印刷术

　　出国留学网中考频道在考试后及时公布各科中考试题答案和中考作文及试卷专家点评。请广大考生家长关注，祝福广大考生在2013年中考中发挥出最佳水平，考出好成绩!同时祝愿决战2014中考的新初三学员能倍加努力，在2014年中考中也能取得优异的成绩。

　　赵州桥(P30) 敦煌莫高窟 (P37) 雕版印刷术(P31)

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　　1、赵州桥：隋朝杰出工匠李春设计和主持建造赵州桥，是现存世界上最古老的一座石拱桥，比欧洲早700多年。

　　2、敦煌莫高窟：石窟艺术在隋朝有很大的发展。坐落在今天甘肃省西部的敦煌莫高窟大多是隋朝时开凿的，是世界上最大的艺术宝库之一。

　　3、雕版印刷术：我国在世界上最早发明印刷术。隋唐已有雕版印刷。唐朝印制的《金刚经》，是现存世界上最早的、标有确切日期的雕版印刷品。

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2013...

　　GRE写作备考过程中，考生需要汇总一定量的GRE写作范文，通过GRE写作范文，考生可以积累高分词汇及句式，并且通过分析范文的文章结构，构架自己的GRE写作模板，在最短的时间内找到自己的主题和论据，完成一篇得分不低的GRE作文。下面，我们就来看一下“GRE写作范文：现代摄像机和印刷术”。

　　GRE写作题目：
　　“The video camera provides such an accurate and convincing record of contemporary life that it has become a more important form of documentation than written records.”

　　摄像机可以通过如此精确而有力的记录手段来再现当代生活，因此它已经代替书面记录成为了一种更重要的记录手段。

　　GRE写作范文：
　　“The video camera provides such an accurate and convincing record of contemporary life that it has become a more important form of documentation than written records.”There have been many methods of documenting in the history of human， from carved ancient pottery to sheepskin documents， of which the video camera may be the newest form with certain superiorities and inferiorities to written records. The advantages of video camera certainly make it an important form of documentation， but not to the extent of being more essential than written records due to its disadvantages.

　　To begin with， video can be interpreted as a series of pictures associated along the time， while written records can be considered as the descriptions of these pictures.Therefore， it is undoubtedly that video contains much more information than that of written records. From a video， we can clearly know what happened with subtle details.Merely with a television set， we can easily watch the happenings at home， such as the O...

　　具有划时代意义的丰碑——活字印刷术发明

　　被誉为“文明之母”的印刷术，是中国古代四大发明之一。古代的印刷术分为雕板印刷术和活字印刷术两类。雕板印刷术先行出现，在公元前，中国已懂得印章捺印的方法，后来又会拓印碑石，至隋遂发明雕版印刷之技术。雕版印刷盛行于唐而完善于宋。直至本世纪初期，雕板印刷一直是中国文献和图籍的主要印刷方式。在这1000多年的历程中，雕板印刷术不断得到发展和完善。雕板的材料除了木板外，又有石板、铜板;印刷除单色外，又有彩色套印;印刷品则从初期的单页图文、小型书籍，进而发展到大型类书的印制。五代时期刻印《九经》等儒家典籍130册，花费时间22年。宋代刻印《大藏经》历时12年，刻板13万块。明清时期集佛、道二教典籍所刻印的《道藏》、《续道藏》亦是工程浩大的雕板印刷壮举。

　　雕版印刷事业，从唐代推广应用，到宋代得到普遍发展，大大地丰富了人民的文化生活，对于继承和发扬中国的学术传统，起了重要的推动作用。

　　雕版印刷术比起以前的手写传抄手段不知要节省多少人力和时间，对于书籍的生产和知识的传播来说，确实是一个巨大的革命。但是，雕版印书必须一页一版，有了错字难以更正，如果刻一部大书，要花费很多时间和木材，不仅费用浩大，而且储存版片要占用很多地方，管理起来也有一定的困难。而在雕版的基础上发明的活字排版印刷术则可以解决这些矛盾，进一步提高印书效率。

　　活字印刷术就是预先制成单个活字，然后按照付印的稿件，捡出所需要的字，排成一版而施行印刷的方法。采用活字印刷，一书印完之后，版可折散，单字仍可再用来排其它的书版这个方法直到现在也是世界上生产书籍、报纸、杂志的方法之一。

