中考英语易错题(8)
湖北省宜昌市第五中学 葛 林
1. come
[误]I came across with an old friend in the street yesterday.
[正]I came across an old friend in the street yesterday.
[析] come across是“偶然碰见、遇见”，要直接加宾语，如：I've just come across a beautiful poem in this magazine.
[误]A: Where do you come from? B: I come from the station.
[正]A: Where did you come from? B: I came from the station.
[正]A: Where do you come from? B: I come from China.
[析] Where do you come from?意为“你是什么地方的人?”而Where did you come from?则是“你从何处来?”
[误]The stars are coming out from the cloud.
[正]The stars are coming out of the cloud.
[析]come out of意为“从……地方出来”。
come in, come into, enter
come in与come into的意义相同，但come into后面要加宾语，而come in后面不用宾语。如I found someone came into my room. The door opened and the child came in.
enter常作为及物动词使用，如：The bus entered the English tunnel.
2. congratulate
[误]I want to congratulate you for your success with all my heart.
[正]I want to congratulate you on your success with all my heart.
[析]动词congratulate somebody on something是“向某人祝贺某事”。其名词congratulation在用时一般要用复数，如：I offered him my congratulations on his success.又如：Congratulations!
3. cook
[误]My father is a good cooker.
[正]My father is a good cook.
[析]很多动词加上er则变为执行该动作的一种人，如work --- worker, teach --- teacher. 但cook即是动词“做饭”，同时名词也是“厨师”。而cooker则是“厨具”、“炊具”之意。如：I will cook the dinner. I bought a good press cooker(高压锅)。
4. corner
[误]There is a post office in the corner of the street.
[正]There is a post office at the corner of the street.
[误]A girl sat at the corner of the room.
[正]A girl sat in the corner of the room.
[析] in the corner是在建筑物内部的角上，而at the corner是在外部的角上，如：There is a big tree at the corner of the building.
5. cost
[误]I cost ten dollars for the book.
[正]I spent ten dollars on the book.
[误]I cost two hours to do my homework.
[正]It took me two hours to do my homework.
[析]cost，spend，take都可以作“花费”讲，但用法不同。cost的用法是“something + cost + somebody + 时间或金钱”，如：The book cost me ten dollars. spend的用法是“somebody + spend + 时间 + (in)doing something”，如：I spent two hours (in) writing this book. 或“somebody + spend + 金钱 + on something”，如：I spend two dollars on this book. 而take的用法则要用逻辑主语it：“It + takes + somebody + 时间 + to do something”, 如：It took me an hour to clean the classroom.
6. country
[误]You can find cows in a country.
[正]You can find cows in the country.
[析]country即可作“国家”讲，也可作“农村”讲。当作“农村”讲时，一定要加定冠词，而且只有单数形式。
[误]Farmers live in the countries.
[正]Farmers live in the country.
[析]但作为“国家”讲时则可有单、复数形式，例如：Japan is an Asian country. Japan, China, and India are Asian countries.另外，country一般指的是地理概念上的国家，如：New Zealand is an agricultural country. 而nation多指民族组成的国家，如：The Chinese nation(中华民族)。state多侧重于政权方面的区域、国家范围，如：the state farm(国营农场)。
7. cross
[误]There are traffic lights at the cross.
[正]There are traffic lights at the crossing.
[析]cross作为名词讲时是十字架、十字形的东西，如：Red Cross(红十字会)。
[误]The little boy is going to across the street.
[正]The little boy is going to cross the street.
[析]across是副词或介词，但不能作动词用。
cross, pass
cross是指横过某地，如：He crossed the square. 而pass则强调从某物体旁经过，如：I mailed some letters when I passed the post office.
8. crowd
[误]The room soon was crowded by people.
[正]The room soon was crowded with people.
[析]crowded在这句话中应作为形容词，所以这句话不是被动语态而是系表结构，如：The room was crowded with books.
9. cup
[误]A silver glass was given to the winner.
[正]A silver cup was given to the winner.
[误]My mother was looking for the whisky cup.
[正]My mother was looking for the whisky glass.
[析]glass一般指由玻璃制成的器皿，而cup多指用陶瓷或金属制成的杯子，且cup尤其用在奖杯上。喝酒多用的是玻璃制成的杯子，如我们讲I drink a glass of wine at supper. 而不讲I drink a cup of wine at supper.
10. dance
[误]We'll invite you and your wife to a dance party.
[正]We'll invite you and your wife to a dancing party.
[正]We'll invite you and your wife to a dance.
[正]We'll invite you and your wife to a ball.(美语中常用ball作为舞会。)
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