延续性

1. 表示年、月、日、时刻等用 at, on, in

a) at 用于表示时刻、时间的某一点：

at nine (o'clock) 在九点

at dawn 拂晓时

at noon 正午时

at present目前

b) on 用于某天，某一天的上、下午：

on Monday 在周一

on June 6 在6月6日

on May 4, 1996 在1996年5月4日

on a cold night 在一个寒冷的夜晚

on the night of July 1st 在七月一日的夜晚

*指具体的某一天时，一律用on

泛指一般的上午（下午）时用in，但特指某日的上午（下午）时用on：

in the morning 在早上

on Sunday morning 在周日早上

在重大节日前也可用on：

on Christmas Eve 在圣诞前夜

on New Year's Day 在元旦

c) in 用于表示周、月、季节、年，泛指的上午、下午、晚上：

in this week 在这周

in May 在五月

in spring 在春季

in 2010 在2010年

in September, 1995 在1995年9月

in the morning 在早上

2. 表示期间等用 for, during, through/throughout

a) for 引导一段时间，强调时间由始至终，可译为“长达……”，一般与有长度的时间短语连用：

We will stay in the city for two days. 我们要在那里呆两天。

He has lived here for a long time. 他在这儿已经住了很久了。

b) during 意为“在……（期间）内”的行为或状态。

一般与一段时间的整体连用。如：during the spring, during last year, during 1980 等，也可以和表示延续性事件的名词连用，如：during my childhood, during the lesson, during his visit等。

*for之后大多跟表示时间、天数等的数字名词，而during后决不能...

比较until和till

此两个连词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是"做某事直至某时"，动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是"直至某时才做某事"。动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。 正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。

肯定句：
I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。
Wait till I call you. 等着我叫你。
（在肯定句中可用before代替 Let's get in the wheat before the sun sets.）

否定句：
She didn't arrive until 6 o'clock.
她直到6点才到。
Don't get off the bus until it has stopped.
公共汽车停稳后再下车。
I didn't manage to do it until you had explained how. 直到你教我后，我才会做。

1)Until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。
Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.
直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。

2)Until when 疑问句中，until要放在句首。
---Until when are you staying?你呆到什么时候？
--- Until next Monday.呆到下周一。

注意：否定句可用另外两种句式表示。
(1）Not until …在句首，主句用倒装。
Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.
直到19 世纪初，人类才知道热能是什么。
Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.
直到我开始工作，我才认识到了我已蹉跎了几多岁月。

(2)It is not until… that…

一、延续性动词和终止性动词的概念
英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。
延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。
终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。
二、延续性动词的用法特征
1.延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态可与表示"段时间"的状语连用。表示"段时间"的短语有：for two years, during the past three years, since last year, how long等。如：I have learned English since I came here.自从我来到这儿就学英语了。
2.延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的"点时间"状语连用。如：It raind at eight yesterday morning.(误) rain为延续性动词，而at eight表示"点时间"，前后显然矛盾。如果用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作，可以借助come, begin, get等终止性动词来表示。上句可改为：It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.(正)又如：
-When did you get to know Jack?
-Two years ago.
-Then you've known each other for more than two years.
-That's right.
三、终止性动词的用法特征
1.终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成，因此可用于现在完成时。如：
The train has arrived.火车到了。
Have you joined the computer group?你加入电脑小组了吗？

2.终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。因此，不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定式)。如：
(1)他死了三年了。
误：He has died for three years.
正：He has been dead for three years.
正：He died three years ago.
正：It is three years since he died.
正：Three years has passed since he died.
(2)他来这儿五天了。
误：He has come here for five days.
正：He has ...

1.as soon as…一…就…= directly / immediately / instantly…
= the second / the minute / the moment / the instant…
Eg. He came around to see me as soon as / the moment/ immediately he checked in the hotel.
他刚一入住宾馆就来看我.
They informed us the news immediately / directly they got it.
他们一得到消息就通知了我们.
The policeman came to the spot the moment / the instant / the minute she heard of the accident.一听说事故,这位警察就到了现场.

2.….before….
(1). 没来得及…就…
The roof fell before he had time to dash into the room to save his baby.
他还没有来得及冲进房间把孩子就出来,房顶就塌了.
He ran off before I could stop him.
To my great disappointment , my favorite singer left the concert before I could have a word with him.
(2).过了多久才怎么样,动作进行到什么程度才怎样
They walked about thirty miles to the west before they saw a village.
They worked day and night about three days before everything returned to normal.
Three years passed before I knew it.

3.It was + 时间段 + before….过了多久才….
It was not long before… 不久就…
It will ( not ) be + 时间段 + before …要过多久 ( 不久)…..才…..
Eg. It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position.
It was three years before he came back.
It will be half a year before you graduate from this school.

4. no sooner …than…= hardly…when…一…就…., 刚刚…就…
No sooner / hardly + 过去完成时,than / when + 一般过去时
如果no sooner, hardly 位于句首, 主句要倒装.
He had...

【考点4】过去进行时的用法考查
过去进行时主要有以下用法： 1、谈论过去的某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的事。例如：I was reading the newspaper at 6.30 this morning. 2、当过去某一件事情发生时，另外一个动作正在进行。此时，延续性动词用过去进行时，瞬间动词用一般过去时。例如：The earthquake started while I was doing some shopping. 3、可以表示从过去某个时候看来将要发生的事。例如：When his son arrived, the old man was dying.

【中考链接】
1.I came to your home yesterday afternoon, but nobody was in.
Oh, we_______ some shopping in the supermarket.（2007年南通）
A. have done B. did C. were doing D. are doing
简析：C。根据对话，可知在对方到他们家时，他们当时正在超市购物。
2.What do you think of the colour of my new dress?
Sorry, but what did you say? I_________ about something else. （2007年扬州）
A. think B. thought C. am thinking D. was thinking
简析：D。第二个说话者没有听见对方说什么，可知对方说话时，此人正在考虑别的事情。过去进行时表示一个动作发生时，另外一个动作正在进行。
3. I _______my homework while my parents TV last night.（2006年南京）
A. did; have watched B. was doing; were watching
C. had done; were watching D. would do; were watching
简析：B。做作业和看电视均为延续性动词，而且是在过去同时进行的两个动作，所以都用过去进行时。

一、延续性动词和非延续性动词的概念

英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。

延续性动词表示能够延续的动作，这种动作可以延续下去或产生持久影响。如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。

非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如：open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow, buy等。

二、延续性动词的用法特征

1. 延续性动词可以用于现在完成时，其完成时态可与表示“时间段”的状语连用。

表示时间段的短语有：for+一段时间（eg: for two years）, since从句（eg: since he came here）, since+时间点名词（eg: since last year）, during the past three years, how long, for a long time等。

例：I have learned English since I came here. 自从我来到这儿就学习英语了。

2. 延续性动词不能与表示短暂时间的“时间点”状语连用。

如：It raind at eight yesterday morning.（误）rain为延续性动词，而at eight表示“时间点”，前后显然矛盾。

如果要用延续性动词表示一瞬间的动作，可以借助come, begin, get等非延续性动词来表示。上句可改为：It began to rain at eight yesterday morning.

又如以下这段对话：

-When did you get to know Jack? 你什么时候认识Jack的？

-Two years ago. 两年前。

-Then you've known each other for more than two years. 也就是说你们俩认识两年多了。

-That's right. 没错。