　　活字印刷术在今天已经发展到高度机械化的地步，是现代文化的一根主要支柱。欧美国家的某些学者一般地都把活字印刷术的发明，说成是十五世纪中叶(1440-1450年)德国人谷腾堡的贡献，并且把活字印刷术和印刷术等同起来，因此得出谷腾堡是"印刷术的发明者"的结论，这显然是不符合事实的。首先，书籍印刷不能仅限于活字印刷术，雕版印刷术也是一种主要的方法。活字印刷是在雕版印刷的基础上出现的。而中国人民最早发明雕版印刷术已经是颠扑不破的事实。所以谷腾堡不是"印刷术的发明人"是毫无疑问的。其次，活字印刷术尽管对于欧洲人来说有更重大的意义，尽管谷腾堡是欧洲第一个应用这个方法的人，但是，确凿的事实告诉我们，活字印刷术是中国人首先发明的，而且由中国直接或间接地传到世界各地。我们完全有理由相信，谷腾堡(或者是别的人)是在这个影响之下，才创制出拉丁文字的活字印刷术的。

　　活字印刷术是在十一世纪中期，中国北宋庆历年间(1041-1048年)天才工人毕升所发明的毕升发明的活字，是先用木、后以泥为原料制成。这是世界上最早的活字，它比谷腾堡应用的活字早四百多年。活字印刷技术最关键的问题之一是活字制作材料的选用及其制作的工艺方法。中国古代劳动人民曾经用粘土、木材、铜、锡、铅等原料进行过多种试验，都获得了成功。毕升即首先成功地制作出以胶泥为原料的活字。中国古代的活字，以制作材料不同，可以分为两大类：第一是非金属活字，如泥、木、磁所制成的活字。第二是金属活字，如：锡活字、铜活字、铅活字等等

　　早在宋代毕升时期，已有人试验以木为原料制作活字，因木字遇水膨胀，效果不佳，而未成功，毕升才改木为泥发明用泥制作活字。然此后不久，木活字印刷研制成功并得以发展和推广，西夏文《吉祥遍至口和本续》等木活字本和维吾尔文木活字的出...

　　GRE写作题目：

　　“The video camera provides such an accurate and convincing record of contemporary life that it has become a more important form of documentation than written records.”

　　摄像机可以通过如此精确而有力的记录手段来再现当代生活，因此它已经代替书面记录成为了一种更重要的记录手段。

　　GRE写作范文：

　　“The video camera provides such an accurate and convincing record of contemporary life that it has become a more important form of documentation than written records.”There have been many methods of documenting in the history of human， from carved ancient pottery to sheepskin documents， of which the video camera may be the newest form with certain superiorities and inferiorities to written records. The advantages of video camera certainly make it an important form of documentation， but not to the extent of being more essential than written records due to its disadvantages.

　　To begin with， video can be interpreted as a series of pictures associated along the time， while written records can be considered as the descriptions of these pictures.Therefore， it is undoubtedly that video contains much more information than that of written records. From a video， we can clearly know what happened with subtle details.Merely with a television set， we can easily watch the happenings at home， such as the Olympic Games， comfort...

题目：

“The video camera provides such an accurate and convincing record of contemporary life that it has become a more important form of documentation than written records.”

摄像机可以通过如此精确而有力的记录手段来再现当代生活，因此它已经代替书面记录成为了一种更重要的记录手段。

正文：

“The video camera provides such an accurate and convincing record of contemporary life that it has become a more important form of documentation than written records.”There have been many methods of documenting in the history of human， from carved ancient pottery to sheepskin documents， of which the video camera may be the newest form with certain superiorities and inferiorities to written records. The advantages of video camera certainly make it an important form of documentation， but not to the extent of being more essential than written records due to its disadvantages.

To begin with， video can be interpreted as a series of pictures associated along the time， while written records can be considered as the descriptions of these pictures.Therefore， it is undoubtedly that video contains much more information than that of written records. From a video， we can clearly know what happened with subtle details.Merely with a television set， we can easily watch the happenings at home， such as the Olympic Games， comfortably sitting on the sofa， needless to be present on the spot.

And more excitedly， certain close-...

　　“The video camera provides such an accurate and convincing record of contemporary life that it has become a more important form of documentation than written records.”

　　摄像机可以通过如此精确而有力的记录手段来再现当代生活，因此它已经代替书面记录成为了一种更重要的记录手段。

　　正文：

　　“The video camera provides such an accurate and convincing record of contemporary life that it has become a more important form of documentation than written records.”There have been many methods of documenting in the history of human， from carved ancient pottery to sheepskin documents， of which the video camera may be the newest form with certain superiorities and inferiorities to written records. The advantages of video camera certainly make it an important form of documentation， but not to the extent of being more essential than written records due to its disadvantages.

　　To begin with， video can be interpreted as a series of pictures associated along the time， while written records can be considered as the descriptions of these pictures.Therefore， it is undoubtedly that video contains much more information than that of written records. From a video， we can clearly know what happened with subtle details.Merely with a television set， we can easily watch the happenings at home， such as the Olympic Games， comfortably sitting on the sofa， needless to be present on the spot.

　　And more excitedly， certain close-up enables us to scrutinize our favorable athletes. If there isn‘t video camera， we may...