中考英语易错题(17)
湖北省宜昌市第五中学 葛 林
1. if
[误]If it will rain I won't go to school tomorrow.
[正]If it rains I won't go to school tomorrow.
[析]由if引起的状语从句要用一般时表示将来。
[误]I want to know if he comes here tomorrow.
[正]I want to know if he will come here tomorrow.
[析]if所引起的如果是宾语从句则不能用一般现在时表示将来。
[误]I want to know if it will rain tomorrow he will come or not.
[正]I want to know if it rains tomorrow he will come or not.
[析]这里的if从句是整个宾语从句的条件状语，所以，还应用一般时表示将来。
2. ill
[误]He spent many years looking after his ill father.
[正]He spent many years looking after his sick father.
[析]ill和sick都可以作表语，如：I'm ill (sick). 美国英语中常用sick，而英国英语中两者都可用，但ill一般不作定语。
3. in
[误]In a cold morning, I went to school alone.
[正]On a cold morning, I went to school alone.
[析]在in the morning或 in the afternoon词组中，不论在这两个名词的前或后加任何修饰词，其介词in都要变为on.
[误]I will finish it after two days.
[正]I will finish it in two days.
[析]中文中几天以后可以完成，或几天后来取，在译为英文时都不要用after，而要用in. 如：He will be back in a few days.
4. instead
[误]The boy stayed in bed all day instead to go to school.
[正]The boy stayed in bed all day instead of going to school.
[析] instead of其后要接动名词、名词或代词，而不能用不定式，如： I choose this book instead of that one.
[误]The beer here is not good, so I drink wine instead of it.
[正]The beer here is not good, so I drink wine instead.
[析] instead是副词，而instead of是介词短语。如：If you are not free, you may come another day instead.
5. interest
[误]He has a great interest for physics.
[正]He has a great interest in physics.
[误]He has some interest in many companies.
[正]He has some interests in many companies.
[析] interest作为“兴趣”讲可用作不可数名词，但作为“利息”“股份”讲时为可数名词。
[误]This is an interested book.
[正]This is an interesting book.
[析]修饰物时应用interesting, 如：an interesting film，而讲某人对某事感兴趣时要用过去分词interested，如：I'm interested in this play. 但“他是一个十分有趣的人”。应译为He is an interesting man. 所以interesting 是“令人感兴趣”之意，而interested则表示某人对某事物感兴趣，多用“be interested in something”这一句型。
6. invent
[误]America was invented by Christopher Columbus in 1492.
[正]America was discovered by Christopher Columbus in 1492.
[析] invent意为“发明”即从无到有，如： Compass was invented by the Chinese people. 而discover则意为“发现”。
7. it
[误]That takes me ten years to finish this work.
[正]It takes me ten years to finish this work.
[析]it在这个句中的语法作用是形式主语，而真正的主语是句子后面的不定式。有的句子要用it作形式主语或形式宾语，如：I think it difficult to learn English well.
8. join
[误]Did you attend the football club?
[正]Did you join the football club?
[析]join经常用于参加某个团体、政党，并作为其中的一个成员;attend则重点强调出会议、到场，而不一定进行具体活动，如： Did you attend the meeting yesterday?而take part in则强调参与某些具体活动或运动，如：I take part in the football game.
9. just
[误]I have finished my work just now.
[正]I finished my work just now.
[析]just now意为“刚才”，所以句中的谓语动词要用过去式。
[误]Just I won the game.
[正]I just won the game.
[析] just单独使用时不应放在句首，而应放于① be动词之后，如：He is just a student.② 名词与一般动词之间。③用在第一助动词之后，如：I have just returned home. 但just与其他词组成词组时，如just now, just then, 则可用于句首和句尾。如：Just then he saw the bus coming.
10. keep
[误]She was keeping something to her father.
[正]She was keeping something from her father.
[析]“对某人隐瞒某事”要用“keep something from somebody”句型。
[误]He kept to repeat the word again and again.
[正]He kept repeating the word again and again.
[析]keep doing something为连续不断地做某事。有时可以与keep on doing something互换。它们的区别在于keep doing something意为该动作一直不停地在进行中，如：When the train started, she kept waving her hand. 而keep on doing something则表示该动作可能停顿但却一直在进行中，如：He kept on making the same mistakes in grammar.
[误]We must keep up the times.
[正]We must keep up with the times.
[析]这句话意为“我们必须赶上时代”，keep up with是“赶上”之意，而keep up则是“坚持下去”的意思，如：Keep it up, don't stop now!
11. key
[误]I lost the key of the door.
[正]I lost the key to the door.
[析]英语中讲某某的东西一般要用of，而key, entrance, answer则多用to，如：“门的钥匙”为key to the door, “高速公路入口”为entrance to the highway, “问题的答案”为the answer (key) to the question.
12. kind
[误]This kind of books are not good.
[正]This kind of books is not good.
[析]kind在这种句式中应作为主语，如果讲Those kinds of books are very good. 则是正确的。
kind, sort, type
kind和sort为同义词，意为“种类”，而type则为“型号”，如：What type of this car do you want?(你想要这种车的什么型号?)
13. knock
[误]Someone was knocking the door.
[正]Someone was knocking at the door.
[析]knock 虽可以作及物动词，如：The car knocked a hole in the fence. 但作“敲门”讲一定要用作不及物动词：knock at (on) the door.
14. know
[误]I want to know to play this game.
[正]I want to know how to play this game.
[析] 要注意英语中在不定式前加疑问代词或疑问副词的用法。如：I want to know how to do it / what to do / when to do it / where to go.
know, know of
I know him.为“我很了解他。”而I know of him. 则为“我听说过他。”同样的用法还有hear和hear of这一词组。
15. large
[误]He found a large number of mistake in his homework.
[正]He found a large number of mistakes in his homework.
[析]“a large number of + 复数名词”，意为大量的。
作者简介：葛林，男，中学英语高级教师，曾在《21世纪英语报》《英语学习》《英语沙龙》等报刊杂志发表教学辅导类文章数十篇，并参与数项省部级科研课题，主要致力于初中英语中考及解题方法、技巧等教学方面的研究。
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