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英语专四专八经典翻译真题

英语专四专八
  1. The American economic system is, organized around a basically private-enterprise, market- oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.

  [参考译文] 美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的,在这种经济中,消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来。

  2. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.

  [参考译文] 因此,在美国的经济体系中,个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望和个人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相结合,一起决定了什么应该被制造,以及资源如何被用来制造它们。

  3. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.

  [参考译文] 另一方面,如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降,那么这就有可能增加卖方和制造商能提供的供给,而这也就会反过来降低价格并允许更多的消 费者购买产品。

  4. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.

  [参考译文] 在美国经济中,私有财产的概念不仅包含对生产资源的所有权,也指其他一些特定的权利,如确定一个产品价格和与另一个私人个体(经济单位) 自由签定合同的权利。

  5. At the same time these c...

与专四阅读翻译相关的英语考试

英语专八翻译汉译英范文(四)

英语专八 专八汉译英

  有一种人我最不喜欢和他下棋,那便是太有涵养的人。杀死他一大块,或是抽了他一个车,他神色自若,不动火,不生气,好像是无关痛痒,使得你觉得索然寡味。君子无所争,下棋却是要争的。当你给对方一个严重威胁的时候,对方的头上青筋暴露,黄豆般的汗珠一颗颗地在额上陈列出来,或哭丧着脸作惨笑,或咕嘟着嘴作吃屎状,或抓耳挠腮,或大叫一声,或长吁短叹,或自怨自艾口中念念有词,或一串串的噎嗝打个不休,或红头涨脸如关公,种种现象,不一而足,这时节你“行有余力”便可以点起一支烟,或啜一碗茶,静静地欣赏对方的苦闷的象征。我想猎人困逐一只野兔的时候,其愉快大概略相仿佛。因此我悟出一点道理,和人下棋的时候,如果有机会使对方受窘,当然无所不用其极,如果被对方所窘,便努力作出不介意状,因为既不能积极地给对方以烦恼,只好消极地减少对方的乐趣。

  背景介绍

  《下棋》是梁实秋散文中较有代表性的一篇,其显著特点之一,就是细致入微地写出了下棋、观棋和悟棋的独到而深刻的感受。下棋的最大乐趣在于自己局势有利时,静静地欣赏对方痛苦不堪的种种窘态。梁实秋先生一口气用了八个“或”字,把对方的窘态绘声绘色、惟妙惟肖地列举出来,使人如临其境,如闻其声。而在自己处于下风时,也应不动声色,减少对方的乐趣。

  难点解析

  1. 君子无所争: “君子”即 “gentleman”, “争”即 “竞争”(contest ),下棋也算是两人间的比赛 ,所以这里选用“contest”。全句译为“A real gentleman seldom contests with others.”。

  2. “下棋却是要争的”:这里的“争”也有 “竞争”的意思,但更含有一种想赢的心态 ,因此译为“do sb. down”,有“胜过某人”的意思。全句译为“He will, however, seek to do his opponent down in a game of chess.”。

  3. “当你给对方一个严重威胁的时候”:译为“when you put him on the spot”,词组“put sb. on the spot”意思是“使人为难,使某人陷入窘境”。

  4. “头上青筋暴露”:“青筋”即“blue veins”,全句译为“see blue veins standing out on his temples”,“头上”译为“on the temples”,“temple”指“太阳穴”。

  5. “黄豆般的汗珠”: “黄豆般的”即“the size of soybean”,故词组译为“drops of cold sweat the size of soybean”。

  6. “一颗颗地在额上陈列出来”:“一颗颗”并不需要译出 ,因为前面的“drops”一词已经体现出来 了。

  7. “哭丧着脸作惨笑”:“哭丧着脸”译为“a long face”,即“闷闷不乐的,不悦的脸色”。 “惨笑”译为“a wan smile”,“wan”原意为“无血色的,苍白的”。全句译为 “...wear a wan smile on his long face”。

  8. “咕嘟着嘴作吃屎状”:意思是 “涵养低的人落下风时嘟囔着嘴心情不好”,译为 “purse his lips in displeasure”,“purse”指“皱...

