2021考研英语：完型填空练习解析(1)

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　　2021考研英语：完型填空练习解析(1)

　　Section II Use of English

　　Directions:

　　Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and put your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)

　　Reading to oneself is a modern activity which was almost unknown to the scholars of the classical and 21 worlds, while during the fifteenth century the term “reading” 22 meant reading aloud. Only during the nineteenth century did silent reading become commonplace. One should be wary, however, of 23 that silent reading came about simply because reading aloud is a(n) 24 to others. Examination of factors related to the 25 development of silent reading reveals that it became the usual mode of reading for most adult reading tasks mainly because the tasks themselves changed in 26 .

　　The last century saw a steady gradual increase in 27 , and thus in the number of readers. As readers increased, the number of potential listeners 28 , and thus there was some 29 in the need to read aloud. As reading for the benefit of listeners grew less common, so came the flourishing of reading as a 30 activity in such public places as libraries, railway carriages and offices, where reading aloud would 31 distraction to other readers.

　　Towards the end of the century there was still 32 argument over whether books should be used for information or treated 33 , and over whether the reading of material such as newspapers was in some way 34 weakening. Indeed this argument remains with us still in education. 35 , its virtues, the old shared literacy culture had gone and was 36 by the printed mass media on the one hand and by books and periodicals for a 37 readership on the other.

　　By the end of the century students were being recommended to adopt attitudes to books and to use skills in reading them which were inappropriate, 38 not impossible, for the oral reader. The social, cultural, and technological changes in the century had greatly 39 what the term “reading” 40 .

　　21.[A] contemporary[B] modern[C] medieval [D] western

　　22.[A] undoubtedly[B] really[C] absolutely[D] accordingly

　　23.[A] imagining[B] consuming[C] resuming[D] assuming

　　24.[A] interruption[B] distraction[C] bother[D] pressure

　　25.[A] historical[B] historic[C] history[D] historian

　　26.[A] quality[B] character[C] personality[D] distinctiveness

　　27.[A] literate[B] illiterate[C] literacy[D] literature

　　28.[A] receded[B] declined[C] increased[D] expanded

　　29.[A] limitation[B] necessity[C] reduction[D] shrink

　　30.[A] private[B] overt[C] public[D] secret

　　31.[A] cause[B] effect[C] produce[D] realize

　　32.[A] considerable[B] considerate[C] moderate[D] immoderate

　　33.[A] respectively[B] honorably[C] respectfully[D] relatively

　　34.[A] largely[B] intelligently[C] mentally[D] physically

　　35.[A] However[B]Whatever[C] Whichever[D] Wherever

　　36.[A] replaced[B] taken[C] followed[D] distinguished

　　37.[A] specific[B] special[C] specified[D] specialized

　　38.[A] and[B] if[C] but[D] or

　　39.[A] translated[B] differed[C] shifted[D] altered

　　40.[A] inferred[B] advised[C] induced[D] implied

　　2021考研英语：完形做题方法大集

　　一、完形常考八大考点

　　1、例子

　　例子经常出现在命题中，而且题型多为作者观点态度题。此类题型主要针对文章中所举之例的作用进行发问。

　　我们应该注意例子的出现无非有两种情况：一是先提观点后举例二是先举例后提出观点。而该观点就是作者引用例子所要说明或反驳的。因此见到例子后，我们应该迅速查找其上下文，目的在其中。过历年试题分析，发现先提观点后举例的情况占多数。

　　2、引语

　　文章中出现的引语基本上都是考点，只是采用不同的题型而已，如推理引申题、句意理解题、作者意图题等等。特别注意首段引语的三种作用：第一，作为支持作者观点的论据第二，作为作者批判的靶子第三，给出文章大背景。

　　3、长难句

　　考点一般集中在长难句上。这些句子的共同点就是同位语、定语和分句很多主语和谓语之间的距离很远，还时常伴有插入成分。主要考查句子之间的指代或逻辑关系，以引申推理题、事实细节题等多种形式出现。理解长难句的要领就是先找出主干，化繁为简，然后再看各个分句或修饰成分与它的关系。

　　4、因果句

　　(1)出这类题时，文章中一般都since，for，because，as，therefore，resultin，originatefrom这些标志词。没有标志词的就需要过上下文推出二者的因果关系。

