考博英译汉

　　在英译汉中，经常会出现哪些问题呢?出国留学网小编特此整理了一些英译汉常见问题，希望能对大家有所帮助!

　　英译汉，不论是在教学的过程中还是在实际翻译的过程当中，不少人只求译文的“忠实、通顺”而忽视译文的“雅”。那么，忠实通顺的译文是否就是地道的、自然的、合乎汉语习惯的译文呢?这祥的译文是否就是完美的译文呢?有许多忠实通顺的译文，却不地道，不自然。现将常出现的问题举例如下：

　　1.结构不合理，句子不自然

　　(1) There will come a day when people the world over will live a happy life under the sun of socialism.

　　全世界人民在社会主义阳光下过幸福生活的一天是会到来的。

　　译文主语的定语长，使得整个句子头重脚轻。试译为：全世界人将在社会主义的阳光下过幸福的生活，这一天是一定会来到的。

　　(2)The sun, which had hidden all day，now came out in all its splendor.

　　那个整天躲在云层里的太阳，现在又光芒四射地露面了。

　　原文里的定语从句，是补叙性的，译成汉语，不一定放在被修饰名词之前。原文没有“又”这个意思，应去掉。试译为：太阳一整天都躲在云里，现在出来了，光芒四射。

　　(3)I had experienced oxygen and/or engine trouble.

　　我曾碰到过，不是氧气设备出故障，就是引擎出故障，或二者都出故障。

　　“我曾碰到过”，句子突然中止，好象无宾语，但实际上宾语却是很长的三个分句，这不合乎汉语表达习惯。可在“碰到过”后加上“这种现象”或将宾语提前。试译为：不是氧气设备出故障，就是引擎出故障，或者它们都出故障，这些我都碰到过。

　　(4)Captured documents which we have obtained from individuals who had been infiltrated through this corridor plus prisoner-of-war reports that we have obtained in recent months led us to believe that the volume of infiltration has expanded substantially.

　　我们从经由这个走廊进来的人身上缴获的文件，加上近几个月从战俘那里得到的口供，使人们相信，渗透的规模确实扩大了。

　　译文基本上没有脱离原文的结构，“文件”和“口供”作主语，前边的定语都比较长，所以，主语就显得过长，读起来不上口。试译：我们从经由这个走廊进来的人员身上缴获了一些文件，近几个月来，也从战俘那儿得到了一些口供，这些使我们相信，渗透的规模确实是扩大了。

　　2.选词不准确，表达不地道

　　(1)After Aunt Lena had heard about the family trouble， she agreed to look for a job.

　　丽娜姨听见了家庭的困难情况后，同意去找工作。

　　“...

　　考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面由出国留学网小编为你精心准备了“2021考研英语：英译汉的重要技巧”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!

　　2021考研英语：英译汉的重要技巧

　　一、英语重结构，汉语重语意

　　例：1999年75题：

　　75 ) It applies equally to traditional historians who view history as only the external and internal criticism of sources, and to social science historians who equate their activity with specific techniques.

　　直译：它同样适用于将历史仅仅看作是对历史材料来源的内部的和外部的批评的传统历史学家，和把历史研究活动等同于具体研究方法的社会科学历史学家。

　　调整后的译文：它同样适用于传统历史学家和社会科学历史学家，传统历史学家(或前者)将历史仅仅看作是对历史材料来源的内部的和外部的批评，社会科学历史学家(或后者)把历史研究活动等同于具体的研究方法。

　　二、英语多长句，汉语多短句

　　例：1995年75题:

　　75)For example, they do not compensate for gross social inequality, and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.

　　直译：例如，它们不能弥补巨大的社会不公，因此不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人会有多大才干，如果他在较好的环境中长大。

　　三、英语多前重心，汉语多后重心

　　例：1999年74题：

　　74 )There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry.

　　“There is no agreement ”不能简单地译为 “没有人同意”，“没有哪个赞同意见”等。

　　应译为：方法论是指一般的历史研究中特有的概念，还是指历史研究中各个具体领域或适用的研究方法，人们对此意见不一。

　　平时的练习中，我们要不断的提醒自己锻炼英语思维，翻译难题终会迎刃而解。

　　推荐阅读：

　　What had he been afraid of, I asked myself? That, suddenly alone, he would discover that he bored himself, or that there was, quite simply, no self there to meet? But having taken the plunge, he is now on the brink of adventure; he is about to be launched into his own inner space to the astronaut. His every perception will come to him with a new freshness and, for a time, seem startlingly original.

　　“他一直在害怕什么呢?”，我问自已。 怕突然一个人呆着会发现自已厌烦自己，或者怕会失去自我?但是有了这次偿试，他便要开始探险了。他就要发射到自已内心的宇宙之中。他的所见所感对他来说将会是全新的，一度会新颖的让人惊奇。

　　The Rewards of Living a Solitary Life

　　The other day an acquaintance of mine, a gregarious and charming man, told me he had found himself unexpectedly alone in New York for an hour or two between appointments. He went to the Whitney and spent the "empty" time looking at things in solitary bliss. For him it proved to be a shock nearly as great as falling in love to discover that he could enjoy himself so much alone.