与专四阅读翻译相关的英语考试

阅读专研

专八翻译技巧(一)

英语考试 专八翻译 专八翻译技巧

  今天出国留学网为大家介绍三种专八翻译题的应试技巧,希望同学们认真掌握,下文《专八翻译技巧(一)》由出国留学网英语频道为您整理,希望对您有帮助,欢迎您访问出国留学网浏览更多考试资讯。

  正译法和反译法:这两种方法通常用于汉译英,偶尔也用于英译汉。所谓正译,是指把句子按照与汉语相同的语序或表达方式译成英语。所谓反译则是指把句子按照与汉语相反的语序或表达方式译成英语。正译与反译常常具有同义的效果,但反译往往更符合英语的思维方式和表达习惯。因此比较地道。

  如:

  (1)在美国,人人都能买到枪。

  In the United States, everyone can buy a gun. (正译)

  In the United States, guns are available to everyone. (反译)

  (2)你可以从因特网上获得这一信息。

  You can obtain this information on the Internet. (正译)

  This information is accessible/available on the Internet. (反译)

  (3)他突然想到了一个新主意。

  Suddenly he had a new idea. (正译)

  He suddenly thought out a new idea. (正译)

  A new idea suddenly occurred to/struck him. (反译)

  (4)他仍然没有弄懂我的意思。

  He still could not understand me. (正译)

  Still he failed to understand me. (反译)

  (5)无论如何,她算不上一位思维敏捷的学生。

  She can hardly be rated as a bright student. (正译)

  She is anything but a bright student. (反译)

  (6)Please withhold the document for the time being.

  请暂时扣下这份文件。(正译)

  请暂时不要发这份文件。(反译)

  希望以上例句能帮助大家更好地理解正译法和反译法的不同特点,在以后的翻译实践中成就更加地道完美的译文。

  倒置法:在汉语中,定语修饰语和状语修饰语往往位于被修饰语之前;在英语中,许多修饰语常常位于被修饰语之后,因此翻译时往往要把原文的语序颠倒过来。倒置法通常用于英译汉,即对英语长句按照汉语的习惯表达法进行前后调换,按意群或进行全部倒置,原则是使汉语译句安排符合现代汉语论理叙事的一般逻辑顺序。有时倒置法也用于汉译英。

  如:

  (1)At this moment, through the wonder of telecommunications, more people are s...

专八翻译复习方法

专八
  翻译是一门艺术, 同时又是一种实践。它是对英语综合能力的考查,没有一定的英语基本功,要想在这部分得到高的分数是不可能的。但是,具有了一定的英语基础,并不等于具有较高的翻译能力。因此在学习和复习时掌握一些翻译的基本常识和一些常用方法,针对考试中经常出现的一些语言现象, 仔细分析一些翻译实例, 总结出一些规律性的东西, 再加以必要的练习, 对考生来说是非常必要的,而且在短时间内提高自己在该部分的得分是完全有可能的。

  试题与考生应试情况分析

  通过考试试题的分析,我们发现英译汉试题中的英文句子大致有以下三个特点:

  1. 句子较长,其中包括定语从句、状语从句等从属结构,致使句子结构复杂,意思不容易把握。

  2. 句子虽然不长,但其中包含着较难理解的词、词组或短语,尤其是一些表示抽象意义的词,另外,句子中往往含有比较复杂的语法现象。

  3.考查的翻译技巧主要包括: (1)定语从句的译法; (2) 被动语态的处理; (3) 长句的的处理等等。

  掌握这些规律为我们复习应考提供了很大的方便,考生可以根据自己的实际情况,多选择一些与上述内容有关的文章,多做一些有关的练习,并结合这类文章的特点,在练习的过程中总结出一些规律性的东西。根据我们的经验, 考生在这部分表现出的主要障碍有以下几个方面:

  1.缺乏基本的翻译常识

  作为公共英语学习者, 由于客观条件的限制, 他们在英语学习的过程中很少或根本就没有进行过系统的翻译训练, 更缺乏对翻译要求以及翻译过程等一些常识性的东西基本的了解, 因此在考前复习和考试过程中一筹莫展, 无从下手。

  2.对于英译汉翻译技巧知之甚少

  任何事情都有其内在的规律, 翻译也不例外, 作为考生, 在备考时应掌握一些英译汉过程中经常采用的翻译技巧, 注意体会英语和汉语之间的差异, 同时要特别注意考试中经常考的一些技巧, 并总结其中的翻译规律。

  3.划线的部分理解不透

  为了增加试题的难度, 试题设计者往往选择那些语法结构错综复杂的部分, 这就要求我们在复习时, 对于翻译练习的句子, 要仔细分析它们的语言结构, 尤其是要注意那些具有分割定语从句等复杂语法现象的句子, 在分析好句子结构并真正理解之后,再动手翻译。

  4.语表达不清, 缺乏中文表达能力

  英译汉是英语和汉语两种语言之间的转化, 要求汉语准确完整, 符合汉语的表达习惯, 因此, 考生在复习时也应该注意训练自己的汉语表达能力。另外, 考生在使用汉语表达时, 还存在着用词不准, 违反自然科学常识的现象。

  5.有些代词翻译得不够明确

  语言的使用总是发生在一定的语言环境之中, 在语言的使用过程中, 为了避免重复,往往需要使用一些代词来代替前面所提到的人或物, 在考试的过程中, 考生应该仔细地阅读全文, 找出划线部分中英语代词所指代的人或物,并尽量明确地把它们翻译出来。而且,还要把代词翻成它(们)所代的名词、短语。

  英译汉的标准及步骤

  英译汉是创造性地运用汉语把英语所表达的思想准确而完整地重新表达出来的语言活动。在英译汉的过程中有两点值得我们特别地注意:

  (1) 汉语所要表达的是英语原文的内容, 即句子或文章的意...

