2021考研英语:构建词汇量的两大方法

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  2021考研英语:构建词汇量的两大方法

  These are some methods for improving and building vocabulary as you grow in your language skills.

  随着你语言能力的发展,下面这些方法都可以用来改善和构建你的词库。

  1.Choose a specific theme for building vocabulary

  一、选择一个特定的主题来构建词汇量

  When building vocabulary, you can guide yourself by focusing on a specific theme for the words you're learning. Pick a context or a specific topic -- say, sports, or words associated with feelings -- then study words related to that topic.

  在构建词汇量时,你可以引导自己专注于某个特定的主题来学习单词。选择一个背景或特定的话题--比如,运动或与感受相关的词汇 - 再学习与该话题相关的词汇。

  Words describing emotions is an interesting choice, for instance, as it includes words like enthusiastic and excited. The category of sports words, on the other hand, includes exciting words like throw, spin, or marathon.

  描述的情感的词汇是一个有趣的选择。例如,它包含了像enthusiastic(热情)和excited(兴奋)之类的单词。另一方面,运动类别的词汇,包括像throw(掷),spin(旋转),或marathon(马拉松)之类等令人激动的词语。

  You could also study “travelling around town” words like sidewalk, intersection, or pavement; or words related to everyday life, like foods available at the supermarket. You could even study words about school work!

  你也可以学习在镇上旅游之类的词语,像人行道,十字路口,或者路面;或与日常生活中相关的单词,比如,超市里可见的食物。甚至你可以学习与学校作业有关的单词!

  Whatever theme you pick, create stories in your mind and speak them aloud using words related to that theme.

  无论你选择何种主题,在脑子里编一个故事,再以与那个主题相关的单词大声地说出来。

  2.Tips for easily memorizing your words

  二、轻松记忆单词的技巧

  When you have settled on vocabulary words, write them down or print them out. Carry the list with you always. In the pauses of your busy day-when you're sitting on the bus, in the dentist's office, during commercials-take out the paper and review your vocabulary words until you feel comfortable that you would recognize (and be able to use) these words the next time you see them. Use sticky notes and put them on computers, on cupboards, and other places you're likely to see them, as a reminder.

  当你选中了单词,把它们写出来或者打印出来。随时随地携带在身边。在繁忙的一天中的休息时间里--当你在公交车上,在牙科诊所,在宣传期间--拿出小纸条,复习一下单词直到你觉得自己下次看到的时候能认识(并能够使用)。使用便利贴,把它们粘在计算机上,橱柜上,和其他你容易看到的地方,作为一种提醒。

  Try jumbling the letters of your vocabulary words up, then unscrambling them to form the word again. Work with the words until you are very comfortable using them in sentences on your own.

  试着把你的词汇表中的单词混在一起,梳理之后再形成单词。好好学习这些单词直到你自己能自如地运用在句子中。

  Remembering the words is very important! How do we do this? Try to associate each word with a picture or some other representation in your mind. This will help you remind yourself of the word's meaning. You don't have to actually draw or see this picture -- you can use your imagination to create suitable images!

  记住单词是非常重要的事!我们要怎么做到这一点呢?尽量将每个单词与一幅图片或其他能在你脑海中浮现的东西联系起来。这将帮助你记忆这个词的意思。你不必实际描绘或看到这幅图片--你可以用你的想象力创造出合适的图像!

  It's also important to not try to learn more than 7-10 new words in a day. Generally, it's safer to aim for 5-6 words a day for better retention. This, of course, depends on how much time you have each day for studying vocabulary.

  请记住,每天试着学习的新单词不要超过7-10。一般情况下,将每天的目标定为5-6个新单词更为安全,这样记忆效果更好。当然,这取决于你每天有多少时间来学习词汇。

  2021考研英语备考:词汇需要关联记忆

  一、来看下面一道题

  1. The oppressed freedom.

  A. Demand B. require C. request

  这道题应该是很多人看完都想撞墙的那种,因为答案都有“要求,需求”的意思。那选哪一个呢?我门来看一下英汉词典对这三个单词的解读:

  demand:ask for firmly, unwilling to accept a refusal.强烈地要求,并不情愿接受拒绝

  require:the ruler set a rule with the expectation that it will be obeyed.统治者期望自己的命令规定会被遵守。(如老师要求你完成作业,老板要求你完成工作)

  request:ask for politely.礼貌地要求

  那么当我们看到这里的时候,心里就明白了。答案为A。其实这种类型的词汇题在考研当中会有出现,特别是在完型填空里。那么这也在告诉我们准备考研词汇时,那些词义相近的单词,我们应该记到哪种程度。很多人会问,那我怎么知道精确到如此的单词含以上的差别呢。这里强烈推荐大家身边有一本牛津字典,因为那里有英文注释。而英文注释恰恰是解决词义辨析的杀手锏。

  除了查字典之外,我觉得这样的问题还能通过一种方式来解决。哪种方式呢?例句。

  二、还是让我们来看一道考研真题

  The former has been put down to social effects, such as a strong tradition of education.(2008 use of English)

