人教版高中英语选修9《Exploring planets》教案
目标认知 重点词汇： scale, postpone, evolve, attach, date back to, give out conflict, restriction, fluency, appeal,
重点句型：not ?until 句型 语 法： 宾语
精讲巧练 重点
词汇 scale 【原句回放】 However, it was not until the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries that the exploration of the botanical world began on a large scale. (P32) 【点拨】scale n. the size of sth. , especially when it is big 意为“大小，规 模”，on a large scale 表示“规模宏大的”，还表示“等级;比例，尺度” 如：Any public demonstrations(游行)on a large scale without the permission of the city authorities is antisocial. The scale of this map is one centimeter to the kilometer. A machine for weighing people has a scale from one pound to 300 pounds on it. 【拓展】scales 表示“称，天平”;scale 也用作动词，表示“攀越，爬越”，短语： scale up/ down 按比例逐步增加/减少， 如：Students scaled an 8-foot fence to enter the theatre. Such a big order means scaling up our production capacity. 【随时练】 With the opportunity to survive becoming small, the search operation has been scaled down slowly at present. A. has been scaled down C. scaled up Key: B B. is being scaled down D. is scaling up
conflict
【原句回放】 Brave young men took the opportunity of going on botanical expeditions, often facing many dangers including disease,?and conflicts with the local people. (P32) 【点拨】 conflict n. angry disagreement between people or groups 表示“冲突， 争端”，常与介词 between / over 连用， be in conflict with sb. 表示“与某人处于 争执中”。conflict 也用作动词， 表示“冲突;争执” 如：There is a conflict between the two sides of his personality. She is in conflict with her employer over sickness pay. The two stories conflicted, so I did not know what to believe. 【拓展】区别 conflict, fight, struggle 都含“战斗” 、“ 斗争”的意思。 ① conflict 指“由于严重不一致， 而引起抵触或冲突”， 如：Their account of the causes of the war conflicts with ours. 他们对于战争起因的报告与我们的报告相反。 ② fight 原义是“打仗”、“战斗”， 指“任何形式的斗争”， 特别强调“短兵相 接”， 如：The two boys fought. 两个孩子动手打起来了。 ③ struggle 本义是“挣扎”，指“克服某种障碍或困难， 以达到某种目的”，意味 着“处境难”， 如：They were struggling for peace. 他们为和平而斗争。 【随时练】 In dealing with public relations, we should make every effort to prevent the _______in personality. A. contract B. contrast B. connection D. conflict
Key: D. 析：conflict 争论，摩擦，冲突;contact 接触，联系，交往; contrast 对比;对照;connection 联系，关系。
restriction 【原句回放】At that time, there were restrictions on the movement of Europeans and so ,?(P33) 【点拨】restriction n. the act of limiting or controlling someone or sth. 表 示“限制，约束”，短语 lift/ remove restrictions on 表示“解除对?的限制”， 如：The restriction of press freedom is seen as an abuse(侵犯)of human rights. We have been asking the government to lift the restrictions on food export. 【拓展】 restrict v. 表示“限制，限定”，restrict sth. to sth 表示“限制某人
某物”;restrictive adj. 表示“严格限制的”。 如：Doctors have restricted the number of visits to two per day. Travel is my dream, but a busy working life has restricted my opportunities. The current building regulations are very restrictive. 【随时练】The county is facing restrictions ________ the use of water for irrigating crops. A.to Key: C B. with C. on D. toward
fluency 【原句回放】， in order to travel unnoticed, he developed his fluency in Chinese ? and dressed as a Chinese man, even shaving his head in the Chinese style. (P33) 【点拨】 fluency n. quality of speaking , writing in an easy smooth manner 表 示“流利，流畅”，with fluency 表示“流畅地, 滔滔不绝”， 如：Visitors were amazed at the students' conversational fluency in English. He speaks English with great fluency. 【拓展】fluent adj. 表示“流利的，熟练的”, be fluent in 表示“在某方面熟练 的”， fluently adv. “熟练地” 如： couldn’ imagine our prime minister was fluent in eight foreign languages. You t You speak more fluently than I. 【随时练】 She speaks ________ though not very correct French. A. fluent Key: A B. fluently C. fluency D. with fluency
appeal 【原句回放】One of the collectors was Father Farges, who collected 37 seeds from a tree that had appealed to him. (P33) 【点拨】appeal vi. to be attractive or interesting to sb. 表示“(常与 to 连 用)吸引;引起兴趣”，还表示“呼吁，恳请，上诉，诉诸”等， 如：Does the idea of working for a venture company appeal to you? The government is appealing to everyone to save water. The victims' families of the murder have appealed to the Supreme Court to have a definitive answer.