2014四平高考英语阅读理解专练

高考英语阅读理解


  出国留学网高考频道在考试后及时公布各科高考试题答案和高考作文及试卷专家点评。请广大考生家长关注,祝福广大考生在2013年高考中发挥出最佳水平,考出好成绩!同时祝愿决战2014高考的新高三学员能倍加努力,在2014年高考中也能取得优异的成绩。

  A

  Women, be on your guard. There is a new male excuse for not listening to us. A recent study shows that men find it almost impossible to listen to what women say because their brains are out of synch(不同步的)with "complex female tones". Apparently, when men listen to other men about the things they care about, they use only the frontal area of their brains. However, when they listen to women it's different story. They have to work much harder, employing a part of the brain that normally deals with music. So when a man tells you your voice is "music to his ears", he's actually telling the truth, though not in a good way. I'm sure a lot of women could recall times when they have wasted hours explaining why they are completely right about everything in the world, only to wake up the next day to discover that not one brilliant point got through. Those times when men haven't listened to me, I just thought I was being ignored. I didn't realize I just wasn't singing their favorite music. If I'd realized I was being heard as "music", I would have had a bit of fun with it. Whenever I wanted a "discussion", I'd have brought along my own band, complete with string and horn sections.

  It is difficult not to be suspicious of yet more scientific findings sparing men the blame because of their biology. Isn't this "slaves to biology" all...

英语专八词汇翻译技巧分享

专八词汇翻译 专八翻译技巧 专八翻译

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  1. 词义选择

  1)在得病以前,我受父母宠爱,在家中横行霸道。

  •Before I fell ill, I had been the bully under our roofs owing to my doting parents.

  •横行霸道: 为所欲为,想干什么就干什么

  •get everything my own way

  •get all things my own way

  •be bully

  2)钓鱼可分为三个阶段。

  •There are three states for fishing.

  •“三个阶段” 在这里指钓鱼的三种境界,因此不译为 three stages。

  3)他是个墙头草,谁硬就跟谁。

  He always sits on the fence and falls on the side of the stronger

  2. 词类转换

  1)吃头两个主菜时,也是赞不绝口。

  •You will be full of praise while eating the first two main courses.

  2)这样,每个地方都有自己的传说,风俗也就衍传了下来。

  •Thus, every place, with its own legends and folktales, has its traditions and customs passed on from generation to generation.

  3)所以人们对于大自然,全都一致并深深地依赖着。

  •Therefore, everyone has become unanimously and profoundly dependent on nature.

  4)大自然对人的恩赐,无论贫富,一律平等。

  •People, poor or rich, are equally favored by nature.

  3. 词的增补

  1)有水有鱼的地方大都是有好环境的,好环境便会给人好心情。

  •A place with water and fish is necessarily blessed with a nice setting, which in return keeps people in good mood.

  2)黄鼠狼给鸡拜年。

  •The weasel goes to pay respects to the hen—not with the best of intentions.

  4. 词的省略

  1)种植庄稼和葡萄,酿酒和饮酒,喂牛和挤奶,锄草和栽花……

...

英语专八阅读练习

英语专八

  In some countries where racial prejudice is acute,violence has so come to be taken for granted as ameans of solving differences, that it is not evenquestioned. There are countries where the white manimposes his rule by brute force; there are countrieswhere the black man protests by setting fire tocities and by looting and pillaging. Important peopleon both sides, who would in other respects appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly arguein favor of violence – as if it were a legitimate solution, like any other. What is reallyfrightening, what really fills you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to thecrunch, we have made no actual progress at all. We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instincts remain basically unchanged. The whole of the recorded history of thehuman race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing. Wehave still not learnt that violence never solves a problem but makes it more acute. The sheerhorror, the bloodshed, the suffering mean nothing. No solution ever comes to light the morningafter when we dismally contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us.

  The truly reasonable men who know where the solutions lie are finding it harder and herder toget a hearing. They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted by their own kind because theyadvocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement. If half the energy that goes intoviolent act...

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