  A. Assessing B. supervising C. administering D. Valuing

  在这里根据句义很快排除了B和C,但是A和D的意思似乎又撞架了。其实,如果仔细再看一遍题干的话,会发现结合上下语境,这里要填充的意思应是“重视教育的根深蒂固的传统”,所以只要找出具有“重视”含义的选项即可,但是似乎选项里没有这样的单词。其实,如果我们去查阅字典的话,VALUE当动词讲的时候具有“重视”的意思。其实这就是我们一直强调的考研中的“熟词僻意”现象。这种单词比比皆是,越是简单的初高中词汇,在考研里考的越不是我们想当然的意思,而是我们忽略掉的生僻义。

  所以我们在准备考研5500的时候,除了2500个四六级高难度词汇外,那3000个初高中词汇也不能小觑。我们需要注意的是这些单词的陌生意思。

  三、即使容颜已改,“词”心依旧

  其实,这种情况说明白了就是同义词的考察,在这里并不是说会像雅思,托福,GRE那样专门以同义词的题型考察大家。而是融合在考研的多种题型里,特别是在阅读题里会以一种隐性的形式考察。让我们来看一道考题:

  39. Which of the following best defines the word “aggressive” in paragraph 7?

  A.Bold B. Harmful C. Careless D. Desperate

  (2002 text4)

  这是2002年第四篇阅读的一道词义选择题。虽然,阅读题的解答在很大程度上取决于考生对文章的理解,但有时过硬的词汇基本功也能帮我们解决不少难题甚至是节省时间。像这里,如果考生认识Bold这个词,知道它有“不计后果的鲁莽,草率,大胆”等意思的话,会直接选择答案A。其实很多时候词义选择题就是烂俗的同义词替换,但是这也只是阅读题中考察同义词最为浅显的方式。我们知道占到考研阅读百分之七十的细节题以及一部分推理题的解题关键就在于同意替换。那么同意替换的是什么呢?其实选项中会出现一个词或是词组恰恰是文中关键信息中某个词或词组的替换。还是来看一道考研真题:22. Newspaper reviews in England before World War Ⅱ were characterized by

  Free themes B. casual style C. elaborate layout

  Radical viewpoints

  这是2010年text1中的一道考题,在阅读完题干后,我们根据“World War Ⅱ”定位到二段首句:we are even farther removed from unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World war Ⅱ ,…

  在这句话中,如果我们稍加留意,会发现这里出现了“unfocused没有焦点的,没有重点的”这个直接修饰newspaper reviews的形容词,那么根据选项,只有答案A最符合题意。像这样的情况,可以说在考研阅读题中比比皆是。所以,在考研单词的复习中,对于同义词的组记也是至关重要的。

  2021考研英语:语法知识点的原则解析

  【例题1】They will take home not the problems of science and technology, the benefit.

  A.except B. nor C. or D. but

  解析:根据空格两端内容信息判定,它们之间是转折关系,因此选D。

  【例题2】Misunderstanding is oftenbutsometimes serious.

  A.filling B. surprising C. anxious D. amusing

  解析:通过but可以判断空的位置与已知表语形容词serious之间为转折关系,因此选D。

  具体体现形式列举:

  1)名词与名词并列:

  Time and tide wait for no man.时不我待。

  2)动词与动词并列:

  He never smokes or drinks.他从不抽烟,也不喝酒。

  3)形容词与形容词并列:

  Tom is healthy and handsome.汤姆既健康又英俊。

  4)介宾短语与介宾短语并列:

  Virtue dwells not in the tongue but in the heart.看人看心不看嘴。

  5)从句与从句并列:

  I know that he has been arrested and that he is in prison.我知道他已经被捕并且进了监狱。

  6)句子与句子并列:

  She looks very young, but she is already in her 30’s.她看上去很年轻,可是她已三十多岁了。

  It never rains but it pours.祸不单行。

  【补充】并列连词and, but, as well as, or, or else, both…and, neither…nor, either…or, not only…but(also), rather than, as…as等以及从属连词than可连接两个对等的词和对等的结构。

  1)所连接的谓语形式必须一致

  【例句】He went shopping, bought some gifts and visited his old friend.

  2)所连接的词或短语形式必须一致

  【例句】Your success is based not only on what achievement you make, but also on what you are.

  3)连接的非谓语动词的形式必须一致

  【例句】People find eating vegetables more healthy than fasting.

  4)所连接的句子结构必须一致

  【例句】My girlfriend is pleased with what I have said and all that I have done.

  英语表达中有一个不成文的原则,叫作避免重复原则。比方说在并列句中,并列连词左右两边的部分,在内容上有重复的,一般后面的部分要省略掉重复的内容。但是两边部分的内容结构一定是对称的和平衡的。今天讲的“do but do”原则就是并列句中的一种典型句式,希望对大家有帮助。

  推荐阅读:

  2021考研英语词汇:词汇量累积的6种方法

  2021考研英语:短期提升词汇量的技巧

  2021考研英语:英语词汇的记忆方法


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