词汇点拨

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　　2020考研英语：长句语法实战篇(六)

　　9. Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have up-ended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation.

　　1)【词汇点拨】：economist经济学家argue认为up-end推翻base upon根据，以......基础inflation通货膨胀

　　2)【结构分析】

　　①　第一步经过动词找谓语。本句谓语有3个：argue，have up-ended以及were based upon，因此可以推出该句子不是简单句，是复合句或者并列句。

　　②　第二步找连词。本句中有两个从属连词that，其中谓语have up-ended在从句that powerful structural...models中，而谓语were based upon在从句that were based upon...inflation中，因此动词argue是主干的谓语。

　　③　第三步判断从句类型。从句that powerful structural...models之前是及物动词argue，因此该从句是宾语从句从句that were based upon...inflation之前是名词短语the old economic models，并且从属连词that在从句中作主语，代替前面的名词短语，因此该从句是定语从句短语in the world是介词短语作后置定语修饰changes。

　　④　第四步，逐步理解。That引导的定语从句修饰限前面的名词，显然定语较长，因此单独成句翻译，可理解为：这种旧经济模式以(经济)增长和通货膨胀的历史相关性为基础。(注意定语从句单独成句翻译的时候，需要翻译出从属连词的含义)that引导的宾语从句是主谓宾的结构，顺译即可，因此可理解为：一些经济学家认为世界结构强有力的变化已经推翻了旧经济模式。

　　⑤　第五步，最后整理。本句整体可以理解为：旧经济模式以(经济)增长和通货膨胀的历史相关性为基础，(而)一些经济学家认为世界结构巨大的变化已经推翻了这种旧经济模式。

　　10. Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice.

　　1)【词汇点拨】：in every relevant respect各相关方面extremists极端主义者

　　2)【结构分析】

　　①　第一步找谓语。本句谓语有are different from，think和lie，因此可以推出...

表示进步,提高的动词:
improve ameliorate better develop remedy revise enhance enrich upgrade refine
重要,关键:
important significant consequential momentous considerable essential valuable distinctive great weighty major serious grave vital capital substantial material; 稍微扯得远一点的还有conspicuous striking prominent eminent noticeable
正确的,无误的:
correct rectify accurate precise proper undistorted right impeccable
增长和减少(这个超级常用!)
increase rise extend magnify decrease reduce fall amplify aggrandize elongate intensify enhance prolong strengthen curtail shrink terminate lessen abate raise boost intense(intensify) expand augment enlarge diminish dwindle（swindle是诈骗的意思）slump
和证明相关的:
justify warrant assert claim contend argue validate substantiate verify accuse assign indict allege affirm
论题:
statement claim declaration assertion opinion belief view conviction persuasion
要求：
request demand needs requisition
撤销：
to cancel; to revoke; to countermand; [Law] to rescind; to quash
建立：
to build up; to establish; to set up; to found; to take root; to strike root
消除：
to eliminate; to clear; to remove; to clear up; to take away; to smooth away
推理：
1.[Logic] inference; reasoning; deduction; ratiocination
2.to reason
3.to put two and two together
相应：
1.corresponding; relevant; relative; fitting; appropriate
2.accordingly; correspondingly; by the same t...