He appealed against the judge's decision. 【拓展】appeal 用作名词，表示“呼吁，请求，吸引力”，常与介词 for 连用，make an appeal 请求; 如：They have launched an appeal to send food to the flood victims. There have been several appeals for an end to the fighting. The old couple made an emotional appeal for his daughter to connect them. 【随时练】The design ______all the ages and social groups is not easy to make. A. appealed to C. to be appealed to Key: D B. being appealed to D. appealing to
postpone 【原句回放】My parents suggested postponing our visit to the pyramid because we didn’t have enough time to see them before we left Egypt.(P35) 【点拨】postpone vt. to decide that sth. will not be done at the time when it was planned, or to delay 表示“推迟，延期”，postpone doing sth 表示“推迟做某事” 常与介词 till/until/ to 连用， 如：We postponed the match from March 5th to March 19th. The ball game was postponed because of the heavy rain. 【拓展】区别 delay/ postpone / put off 均含“推迟”、“延期”、“延缓”的意思。 ① delay 指“暂时阻挠或阻挡, 稍后可再继续进行”, 如：The steamer was delayed by bad weather. 汽轮因天气不佳而延期。 ② postpone 是正式用语, 语义较强, 指“有意识地延至将来某一特定时间”, 在多数 情况下, 后面说 明改在何时进行, 如：The meeting has been postponed to Friday. 会议推迟到星期五举行。 ③ put off 与 postpone 大致同义, 但较通俗口语化, 如：Let's put this off till some other time. 我们还是把这搁一搁, 以后再说 吧。 【随时练】 We ‘ve had to postpone _________ to France because Adrian’s got an interview for a job that week. A. going Key: A B. go C. to go D. to going
evolve 【原句回放】Over time, many flowering plants and their animal pollinators have evolved together. (P38) 【点拨】evolve vi &vt. to develop naturally and gradually over a period of time 表示“ 发展，进化”，常与介词 from/ into 连用， 如：There was a debate as to whether birds evolved from dinosaurs. The British present political system has evolved over several centuries. 【拓展】evolution n. 表示“进化(论),发展”，evolutionary adj. 表示“进化的， 发展的”。 如：The space program is the evolution of years of research. The new fossil finds may tell us more about human evolution. 【随时练】The developmental history of the society tells us that man has ___from the ape. A. involved Key: C B. dissolved C. evolved D. solved
attach 【原句回放】Pollen becomes attached to the animal during its visit to a flower and is then passed on to another plant’s blossom on its next visit. (P38) 【点拨】 attach vt. to connect one thing to another 表示“系上，缚上，附加”， 常与介词 to 连用，attach a label to 贴上标签， 如：There was a massage attached to the flowers. No blame attaches to him for the accident. We should attach primary importance to the development of economy. 【拓展】attached adj. 表示“连接的， 附加的”，attachment n. 表示“附件，爱 慕”。 如：She found herself growing deeply attached to the old lady. The hallway leads to a bathroom with bath and shower attachment. 【随时练】 returning home, she found a note ______ to the door, reading: “ call On in later.” A. attaching Key: B B. attached C. attach D. being attached
date back to 【原句回放】Collecting “exotic” plants, as they are called, dates back to the earliest times. (P32) 【点拨】date back to 表示“追溯到，始于”，相当于 date from, 常用于一般现在 时，且无被动语态， 如：These sculptures must date from the middle of the 7th century. 【拓展】date 用作动词，表示“在?写上日期，确定?的年代”;out of date 表示 “过时的”，up to date 表示“新式的，时髦的” 如：The paintings haven’t yet been accurately dated by the museum’s experts. The new park provides up- to -date information , hands-on learning and lots of fun and excitement. 【随时练】 The temple, which ______ back to the 17th century, is undergoing a complete mending. A. dates Key: A B. goes C. was made D. was built
give out 【原句回放】Smell: strong, sweet perfume, typically only given out at night. (P38) 【点拨】 give out vt. to produce sth. such as a sound or light, 表示“发出， 散发出”,还表示“分发，用尽，停止运转” 如：The teacher gave out textbook to the students who ask for them. The new devices gives out very low noise. His heart finally gave out under the strain. 【拓展】相关短语：give away 泄漏;赠送; give in 妥协，屈服;give off 散发出， 冒出;give up 放弃，停止， 如：The supermarket is giving away a box of sugar to everyone who comes today. The government has said all along that it will never give in to the terrorist threats. When they die, plants gives off gases such as carbon dioxide and methane(甲 烷). 【随时练】 Don’t mention that at the beginning of the story, or it may _______ the shocking ending.
