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在之前的托福分类题型中，我们已经介绍了句子简化题(Sentence Simplification Questions)的做法，即写出句子结构，再根据写出的结构对选项进行分析。正确答案的标准有两个，一是逻辑关系与原句一致，二是基本信息与原文一致。这种做题方法对学生们的语法知识、语法结构，也就是长难句的分析能力有很高的要求。学生们需要多练习，才能够在短时间内做对这道题。那么，本篇文章是关于在托福阅读每篇12-14题中出题频率会达到3-6题的题型—事实信息题Factual Information Questions。这种题型虽然学生们做起来不陌生，但是一不小心就会掉入ETS的小“陷阱”。由于事实信息题和词汇题都在考试中占有很大比重，而且要求在短时间内迅速做对，拿到分数，所以对学生们各种答题能力都有要求。下面来重点讲解一下事实信息题。
事实信息题Factual Information Questions的题型一般是According to the passage, what…?/According to the passage, where…?/According to the passage, how…?/According to the passage, which of the following statement is true?/In paragraph 2, what does the author say about ….? 所以事实信息题其实是考察文章中的细节问题。这种题型我们的做法是第一步，定位原文(keys words)，第二步，同义替换(paraphrase)。我们做一个例题解析一下。下面一题是出自Timberline Vegetations on Mountains。
Paragraph 1: The transition from forest to treeless tundra on a mountain slope is often a dramatic one. Within a vertical distance of just a few tens of meters, trees disappear as a life-form and are replaced by low shrubs, herbs, and grasses. This rapid zone of transition is called the upper timberline or tree line. In many semiarid areas there is also a lower timberline where the forest passes into steppe or desert at its lower edge, usually because of a lack of moisture.
Where is the lower timberline mentioned in paragraph 1 likely to be found?
○In an area that has l...