短文填空题应对方略
一、题型特征
短文填空是近年来许多省市英语中考中普遍采用的一种测试题型。它所涉及的知识面广,灵活性高,综合性也很强。它主要考查学生对知识应用的熟练程度,对语言的迁移能力和对语言信息的综合处理能力,反映出学生的英语素质。该题型一般是在一篇短文中留出10个空白处,根据短文的内容以及上下文的意思,在空白处填入意思、语法都正确的单词,一空只能填一词。由于没有选项的提示,因此它比完形填空的难度要大得多。短文填空是近年来重庆市中考英语试题中难度最大,区分度最高的题型。短文的题材很广泛,有故事、文化习俗、科普小品、体育等。考试一般都选取学生比较熟悉的材料,常考查《大纲》范围内的动词、介词、形容词和副词的级、名词的数、习惯用语的搭配等。
二、解题技巧
其解题方法是:第一遍通读全文,对文章内容有个整体的认识,了解大意;第二遍通读全文,根据上下文的内容来确定所需词的词义,再根据语法以及整体逻辑关系,了解所需词的词性,填入大部分所需词汇;第三遍通读全文,对于很难找到恰当词的空白处,不能只看该空的那一个句子,而是要根据上下文的提示,根据全文大意,并结合英美人的习惯表达,来确定这些少数未填入的词汇;最后是复查答案,将短文再完整的读一遍,检查全文是否通顺,上下文是否意思连贯,形式是否正确。
例题
Mr Brown had an umbrella shop in a small town. People sometimes 1 him broken umbrellas, and then he took them to a big shop in London. They were 2 there.
One day Mr Brown went to London by train. He 3 to take an umbrella with him that day. Sitting in front of him was a man with an umbrella standing 4 the seat. When the train arrived in London, Mr Brown 5 up the umbrella as he often did during his journey by train. Just as he was getting off, he was 6 by the man. He said angrily, “That’s 7 !” Mr Brown’ s face turned red and he gave it back to the man at once.
When Mr Brown got to the big shop, the shopkeeper had got his six umbrellas ready. After a good look at 8 of them, he said, “You’ve mended them very well.”
In the afternoon he got into the train again. The 9 man wa...