托福阅读题型解析

　　托福阅读虽然繁琐，但是最适合自己的备考方式和考试技巧，拿高分就简单很多啦!出国留学网托福栏目为大家带来如何应对托福阅读中的句意解释题，希望能帮到大家!

　　如何应对托福阅读中的句意解释题

　　这类型题目的题干表达为：Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

　　解决这类题目的三种方法：

　　第一种：在保持原句序基本不变的前提下进行重点词汇或者词组的同义替换;

　　第二种：在句序不变的前提下再进行重点词汇或者词组的同义替换;

　　第三种：对原句进行总结性重复。

　　下面我们通过一个例子来看这些方法的具体应用：

　　Small marketers should be less concerned with whether U.S. and European consumers are alike and more concerned with monitoring the variety of factors that account for potential similarities and differences. Attention to the dynamic nature of those factors will produce opportunities for the alert marketer.

　　Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

　　A marketer who is not so smart should be more concerned with the difference of eating habits between U.S. and European consumers and less concerned with monitoring the variety of factors that account for potential similarities and differences.

　　It is not important whether U.S. and European consumers have a similar eating habit. I t is the potential similarities ...

　　在此我们把托福阅读归类为9大题型，我们会逐题为您实例讲解托福阅读题型，今天为您讲解词汇题、指代题、句子简化题、句子插入题、细节题，下文《托福阅读题型解析（一）》由出国留学网托福频道为您整理，欢迎您访问出国留学网浏览更多考试资讯。

　　词汇题 Vocabulary questions

　　在托福考试当中，词汇题的主要目的是考察考生能否识别词汇在陌生语境中的含义。既然强调语境，那么通过识别生词附近的语境含义，往往可以推测出生词的含义。我们来看一道新托福考试官方指南上的题目：

　　Several skeletons of another early whale, Basilosaurus, were found in sediments left by the Tethys Sea and now exposed in the Sahara desert.

　　6. The word exposed in the passage is closest in meaning to

　　○ Explained

　　○ Visible

　　○ Identified

　　○ Located

　　这道题目很多同学会选择第四个选项(locate： 坐落于…)，将这个含义带入到语句当中，意思也通顺，指Basilosaurus 坐落于撒哈拉沙漠。但是这里需要注意的是，托福的词汇题并不是选项带入搭配合适就一定能找到正确答案，而是应该从语境入手来选择。正确的做法是，首先查看生词附近有无并列，转折等语境上的含义暗示。本句当中，生词的前方有“and”来暗示并列，而从句子结构来看，前半句中的动词“found”，意思是“找到，发现”，那么后半句的exposed 对应语境也应该强调发现某物，即找到，或者看见某物。因此这道题目的正确答案选择B(visible：可看见的)。

　　指代题 Reference questions

　　指代题在托福考试中题量大约为0-2 个，主要考察学生能否找到原文中代词的指代对象。解决指代题最基本的原则为：单复数与人称一致，前指且符合句意。

　　It has been suggested that Pakicetus fed on fish in shallow water and was not yet adapted for life in the open ocean. It probably bred and gave birth on land.

　　5. The word it in the passage refers to

　　○ Pakicetus

　　○ Fish

　　○ Life

　　○ ocean

　　本句代词作主语，在结构上指代上一句话主句中的名词主语，即A 选项的Pakicetus。也可以采用带入的方法，将选项逐一带入，符合搭配的只有A 选项，其余选项，B fish鱼类，C life 生命，D ocean 海洋， 都无法“bred and gave birth，哺育后代”。 目前十大题型中的指代题基本已经不考，但是相应的指代的原则有可能融入到其他题目中考查，最常见的考查...

　　例题：

　　Passage：…Sculptures must，for example，be stable，which requires an understanding of the properties of mass，weight distribution，and stress. Paintings must have rigid stretchers so that the canvas will be taut，and the paint must not crack， deteriorate，or discolor. These are problems that must be overcome by the artist because they tend to intrude upon his or her conception of the work. For example，in the early Italian Renaissance，bronze statues of horses with a raised foreleg usually had a cannonball under that hoof. This was done because the cannonball was needed to support the weight of the leg. In other words，the demand of the laws of physics，not the sculptor‘s aesthetic intentions，placed the ball there. That this device was a necessary structural compromise is clear from the fact that the cannonball disappeared when sculptors learned how to strengthen the internal structure of a statue with iron braces (iron being much stronger than bronze)…

　　According to paragraph 2，sculptors in the Italian Renaissance stopped using cannonballs in bronze statues of horses because

　　A. they began using a material that made the statues weigh less

　　B. they found a way to strengthen the statues internally

　　C. the aesthetic tastes of the public had changed over time

　　D. the cannonballs added too much weight to...