　　(2)当有多种原因时，主要原因常考。

　　5、段首段尾常考

　　考点一般是段首句的总览全局，段尾句的提炼、理解，或者段首段尾相呼应表达的文章主题。

　　6、转折处或对比处

　　在历年考题中，转折和对比一直受到命题者的青睐。文章过however，but，infact，yet等逻辑词进行转折，转折后的内容常常是作者真正表达的内容。对比常用unlike，differentfrom，until，notsomuchas等词语引导，考的是对比双方的属性。对转折题，我们要着重把握作者转折后的观点。对于文章中出现的将两种人或两种观点进行对比时，我们要准确把握每一种的特点，避免被张冠李戴的选项迷惑。

　　7、复指处

　　考点是复指代词或与复指副词作用相同的词。1996以前此类题目大多是直接问考生文章某句中的it或that指代什么。近几年此类题目的问法开始转向隐蔽。我们在遇到此类题时应该记住，题目的答案所在位置定在复指词的上文中。因此，只需返回原文，在复指词上方扫描即可找到正确答案。

　　8、类比比喻

　　议论文和说明文在论证说明事理的时候均很抽象。

　　为了让读者更形象地理解一些抽象的内容，文章常采用类比的手法。形象的类比不仅有助于将抽象的道理阐释清楚，更可以让读者加深印象。类比在文中有两种体现方式，一是明喻，即A像B一样二是暗喻，说A是B，由于暗喻更加隐蔽，近年来命题老师越来越趋向于在暗喻内容上设问。

　　二、获取解题信息的5种方法

　　1、从主题句中获取解题信息

　　一般情况下，考研英语完型填空题在设计试题时总是会保留一个完整的主旨表达句以便于考生能够更加易于理解文章的内容。主旨句一般设于文章开头，因此考生要充分的利用段首句提供的信息，找到文章的主要线索和大体的脉络，挖掘文章的思路，才能准确答题。

　　2、从上下文中获取解题信息

　　完型填空的文章一般是围绕着一个话题进行论述的，是一个意义相关联的语篇，文章中的词语会有重复、替代以及同现现象。因此相对应的答案也就可能是上下文中复现或同现的相关词，考生在解题的过程中就应该联系上下文来找到相关的线索，如某一个词的原词、指代词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词和概括词等。

　　3、从文章各部分、各层次之间的逻辑关系获取解题信息

　　要想深入理解文章，就得理清文章的结构以及文章各段落之间的关系，每个部分是如何表现出文章主题思想的，这样才能更加准确把握带空句子所需要的是什么内容。当然这就要求考生对英语词组、短语、习惯用法等等的英语搭配具有扎实的功底。

　　4、从词汇、语法等知识及搭配关系中获取解题信息

　　一般需要注意的文章中出现的搭配关系：

　　逻辑搭配：包括过渡词、连接手段、指代关系、肯定、否定等

　　语义搭配：包括区别同义词、近义词、反义词、形近异义词、同形异义词

　　结构搭配：指名词、动词、形容词等在句中或文中与其他词的搭配

　　惯用搭配：即通常所说的固定短语。

　　5、从背景、社会常识获取解题信息

　　一般来说最佳答案都是符合常识的，有时候文章中所提供的信息也许不足以帮助到考生找到答案，此时就需要考生把一些符合常识的知识信息结合起来看了，因此考生的知识范围越广，就越容易理解文章的内容，答题起来也就会相对的得心应手起来。

　　三、完型填空规律破解

　　1、常作为正确选项出现的词汇：however、although、yet、because、but、by、capacity、however、of、moreover、offer、onlyif、that、which、against、any、apparent、asif、available、frequently、message、nevertheless、nor、publication、suchas、something、upon等

　　常作为错误选项出现的词汇：about、since、at、ifonly、if、nowthat、restrict、provided、similar、since、stimulate、unless、what、incase等。

　　2、同现和复现是词汇的衔接手段。完形填空所给出的文章往往有明确的主线，作者会使用一些关键词围绕主线贯穿全文。这些关键词可能会原封不动地重复出现，也可能会以其他形式出现(例如同义词、近义词、上义词等)。我们可以根据文章的关键词和文章的导向来解答一下题目，例如，如果判断出一个空格是上下文关键词的复现，那么我们只要从选项中选出与关键词意义相同的表达即可。

