2012中考英语冲刺必备知识 45

2012-06-13 09:33:40 2012中考英语

  中考英语易错题(16)

  湖北省宜昌市第五中学 葛 林

  1. hear 

  [误]He was heard sing in the next room.

  [正]He was heard to sing in the next room.

  [析]hear somebody do something这一句式用于被动语态时要把原来省略的不定式to还原回来。而在hear somebody doing something这一句式中则不会出现上述问题。如,主动态:I heard her singing in the next room. 变为被动态时为:She was heard singing in the next room. 这种用法还适用于see, look, observe, watch, notice, listen to等。

  hear, listen to 

  hear一词为听见了什么,或听到什么,强调其结果;而listen to则强调有意要听,听的倾向。如:I want to listen to you, but I hear nothing.

  但词组hear about (of)则为“听说过”之意,如:I heard about this.(我听说过此事。)而hear from则为“收到某人信件”之意:I often hear from my girl friend.

  2. help 

  [误]Please help my homework.

  [正]Please help me do my homework.

  [正]Please help me with my homework.

  [析]help其句型是help somebody do (to do) something. 意为“帮某人作某事”,但在较古老的语法中不带to的不定式表示句子的主语参加这个动作,如:He helps his mother cook the meal. 即“他和母亲一起做饭。”而He helps me to do my homework. 则是“他指导我做作业”。但在现代英语中这个区别则往往被取消了。所以带to与不带to的不定式在句中意思相同,并无区别。

  [误]When I read the play I can't help to think of my childhood.

  [正]When I read the play I can't help thinking of my childhood.

  [析]can't help doing something是“身不由己,情不自禁做某事”。

  [误]Help yourself with some cakes.

  [正]Help yourself to some cakes.

  [析]中文中讲“你自己拿蛋糕吃”,英文中要用help somebody to something.

  3. here 

  [误]Here the bus comes!

  [正]Here comes the bus!

  [析]副词在句首时一般要用倒装语序,即谓语动词的位置前移。但是,若主语是人称代词,则还是要用正常语序,如:Here we are!

  4. high 

  [误]He is very high.

  [正]He is very tall.

  [析]英语中的两个“高”,即high和tall,其中tall指人指物都是可以的,但high则只指物体的高,所以可以讲This building is the highest building in the city.但tall一般不用来指山脉的高低。

  5. hit 

  [误]The mother got angry and hit the boy.

  [正]The mother got angry and beat the boy.

  [析]hit指打到某物之上,一般指一次性打击,如He hit his head against the wall.(他把头撞到了墙上。)而beat则指多次性的打击。

  6. home 

  [误]I'm tired. It's time I went to home.

  [正]I'm tired. It's time I went home.

  [析] home此处用作副词,所以不应加to,又如:I arrived home at eleven thirty yesterday evening.而at home除了“在家”之意外,还有像“在家里一样”之意。如Make yourself at home.(不要拘束就像在家一样。)

  home,house, family 

  home是指与亲人一起居住的地方,可以讲a letter from home,所以有人解释home包括住处和家人。而house的侧重点则在建筑物,如Many new houses were built this year. family一词,作为整体讲其谓语动词用单数,如:Her family is a happy one.而作为家庭成员讲时要用复数谓语动词,如:My family are all like swimming.

  7. homework 

  [误]I have so many homework to do today.

  [正]I have so much homework to do today.

  [析]homework为不可数名词。同样的词还有work(work作为“著作”“作品”“工厂”讲时为可数名词),fun, health information等。

  8. hope 

  [误]I hope you to be a good student.

  [正]I hope you will be a good student.

  [析]hope一词不能接宾语再加上宾语补足语,但它可以接不定式作宾语,如:I hope to be a scientist.而wish却可以接宾语加宾语补足语,如:I wish you to be a good student.

  [误]I don't hope you will go to the park tomorrow.

  [正]I hope you won't go to the park tomorrow.

  [析]hope 和think在否定句中的用法不同,如“我认为你错了”。应译为:I don't think you are right.即否定在前。而hope则不能这样用。又如在答语中“我不这样认为”应译为I don't think so.或I hope not. 

  [误]I hope your help.

  [正]I hope for your help.

  [析]hope for为“期望某事发生”,虽然hope是及物动词,但表达期望某事情发生要用“hope for+名词”这一结构。

  [误]I was hopeful to pass the exam.

  [正]I was hopeful of passing the exam.

  [析]对某事存有希望应用“hopeful of (about)+介词宾语”这一结构。

  9. hospital 

  [误]My mother was in the hospital for two weeks.

  [正]My mother was in hospital for two weeks.

  [析] in hospital为“住院就医”。而in (at) the hospital 为“在医院(工作)”。如:He is a doctor in (at) the hospital.类似的用法还有很多,如:“上学”为go to school,at school为“在校就读”,go to bed为“上床睡觉”。

  10. how 

  [误]I want to know how to do.

  [正]I want to know how to do it.

  [析]how 是关联副词,要注意与关联代词的不同用法。如:I want to know what to do.

  [误]How do you think about it?

  [正]What do you think about it?

  [析]英文中表达你对某事的看法如何应用What do you think about … 这一句式。

  11. hurry 

  [误]Let's hurry. There is a little time left.

  [正]Let's hurry. There is little time left.

  [误]Don't worry. There is little time left.

  [正]Don't worry. There is a little time left.

  [析]请注意英语中的惯用法:“快点吧,没时间了”,或“别着急还有一点时间。”

  [误]The car is hurrying through the street.

  [正]The car is rushing through the street.

  [析]hurry一词只用于人而不用于物体。

  12. hundred 

  [误]There are two hundreds people here.

  [正]There are two hundred people here.

  [误]There are hundred of people here.

  [正]There are hundreds of people here.

  [析]hundred一词前如有数字时不论多少其后都不加s,这和thousand(千)等数量词的用法一样,而hundreds of是数百的,这一词组一定要加s.

  13. hurt 

  [误]I don't want to wound her feelings.

  [正]I don't want to hurt her feelings.

  [析]wound是指战场上的刀枪伤(名词),或用刀枪“伤害”“打伤”(动词)。

 


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