A. give away Key: A
B. give out
C. give up
D. give off
重点句型 not ?until 句型 【原句回放 1】 However, it was not until the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries that the exploration of the botanical world began on a large scale. (P32) 【点拨】 not ?until 表示“直到?才，在?之前不”，只用于主句谓语是瞬间性动 词，如果主句谓语是延续性动词时则不用 not, 有时 until 可以与 before 互换 ， 如： can't start the job until we have the approval from the authority concerned. We He waited until the volcano became quiet and he was able to return two days later. Don’t promise him anything before we’ve had time to think about it. 【拓展】 ① 如果“not until?”结构置于句首时，主句的语序要用倒装结构，而 until 引导的 句子不倒装， 如：Not until I left home did I begin to understand how kind my parents were. ② “not? until 句型”用于强调句中“It was/ is not until ? that” 表示“直 到?才” 如：It was not until he told me that I knew about it. It was not until the 1880 that there were consistent experimental findings to support the theory. ③ 在 until 引导的时间状语从句中，主句若是一般将来时，从句往往用一般现在时或 现在完成时。 如：Don’t get off until the bus has stopped.
【链接高考】 【考例 1】It was _______ back home after the experiment. A.not until midnight did he go C. not until midnight that he went B. until midnight that he didn’t go D. until midnight when he didn’t go
【答案与解析】C。 考查强调句型“It was not until ? that”。
【考例 2】“You can’t have the football back _______ you promise not to kick
it at my cat again,” the old man said firmly. A.because B. since C. when D. until
【答案与解析】D. 句意是：直到你答应不再用球打我的猫，否则你不会要回你的球， 这位老太太坚定的说。
【考例 3】I won’t tell the student the answer to the math problem until he _______ on it for more than an hour. A.has been working C. will have been working B. will have worked D. had worked
【答案与解析】A. until 引导的时间状语从句中， 主句用一般将来时，从句则用现在 时。
【考例 4】We are told that we should follow the main road ______ we reached the central railway station. A. whenever B. until C. while D. wherever
【答案与解析】B. follow 是延续性动词，表示“沿着，顺着”，句意是“沿着那条公 路走直到到达中心火车站。
写作进行时 翻译下文，尽量运用本单元学过的词汇及短语： 有一天在我和汤姆上学的路上，汤姆碰上了一次车祸，幸运的是他没有受伤，可是他的 自行车坏了，于是我用绳子把他的车子拴到我的车子上，这样我们一块朝学校骑去。当然我 们的速度受到了限制，并且恐怕要迟到。我们之间也出现过争吵，最后，直到上课了我们还 没有到。然而，令我们高兴的是老师并没有惩罚我们而是表扬了我们相互帮助。 写作过程： (1)审题：______________________________________________ (2)列出相关词汇短语：_______________________________________________. (3)谋篇：_______________________________________. (4)写作：______________________________________ 答案： (1)审题：叙述一个故事，时态用一般现在时 (2) 列出相关词汇短语： came across, conflict, break down, to our delight attach, restrict,
(3)谋篇：fortunately, though, so, not ?until , however
(4)范文： One day on my and Tom’s way to school ,Tom came across an accident. Fortunately, he was not injured at all, his bike broke down, though. So I had to attach my bike to Tom’s with a rope. In this way we made our way to the school. Of course , our speed was greatly restricted and we were afraid to be late. There were some conflicts between us on our way. At last we didn’t arrive at school until the class began. However, to our delight, our teacher praised us for our helping each other instead of punishing us. 解析： 1. 这篇作文用到很多本单元的知识点， came across, break down, attach, restrict, 如： conflict 以及本单元重点句型：not ?until 及几组副词。 2.在写作过程的第二步(列出相关词汇短语)，可以作为 brainstorm 的训练，列出所 有自己能想到的词汇及短语，及连接词等等。 3.为了得到高分，同学一定要注意长短句的交替使用。如果第一句很长，第二句一定 要尽量短。如果同学们有时间背诵新概念英语，对它的布局谋篇会有深刻的印象，对我们的 写作会大有裨益。 4.精心选择过渡语， 如： fortunately，though， in this way，of course， however 等
基础达标：
单项填空(20 题)
1. In the botanical garden we can find a(n) _______ of plants that range from tall trees to small flowers. B. groups C. amount D. variety
A. species
2. This is a very special flower and it can _______ a strong sweet perfume at night. A. give in B. give up C. give out D. give out
3. The story tells of a classic conflict ______ love and duty. A. with B. between C. into D. on