　　3、"态度一致"。考研完型填空文章通常"完美"，通篇作者态度一致，从一个高度去指导整个行文。有些题目没有具体线索可以找到时，可以从作者态度去判断答案。

　　4、选项里面有任何修辞意义的词汇，基本上是正确答案。我们用角色互换的感觉去体会出题人的用意，就不难理解，即可确认答案也可做验证。同时，考生们也可积极寻找和思考其他没有出题处的类似情况。

　　5、如出现陌生的选项词汇，这里注意，两个原则，选择相对简单的词汇，不要选择偏的怪的词汇。

　　6、选项特点。绝对同义选项两个都错：11%的分数，也就是1.1分相对同义选项，也就是约等于选项，这就是出题点或是题眼，细微的差别就是考试的考点二选一，其中一个须对：18%的分数，也就是1.8分。大家还是要认真的思考。而所谓的"反义选项"，理论上应该是二选一，但是实际有反例，请大家注意。当四个选项都有一个共同意义时，该意义往往不能入选，要看选项的特殊含义。

　　7、有时会遇到这样的情况，大部分词都填出来了，只有一、两个难词绞尽脑汁仍不得要领，如果考试时间允许，不要轻易放弃，要穷追不舍，先从语法角度考虑，再从逻辑角度考虑是否有隐含意思、作者的情感以及背景文化和习俗等。有时句子好像什么也不缺，读上去很完整，就须考虑，很可能缺的就是连词and，副词then、always、sometimes等，如果还未填出，应反复默念几遍，有些词就会悄然而至，在你的记忆中浮现出来。

　　8、如果同学在考场上最后做完型时实在没有时间了，可以快速浏览文章，把自己能快速判断答案的题目做出来，然后剩下的其他题目蒙同一个选项(要蒙已经做出的确定对的答案中没有或很少的选项)。A作为正确选项的个数最多，没有连续三个答案都一样的情况。

　　2021考研英语：完型填空练习解析(2)

　　Section II Use of English

　　Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)

　　Health implies more than physical fitness. It also implies mental and emotional well-being. An angry, frustrated, emotionally 21 person in good physical condition is not 22 healthy. Mental health, therefore, has much to do 23 how a person copes with the world as s/he exists. Many of the factors that 24 physical health also affect mental and emotional well-being.

　　Having a good self-image means that people have positive 25 pictures and good, positive feelings about themselves, about what they are capable 26 , and about the roles they play. People with good self-images like themselves, and they are 27 like others. Having a good self-image is based 28 a realistic, as well as positive, or optimistic 29 of one’s own worth and value and capabilities.

　　Stress is an unavoidable, necessary, and potentially healthful 30 of our society. People of all ages 31 stress. Children begin to 32 stress during prenatal development and during childbirth. Examples of stress-inducing 33 in the life of a young person are death of a pet, pressure to 34 academically, the divorce of parents, or joining a new youth group. The different ways in which individuals 35 to stress may bring healthful or unhealthy results. One person experiencing a great deal of stress may function exceptionally well 36 another may be unable to function at all. If stressful situations are continually encountered, the individual’s physical, social, and mental health are eventually affected.

　　Satisfying social relations are vital to 37 mental and emotional health. It is believed that in order to 38 , develop, and maintain effective and fulfilling social relationships people must 39 the ability to know and trust each other, understand each other, influence, and help each other. They must also be capable of 40 conflicts in a constructive way.

　　21. [A] unstable [B] unsure [C] imprecise [D] impractical

　　22. [A] normally [B] generally [C] virtually [D] necessarily

　　23. [A] on [B] at [C] to [D] with

　　24. [A] signify [B] influence [C] predict [D] mark

　　25. [A] intellectual [B] sensual [C] spiritual [D] mental

　　26. [A] to be doing [B] with doing [C] to do [D] of doing

　　27. [A] able better to [B] able to better [C] better to able [D] better able to

　　28. [A] on [B] from [C] at [D] about

　　29. [A] assessment [B] decision [C] determination [D] assistance

　　30. [A] ideality [B] realization [C] realism [D] reality

　　31. [A] occur [B] engage [C] confront [D] encounter

　　32. [A] tolerate [B] sustain [C] experience [D] undertake