adj.表示人和事物的特征，对名词起修饰和描绘作用
adv. 表示动作特征或性状，主要修饰动词、形容词、副词及整个句子
一、形容词、副词的比较级
1.原级：表示A与B在某方面相同。
句型：1) A + 谓 + as + 原级 + as + B
2) A + 谓(否定) + as/so + 原级 + as + B
注意：not as / so… as = less …than 不及;不如
eg. 1)This girl is as beautiful as that one.
2)You don’t eat so much as I.
3)This book isn’t as interesting as that one
= This book is ___ ________ _____ that one
2.比较级：两者进行比较(常与than连用)
1)I am cleverer than you 我比你聪明。
2)He runs faster than Jim 他比Jim跑得快。
3)I picked more apples than Jim.我比你摘的苹果多。
4)Which is more interesting, this one or that one? 哪本书更有趣，这本还是那本?
3.最高级：三者(或三者以上)进行比较(常与表范围的in , of短语连用)
( 注意：of + 个体名词单数 in + 集合名词 )
eg. 1)Shanghai is the biggest city in China.
2)He runs fastest in our class.
3)He is the tallest of the three boys.
4)Which is the easiest, Lesson1, Lesson2 or Lesson3 ?
4.形、副比较等级的其他用法
1) “比较级and 比较级” 表示 “越来越……”
eg. lazier and lazier 越来越懒
(但注意：如果多音节词用此结构时应为 more and more + 形、副)
eg. more and more beautiful 越来越漂亮
2) “the比较级，the比较级” “越……，越……”
eg. the more, the better 多多益善
_________ you are, _______ you will get.
你越懒，收获越少。
3) “the比较级of +二者” “二者中较……的一个”
eg. 1) Lucy is the younger of the twins.
2) Of(A) the two books(B) this one(C) is thicker(D). _________
4)表示二者相差多少用 “具体数量 + 比较级”
eg. He’s a head taller than me.
My brother is two years older than me
5)表示“是……几倍”时用“twice; three times等 + as…as”
eg. 1)This book costs twice as much as that one. 这本书的价钱是那本书的两倍。
6)区别older / elder与farther / further
older(年龄较老的)
elder(指兄弟姐妹中排行在前的)
eg. My ______ brother is ______ than me.
farther (指距离“较远的”)
further(指抽象事物的“更进一步的”)
eg.1)He went abroad for ________ studies.
2)Fusun is _________ from our school than Zhaohua.
二、形、副比较等级还应注意
1.比较级前用a little ; much / a lot ; even / still来加强语气，表示“……一点儿;……得多 ; 更……”
eg. 1) a little bigger 大一点儿
2)much more 多得多
3)even heavier更重
但注意：不能在比较级前加so; too; very; quite等。
2.比较级必须是同类事物相比(即as; than后的词应与主语是同类事物)，注意常用漏的代词有：that; those; one; ones
eg. 1)The apples in this basketare redder than in that basket.
2)Our bedroom is bigger than Lily.
3.表示“第二、第三……”时，可在最高级前加“second , third, …”(但“第一”不能用first)
eg. The Changjiang River is the first longest river in China. 改错：________________
4.形、副比较级和最高级的变化规则
A、规则变化
①一般在词尾加er或est
②以e结尾的只加r或st
③以辅音字母加y结尾的，先变y为i，再加er或est
④以重读闭音节结尾的词，先双写最末的一个辅音字母，再加er或est
5.多音节和部分双音节词，前加more为比较级，加(the)most为最高级
6、不规则变化
原级比较级最高级
good/wellbetterbest
many/muchmoremost
bad/ill/badlyworseworst
littlelessleast
oldolder/elderoldest/eldest
farfarther
furtherfarthest
furthest
4)在形容词的最高级前一般加the, 副词的最高级前一般不加the (但当形容词最高级前有物主代词、所有格时则不再加the)。
eg. Lily is my the best friend.(改错) ________
5)形容词作表语、定语，修饰名词(但部分形容词不能作定语，只能表语,如：ill ; alone ; asleep ; afraid ; interested ; excited ; surprised ).