4. It wasn’t until nearly a month later _______ I received the manager’s reply. A. since B. when C. as D. that
5.— Was his father very strict with him when he was at school? — Yes. He had never praised him ______ he became one of the top students in his grade. A. after B. unless C. until D. when
6. They are so close friends and their friendship ________ college days. A. dates back to B. dates back C. dates to D. dates back from
7. — Can you give me some advice about the design? — I think it should _______ to all ages and social groups. A. appear B. appeal C. suit D. fit
8. The government not only ____ the refugees(难民)houses to live in, but also _____ them with food and clothes. A. offered; offered C. provided; offered B. provided; provided D. offered; provided
9. ______, he would come in late and then say he was sorry. A. Eventually B. Typically C. Particularly D. Especially
10. There was a nice little present for everyone, with a suitable poem _______ to it. A. attached B. attacked C. attracted D. attributed
11. — Please ______ your passport. — I’m sorry, but I _______ in my home. A. show me; left it C. show me; forgot it B. show to me; left it D. show to me; forgot it
12. According to recent reports, one of the rare animals, ____ crocodile, is in ____ danger of dying out. A. a; the B. 不填; a C. 不填; the D. the; 不填
13. --- Did you have any difficulty catching yesterday’s lecture? --- No. The professor spoke very clearly to make his speech easy ____. A. understood C. understanding B. understand D. to understand
14. The supply of electric power to Madrid and neighbouring districts has to be ________. A. weakened B. omitted C. restricted D. lowered
15. --- Is Alice playing both basketball and tennis for your school? --- She ____. But now she has given up playing basketball. A. is B. has C. was D. had
16. All the children on the playground stared up into the sky until the noise of the plane____. A. gave up B. took off C. went out D. died away
17. ____ in the care of his grandmother, Ted grew to be a boy with very good manners. A. Leaving C. To leave B. To be left D. Left
18. --- Do you think living in the country has advantages? --- ____. A. Yes, perfectly C. Well, that depends B. Yes, it is D. Nothing at all
19. ____ surprises us most is that she doesn’t even know ____ the difference between the two lies. A. What; where C. What; what B. What; which D. That; where
20. If you _______ a mistake in reviewing the report, please bring it to my attention.
A. come along
B. come across
C. come around to
D. come about
答案解析： 1.选 D。a variety of 各种各样的; species 前面不能加 a, group 意思是“让” ; amount 表示“量” 。 2.选 C。 give out 发出，放出光、热、气味等;give in 屈服，让步;give up 放弃; give over 交付，托付。 3.选 B。 a conflict between ?表示“?之间的冲突” 。 4.选 D。 此题考查强调句型，强调用 not until 引导的时间状语从句，即“It is / was not until??that??” 。 5.选 C。 考查“not ?until 句型”表示“直到?才” 。 6.选 A。 date back to 或 date from 表示“从??开始，始于??时间，追溯到??” 。 7.选 B。 appeal to sb. 对??有吸引力,句意：设计应当雅俗共赏，老少皆宜。 appear 看起来好像是;suit, fit 是及物动词，不与 to 连用。 8.选 D。 offer 与 provide 的用法分别为：offer 后跟双宾语，即：offer sb. sth.; provide 要用下列形式：provide sb. with sth. 和 provide sth. for sb.。 9.选 B。 eventually 最后,终于;typically 典型地，典型的做法是;particularly 特别地;especially 尤其地;特别地;句意：典型的做法是，他会来晚然后说对不起。 10.选 A。 attach (to) 附加， 系上， 附上， attack 袭击， 攻击; attract 吸引; attribute 把 ??归功于，是由于??。 11.选 A。 show 后要跟双宾语， 即 show sb. sth. ;把??忘在哪儿要用 “forget sth. + 介词+地点。 ” 12.选 D。 考查冠词。be in danger of 为固定短语，意为“有??危险的” 。 13.选 D。 考查非谓语动词。此处应用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。 14.选 C。 restrict the supply 表示“限制供应” 。 15.选 C。 考查时态。根据语境可知，Alice 过去打篮球和网球，但现在已放弃，故此 空用一般过去时。 16.选 D。 考查动词短语。die away 表示“ (风、声音等)渐息，渐弱” 。 17.选 D。 考查非谓语动词。 过去分词短语作原因状语， 相当于原因状语从句 Because he was left in the care of his grandmother.
