔记本电脑，以及握在你掌心的手机。③腾出一点时间来为这些神奇的东西感叹一番吧。④人类的一个梦想已经实现，而你则幸运地成了它的继承者。
2.①20世纪后半叶涌现出一大批天才、勇士、实业家以及梦想家，他们通力合作，创造出了一台神奇的机器。这台机器可以兼作打字机和印刷机、摄影室和剧院、画笔和画廊、钢琴和收音机、邮件和邮差。
2021考研英语词汇：选词须抓五要点
考生在复习备考时既要注意培养翻译的技能意识，又要提高语言的实际运用能力。从考试大纲看，汉译英基本以议论文为主，涉及社会生活、政治、文化、经济及一般科技等方面。因此我们建议考生在考前复习准备时要多留心阅读这类体裁的文章，要多积累，多比较，尽量熟悉英语语言特点，并积累词汇。另外，还应注意汉译英在词性、句式和表达习惯上的特点，掌握丰富的变通手段，努力提高行文能力。
词汇和句式是语言的重要部分，要做好汉英短文翻译，关键是选择恰当的词汇和句式。词汇是语言的建筑材料，文章译得好不好，能不能达意，都与选词有密切的关系。要选好词，必须注意以下几点：
一、词义要确切
应该透彻地掌握词语的确切含义，才能准确无误地表达思想。每个词都有一定的含义，如果混淆词义，很容易造成用词不当。
二、选词要贴切
翻译时选词要注意语境和文章的文体，每个词在上下文中用得恰当、自然、和谐。英语中有许多同义词，平时要多注意同义词在不同上下文中的用法，因为即使是同义词或近义词在意义或色彩上甚至用法上也不是完全一样的。
三、用词要通俗易懂
用词要规范，尽量使用书面语言，少用俚语、生僻词或陈词滥调，以免影响译文效果。
四、用词要简洁有力
简洁是为了清晰，译文中多余的词不但不能增强语言的表现力，反而使语言显得累赘。因此翻译时要避免用词重复罗嗦。
五、选词要多样化
用词单一会使语言枯燥无味、苍白无力而选词多样化可以加强语言的表现力，使译文的表达更丰富。举例来说，“北京是中国的首都，名胜古迹甚多” 这句话该怎么译成英文?按照英语表达习惯，在译成英语时要把句中的“是中国首都”处理成次要信息，把这部分当成“北京”的同位语处理，这样就译成：Beijing，the capital of China，has quite many places of historic interest and scenic beauty.过这种手段可以使句子在逻辑和思想上连接起来，一方面突出了重要信息，另一方面也使语言更为紧凑。
2021考研英语：段落翻译的解析
【例举】
Most people would define optimism as endlessly happy, with a glass that's perpetually half fall. But that's exactly the kind of falsecheerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn't recommend. "Healthy optimists means being in touch with reality." says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor, According to Ben-Shahar, realistic optimists are these who make the best of things that happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best.
Ben-Shahar uses three optimistic exercisers. When he feels down-sag, after giving a bad lecture-he grants himself permission to be human. He reminds himself that mot every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction, He analyzes the weak lecture, leaning lessons, for the future about what works and what doesn't. Finally, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the ground scheme of life, one lecture really doesn't matter.
【参考译文】
大多数人愿意把乐观定义为无尽的欢乐，就像一只总是装着半杯水的杯子。但那是一种绝不会为积极心理学家所称道的虚假的快乐。哈佛大学的Tal Ben-Shahar教授说，“健康的乐观主义意味着要处于现实之中。”在Ben-Shahar看来，现实的乐观主义者会因势利导，而非求全责备。
Ben-Shahar会使用三种乐观的方法。比如说，当他进行了一次糟糕的演讲感到心情郁闷的时候，他会告诉自己这是很正常的事。他会提醒自己：并不是每一次演讲都可以获得诺贝尔奖，总会有一些人的演讲效果不及其他人。其次是进行重构。他分析效果不好的演讲并且从那些起作用和不起作用的演讲中吸取教训为将来做准备。最后，现在存在这样一个观点，即在生活的宏伟计划中，一次演讲是无关紧要的。
【解析】
这两段共10句话。其中，定语从句有5个，并列句有3个，宾语从句有5个，状语从句有1个。
定语从句：
1)the kind of false cheerfulness(先行词)that(引导词)positive psychologists wouldn’t recommend
2)those(先行词)who(引导词)make the best of things that happen
3)the best of things(先行词)that(引导词)happen
4)those(先行词)who(引导词)believe everything happens for the best
5)there is perspective(先行词)，which(引导词)involves acknowledging
并列句：
1)But that’s exactly the kind of false cheerfulness…(转折关系)
2)are those who…, but not those who…(表语之间的转折关系)
3)about what works and what doesn’t(介词宾语的并列关系)
宾语从句：
1)…believe(省略引导词that)everything happens for the best.
2)…reminds himself that not every lecture can be a Nobel winner(直接宾语为宾语从句)
3)about what(引导词)works(介词宾语从句)
4)and what(引导词)doesn’t(介词宾语从句，省略about)
5)that(引导词)in the ground scheme of life, one lecture really doesn’t matter.
时间状语从句：
When he feels down–;say, after giving a bad lecture–;he grants himself…
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