三、注意：副词的种类、用法及位置
1.副词的种类
(1)时间副词
①表示大体时间：now，then，yesterday，today， tonight，before，justnow，recently，sO faf
②表示频率：always，usually，often，sometimes.seldom，never
③其它作用：already，yet，late，early，soon，at once，immediately，atfirst，at last，finally
(2)地点副词
①表地点：here，there，home，abroad，upstairs，downstairs，anywhere，everywhere，nowhere，somewhere
②表位置关系(后接宾语时，用作介词)：above，below，round，around，down，up，in，out，inside，outside，across，back，along，over，away，near，off,past
(3)方式副词 表示谓语动词“怎样地”，(此类副词大部分由形容词加ly构成)：badly，bravely，gratefully，calmly，carefully，carelessly，nervously，proudly，patiently，politely，sadly，properly，rapidly，wrongly，suddenly
(4)程度副词 多数用来修饰形容词或副词：much，(a)little，a bit，very，sO，too，enough，quite,rather，completely，terribly，deeply，nearly，almost，hardly
(5)疑问副词 构成特殊疑问句：how，when, where，why
(6)连接副词 连接主语、宾语或表语从句：how，when，where，why
(7)关系副词 引导定语从句：when，where，why
(8)其它性质的副词 对整个句子进行说明，一般用逗号与主句隔开：frankly(坦率地说，说真的)，generally(一般说来)，luckily(幸运地是)，first of all(首先)等。
练 习
一、写出下列词的比较级和最高级
thin ____ ____ easy _____ ______
early ______ ______ new ______ ______
hot ______ ______ clever ______ _______
little _____ ______ late _____ ______
narrow______ ______fat _____ ______
many ______ _____ big _____ ______
dangerous__________ ___________
wonderful __________ ___________
careful __________ ____________
slowly __________ ____________
popular __________ ____________
二、选择填空
( )1.Which language is ____ , English, French or Chinese?
A. difficult B. the difficult
C. more difficult D. the most difficult
( )2.Yangpu Bridge is one of ___ in the world
A. bigger bridge B. the biggest bridge
C. the biggest bridges D. bigger bridges
( )3.Tom is taller than Mike. But he is not ____ Mike.
A. strong as B. so strong as
C. so strong D. as strong
( )4.Most of the people in Guangdong are getting ______.
A. more and rich B. more rich and more rich
C. richer and richer D. rich and rich
( )5.This text is ____ easier and ____ interes- ting than that one.
A. more ; much B. much ; more
C. more ; more D. much ; much
( )6.Which do you like ____, beef, pork or chicken?
A. good B. well C. better D. best
( )7.Put on more clothes. It is snowing ___ outside. A. strongly B. heavy C. heavily
( )8.John drives as ___ as Tom.
A. carefully B. good C. nice D. fine
( )9.Is China larger than ____ in Africa.
A. any country B. any other country
C. any countries D. all countries
( )10.My ___ brother is ___ than I.
A. elder, three years older B. older ; older
C. older; three years elder D. elder ; elder
( )11.Li Mei is more beautiful than ___ in her class.
A. any girl B. any other girl
C. all the girls D. any girls
( )12.This problem is ___ than that one.
A. ten times easy B. ten times easier
C. ten times more easy D. ten time easier
( )13.This film is ___ interesting than that one.
A. more B. much C. very D. the most
( )14.There is ___ in today’s newspaper.
A. interesting nothing B. nothing interesting
C. interested nothing D. nothing interested
( )15.The teacher asked all the students in the class to keep their eyes ____.
A. close B. to close C. closing D. closed
( )16.The fat man always says his meat looks ____ and sells _____.
A. good ; good B. well ; well
C. good ; well D. well ; good
( )17.It seems that men are ____ making computers than women.
A. better at B. good at
C. well in D. weak in
( )18.The word’s population is growing fast every minute, especially in some ___ countries
A. west B. more developed
C. east D. less developed
( )19.This bridge is not ___ long and wide ____ the one in my hometown.
A. so ; as B. very ; than C. too; as D. very ; as
( )20.I think the song in the film “Titanic” is ___ one of all the movie songs.
A. the most beautiful B. most beautiful
C. much more beautiful D. a beautiful
( )21.Lin Tao is as ___ as Zhang Hua.
A. strong B. stronger
C. strongest D. the strongest
( )22.Sara is ___ tired ___ move after the hard work.
A. very ; to B. quite ; to
C. too ; to D. so ; that
( )23. Jack didn’t run ___ to catch the bus.
A. enough fast B. quickly enough
C. enough slow D. slowly enough
( )24.The driver is very ___. He often drives his car _____.
A. careful ; careful B. carefully; carefully
C. carefully ; careful D. careful ; carefully
( )25.Look! All the children are working ___ on the farm.
A. careful B. hard C. busy D. happy
( )26.The population of Shanghai is ___ than that of Xi’an.
A. smaller B. fewer C. much D. larger
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