18.选 C。 考查交际用语。that depends 表示“视情况而定” 。 19.选 A。 考查名词性从句。 第一空用 what 引导主语从句;第二空用 where 引导宾语 从句。 20.选 B。 come across 偶然发现或遇见;come along 到达，出现;come around to
转变成与某人一致的意见;come about 发生。
词海拾贝(原精读课文缩写)
根据课文内容用合适的单词填空。 Although even ancient civilizations saw the value of bringing back plants from ______ lands and the first human plant collecting expedition ______ in history was around 1500 BC, the exploration of the botanical world did not begin ________ until the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. At that time, the European middle class ________ in collecting new plants . Brave young men took the _______of going on botanical expeditions, in spite of many dangers, including _______ with the local people. In the 1740s, one French Catholic missionary collected seeds of trees and bushes, _______ those of the Tree of Heaven in Beijing, China. The seeds arrived in England in 1751 and plants from these seeds were grown all over the world soon. It was an enormous _______ to keep plants alive during the long land trips or sea _______. Large numbers of seeds failed to grow after the long journey between Asia and Europe. It was Dr Nathaniel Ward’s invention, the Wardian case, ________ allowed plants to be transported _______ on long journeys. Robert Fortune was one of the earliest plant collectors to use Wardian cases. He even made it possible to _______ a successful tea industry in India by shipping 20,000 tea plants there from China. During the second half of the nineteenth century, many Catholic missionaries were sent to China from France. They _______ the study of the natural science and many of them knew a lot about plants and animals. Their expeditions _________ huge plant collections being sent back to France. In 1897, Father Farges collected and sent back to France 37 seeds from a dove tree that had ________ him but only one seed grew! 答案解析： 1. distant interest 5. opportunity 9. voyages 13. valued 6. conflicts 10. that 14. resulted in 7. including 11. safe 15. appealed to 8. challenge 12. establish 2. recorded 3. on a large scale 4. took great
单句改错
1. The pine trees date back to 2,000years ago has been included in the Guinness Book of World Records.
2. The first plant collected expedition in history happened around 1500 BC. 3. The attraction to exotic plants increased as European countries arrived at some other Asia countries.
4. Brave enough young man took the opportunity of going on botanical expedition, faced many dangers. 5. The species that they took from China were introduced in North America later. 6. The purpose of the trip for them is record the plants and animals they met. 7. They collected examples wherever they landed on a distant island. 8. Keep plants alive during the sea voyage became an enormous challenge. 9. These plants were allowed transporting on long journeys because of the invention. 10. Their expedition resulted from huge plant collections, which were sent to France.