　　独自生活的报偿

　　前些日子，我的一个熟人，一位热爱交际并很受欢迎的男士告诉我，他在纽约的两个约会之间偶然有一两个小时的空闲，他便去了惠特尼博物馆，四处浏览着展品，无比幸福的度过了那些时光。发现自已独自一人，也能如此的幸福，他感觉像坠入爱河那般震惊。

　　点击进入

　　2014年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)与考试大纲翻译部分与2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(一)考试大纲相比，没有作出实质性的调整，翻译部分仍旧在阅读C节出现，占10分的分值考生可以按照原计划复习，出国留学网考研频道下面对翻译的考试特点以及应对策略进行具体分析，以便考生在复习翻译时方向更加明确，目标更加清晰，内容更有针对性。希望对考生的复习有所帮助。

　　一.大纲要求：

　　翻译共五道题，主要考查考生准确理解概念或结构较复杂的英语文字材料的能力。要求考生阅读一篇约400词的文章，并将其中5个划线部分(约150词)译成汉语，要求译文准确、完整、通顺。

　　1.准确——忠实于原文。对原文的准确理解是一篇优质译文的前提。要求译文内容不能与原文所表达的内容有出入或相违背，否则一定会影响译文得分。

　　2.通顺——译文符合汉语表达习惯。在准确理解原文的前提下，把所理解的译文按照中文的表达习惯，表达出来。译成汉语后，译文一定要读得懂，读得通。

　　3.完整——无漏译。要求考生对原文的内容完整地进行翻译，不得有遗漏。如有遗漏，评卷老师会酌情减分。注：若不完整，译出的部分可给分。

　　二.题目特点

　　翻译部分考查大家在准确理解的基础上，按照英语语法结构拆分句子，准确完整地翻译成汉语的能力。文章涉及到科普，报刊评论等题材的文章，内容都具有一定深度，近年来翻译的难度逐年增加，根据对历年考题的总结，每套考题中5个被翻译的句子长度比较平均，而英语中30词左右的句子已经算是长难句了，这些所考句子的句式多样，结构复杂，且所涉及的专业术语生涩。

　　三. 应对策略

　　翻译的考点是确定的，因此在平时的复习备考中，考生应该有意识的系统复习总结最常考的语法点，包括时态、语态、虚拟语气、从句、特殊句型、结构及用法、句子的完整性及一致性等，多分析长难句，在体裁方面，其中社会科学类较多，在平时多关注科普类的文章。

　　具体来说，做翻译首先要把句子的结构分析清楚。一旦出现结构错误得分就不超过0.5，结构的分析应从语法的角度入手，找准句子的主句和从句、句子的主干和修饰成分，以便更好地把握句子的整体意思以及各成分之间的逻辑关系。

　　其次，在保证结构正确的情况下，应该把句子采分点中的词汇含义弄清。考研的词汇考的是词汇的深度，而不是词汇的广度，也就是考查同学们能不能真正的掌握和运用这个词汇，真正在上下文中理解这个词汇。所以建议同学们要结合语境真正的理解词汇在上下文中的具体意思。

　　最后，还要兼顾中英文的语言差异。比如说中国人经常喜欢以人做主语的主动语态，而...

　　Learning a foreign language often involves a lot of boring memorization and verb conjugation, except in South Korea where flying punches and killer kicks are part of the curriculum.

　　More than 40 academies nationwide teach what is known as "Taeglish," where Korean children are trained in Taekwondo by English-speaking instructors who say the martial art gives the students confidence in the language.

　　South Koreans spend billions of dollars a year on English instruction for their children. The language is seen as a must for entry into a good university and a good job.

　　"After English is combined with Taekwondo practice, children can have fun learning the language and do it in high spirits," said Kim Sung-han, the founder of Taeglish.

　　Taeglish, a combination of the words Taekwondo and English, was introduced in March 2007 as an activity offered by a department store for children. In about a year, academies had spread throughout the country.

　　Taeglish students are far more energetic in the classroom than their peers who study through traditional methods but their language skills are often not as good as their peers.

　　学外语常常需要进行大量枯燥的记忆以及掌握动词的各种变位，但在韩国，拳打脚踢也成了外语课程的一部分。

　　目前，韩国已有40多所院校教授所谓的“跆拳道式英语”(Taeglish)。在这些地方，教练们用英语向学生教授跆拳道，他们认为跆拳道能增强学生学习外语的信心。

　　韩国人每年在孩子学英语上的投入达到数十亿美元。在韩国，英语好被视为进入好大学和找份好工作的必要条件。

　　“跆拳道式英语”的创始人金宋汉说：“将英语与练跆拳道结合起来后，学生们能够开心并且精神饱满地去学习英语。”

　　“Taeglish”(跆拳道式英语)是Taekwondo(跆拳道)和E...

　　Los Alamos National Laboratory scientists are using a new technique to see fingerprints on surfaces that typically make them invisible. The technology focuses a tight beam of X-rays on surfaces with fingerprints and creates a computer picture out of those scans.

　　The conventional methods are meant to bring out fingerprint patterns with regular light and they have to treat those with powder, which alters them. The new method uses a technology called mini-X-ray fluorescence to detect chemical elements in fingerprints without altering them.

　　For big labs, the method could be a great way to bring out prints that can’t be seen any other way, said Vahid Majidi, a lab scientist.

　　"The technique fills a unique niche," Majidi said. "These are prints that would otherwise be useless. If you have prints on a dark surface, for example, they really don’t develop well using normal techniques. If you have prints from an adolescent or child, the chemicals in the fingertips are different and don’t stick around long enough for traditional methods."

　　"This is a new approach to fingerprint visualization," Havrilla said. "We’re lifting prints, but instead of looking at the finger’s natural oils and organic residues we’re looking at elemental features left behind."

　　What’s new is the method the lab has created to see them which includes computer software and ways of manipulating the machinery, Worley said. B...