答案解析： 1. date 改为 dating, 此处用 date bake to 的-ing 形式作定语，修饰名词 The pine trees。 2. collected 改为 collecting, a plant collecting expedition 表示“搜寻植物探 险 队 ” plant 与 collect 之 间 是 动 宾 关 系 ， 如 a paper-making factory 造 纸 厂 ; Tree-planting Day 植树节。 3. Asia 改为 Asian, 表示“亚洲国家”时须用其形容词形式。 4. faced 改为 facing, 此处表主动关系。 5. were 改为 was, species 作主语时谓语动词用单数，类似的还用 series, means, physics 等。 6. record 前加 to, to do 不定式作表语。 7. wherever 改为 whenever, 表示“无论什么时候登上岛屿“。 8. keep 改为 Keeping, -ing 形式作主语。 9. transporting 改为 to transport, 考查 be allowed to do sth. 表示“被允许做 某事” 。 10. from 改为 in, result in 表示 “导致， 产生结果” 而 result from 表示 ， “由于?” 。
能力提升：
单项填空(共 20 小题)
从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1. Simon thought his computer was broken _____ his little brother pointed out that he had forgotten to turn it on. A. until B. unless C. after D. because
2. Little Johnny felt the bag, curious to know what it _______.(08 全国卷 II) A. collected B. contained C. loaded D. saved
3. — Look! What have you done to the fish? — I’m sorry. I didn’t mean _______ the bowl. A. to ruin B. ruining C. to be ruined D. being ruining
4. These old buildings possibly _______ the Ming period. A. are dated back to C. are dated from B. date from D. dated back to
5. If a person has not had enough sleep, his actions will give him ______ during the day. (2008 江西卷) A. away B. up C. in D. back
6. Jack is late again. It is ______ of him to keep others waiting. (2008 江 西卷) A. normal B. ordinary C. common D. typical
7. Not until the motorbike looked almost new ____repairing and cleaning it. (2008 陕西卷.) A. he stopped B. did he stop C. stopped he D. he did stop
8. You’d better not invite him to the party because his parents won’t allow him _______ out late. A. stay B. to stay C. staying D. stayed
9. I’d like to take this _______ to thank everyone for their hard work on the project. A. time B. condition C. use D. opportunity
10. Which do you ______ most— wealth, health or fame? A. regard B. suit C. value D. choose
11. They have _______ us $150,000 for the house. Shall we take it? A. provided B. supplied C. showed D. offered
12. It is certain that he will ______ his business to his son when he gets old. A. take over B. think over C. hand over D. get over
13. The captain ______ an apology to the passengers for the delay caused by bad weather. A. made B. said C. put D. passed
14. Ideally _____ for Broadway theatres and Fifth Avenue, the New York Park hotel is a favourite with many guests. (2008 年上海卷) A. locating located B. being located C. having been located D.
15. This year the policy about money the government are carrying on is _____. A. tight B. short C. tense D. nervous
16. Having settled in that remote area, the young man quickly ______ to the terrible weather there. B. added C. adapted D. adopted
A. responded
17. The little boy kept on asking his mother to buy a toy car for him, and finally his mother _______. A. gave up B. gave in C. gave away D. gave out
18. As she entered the hall, we noticed her ______ a beautiful evening dress.
A. wearing
B. dressed
C. putting on
D. have on
19. You can eat food free in my restaurant ______ you like. A. whenever B. wherever C. however D. whatever
20. Not only _______ the date fed into it, but it can also analyze them. A. can the computer memorize C. do the computer memorize B. the computer can memorize D. can memorize the computer
答案解析： 1-----5. A B A B A 11---15. D C A D A 6-----10. D B B D C 16-----20. C D A A A
1. 选 A。 句意是直到他弟弟指出他没有开机，他一直认为电脑坏了。 2. 选 B。 contain 表示“内含，包含” ，collect 表示“收集” 。 3. 选 A。 mean to do 表示“企图，意欲” ;mean doing 表示“意味着” 。 4. 选 B。 date from 表示“追溯到”一般用于一般现在时，且无被动语态。 5. 选 A。 give away 表示“泄漏，透漏” 。 6. 选 D。 typical 表示“典型的” ，normal 正常的;ordinary 普通的;common 常见 的。 7. 选 B。 Not until 置于句首时，主句的语序用倒装结构。 8. 选 B。 考查 allow sb. to do sth “允许某人做某事” 。 9. 选 D。 take the opportunity “利用机会，抓住机会” 。 10. 选 C。 value 用作动词表示“珍惜，看中” 。 11. 选 D。 offer 后跟双宾语即 offer sb. sth 表示“提供给某人某物” 。 12. 选 C。 hand over 表示“传递” ，take over 表示“接管，接任” 。 13. 选 A。 考查 make an apology 表示“道歉” 。 14. 选 D。 be located in 表示“坐落于，位于” ，此处是过去分词短语作状语。 15. 选 A。 tight 表示“紧的” ，句意是今年政府执行的是从紧的货币政策。 16. 选 C。 adapt to 表示“适应” ;respond 反应，adopt 采纳，收养 。 17. 选 D。 give in 妥协，屈服;give away 泄漏;赠送; give out 散发出 ;give up 放弃. 18. 选 A。 wearing 作动词 noticed 的宾补，表示穿着的状态。 19. 选 A。 whenever 表示“无论何时” ，引导时间状语从句。 20. 选 A。 not only 置于句首时，要用倒装结构。
阅读理解(共 5 小题) (08 年山东卷)
It was the summer of 1965. DeLuca, then 17, visited Peter Buck, a family friend. Buck asked DeLuca about his plans for the future. “I’m going to college, but I need a way to pay for it,” DeLuca recalls saying. “Buck said, ‘You should open a sandwich shop.’ ” That afternoon, they agreed to be partners. And they set a goal: to open 32 stores in ten years. After doing some research, Buck wrote a check for $1000. DeLuca rented a storefront (店面) in Connecticut, and when they couldn’t cover their start-up costs, Buck kicked in another $1000. But business didn’ go smoothly as they expected. DeLuca says, “After six months, t we were doing poorly, but we didn’t know how badly, because we didn’t have any financial controls.” All he and Buck knew was that their sales were lower than their costs. DeLuca was managing the store and going to the University of Bridgeport at the same time. Buck was working at his day job as a nuclear physicist in New York. They’ d meet Monday evenings and brainstorm ideas for keeping the business running. “We convinced ourselves to open a second store. We figured we could tell the public, ‘We are so successful, we are opening a second store.’ And they did—in the spring ” of 1966. Still, it was a lot of learning by trial and error. But the partners’ learn-as-you-go approach turned out to be their greatest strength. Every Friday, DeLuca would drive around and hand-deliver the checks to pay their suppliers.“It probably took me two and a half hours and it wasn’ necessary, t but as a result, the suppliers got to know me very well, and the personal relationships established really helped out,” DeLuca says. And having a goal was also important. “There are so many problems that can get you down. You just have to keep working toward your goal,” DeLuca adds. DeLuca ended up founding Subway Sandwich, the multimillion-dollar restaurant chain.
21. DeLuca opened the first sandwich shop in order to ____. A. support his family B. pay for his college education C. help his partner expand business
D. do some research
22. Which of the following is true of Buck? A. He put money into the sandwich business. B. He was a professor of business administration. C. He was studying at the University of Bridgeport. D. He rented a storefront for DeLuca.
23. What can we learn about their first shop? A. It stood at an unfavorable palace. B. It lowered the prices to promote sales. C. It made no profits due to poor management D. It lacked control over the quality of sandwiches
24. They decided to open a second store because they ___. A. had enough money to do it. B. had succeeded in their business C. wished to meet the increasing demand of customers D. wanted to make believe that they were successful
25. What contribute most to their success according to the author? A. Learning by trial and error. B. Making friends with suppliers. C. Finding a good partner. D. Opening chain stores.
答案解析： 21.B。 细节理解题。由第一段关键句“ “I’m going to college, but I need a way to pay for it,”.” 可知其目的是为了支付大学的费用。
22.A。 判断正误题。 由第二段关键句 “Buck wrote a check for $1000”和“Buck kicked in another $1000.” 可知是投资人， ， 他投入了很多运转资金。 项错在 a professor of ? B
C 项错在 studying at ?.D 项错在 rented a ? 23.C。 推理判断题。由第三段的内容描述，But business didn’t go smoothly as they expected.DeLuca says, “After six months, we were doing poorly, but we didn’t know
how badly, because we didn’t have any financial controls.” All he and Buck knew was that their sales were lower than their costs.可判断出他们的第一家商店由于经 营不善，以亏本失败而告终。 24.D. 细节理解题。由第四段的“We convinced ourselves to open a second store. We figured we could tell the public, ‘We are so successful, we are opening a second store.’可知他们之所以在开第二家商店主要就是为了向别人证明他们是能够成功的。 25.A. 推理判断题。总结全文故事发展脉络，根据第四段最后一句话“Still, it was a lot of learning by trial and error.可推论出他们取得成功的主要原因在于他们的坚 持不懈，反复尝试。