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2021考研英语复习:省略句型结构的拓展
省略句型结构
一、考点概述
省略结构在考研英语中的考查主要体现在句子的理解层面,主要分为两类:一类是借助于其他词语的省略,如使用助动词代替前文出现过的动词,使用代词代替提到过的名词;另一类直接省略,如略去上下文的重合部分,通常是主语(和/或)谓语。
二、要点精析
省略结构的掌握要求是:
1.快速识别句子省略的内容;
2.补全句子省略的内容。常见的省略现象会出现在并列结构中、状语从句中、名词性从句中和定语从句中。
(1)并列结构中的省略
在并列句中,后面的分句往往省略和上文重合的部分。
例:I think you’ll win the race; indeed we all think so.
我认为你一定会赢得这场比赛,事实上我们都这样想。(so=you’ll win the race)
(2)状语从句中的省略
在when/while/if/as if/though(although)/as/until/whether等连词引导的状语从句中,若谓语是be,主语是it或与主句的主语相同时,则通常连同be动词一起被省略。
例:If (it is) necessary, we can give you another chance.
如果必要的话,我们可以再给你一次机会。
(3)名词性从句中的省略
常见的是使用不定式在主动表达中省略动词的施动者,在被动表达中省略助动词、情态动词等。
例:She will go to Beijing, but I don’t know how (she will go to Beijing).
她将去北京但我不知道她怎么去。
(4)定语从句中的省略
定语从句中也常使用不定式作为省略的手段;当用as引导非限制性定语从句时,常省略系动词。
例1:All tests require a potential candidate with whom (the tests) to compare DNA.
所有的测试都需要一个潜在的对象,从而可以将DNA与其比较。
例2:He gave the same answer as (he had given) before.
他给出的答案和以前一样。
三、考研试题举例
However , it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell at first can suddenly become sensitive to it when exposed to it often enough . (05,完型)
四、重点词汇解析
insensitive,adj. 感觉迟钝的;expose,vt. 使曝光、揭露、显示
五、参考翻译
然而我们却发现,即使某些人开始时对某种气味不敏感,如果经常接触这种气味,也会对它敏感起来。
2021考研英语复习:句型改变语序的解析
一、改变语序
改变语序,一般指倒装。倒装分为语法倒装和修辞倒装。考研难点一般在修辞倒装。修辞倒装主要是为了强调,一种是强调句子的表达重心,一种是强调一种表达语气,比如命令语气,假设语气(虚拟语气的倒装属于此类)疑问语气和否定语气。这些倒装常和一些连词或者副词(如nor/so/only/never/until等)密切相关。下文所举例子基本是从这个角度出发选择出来的。
二、背诵例句
1.So involved with the book do the boy become that his mother often have to force him to break.
译文:那男孩对这本书如此着迷,以至于他的母亲不得不总强迫他停下。
2.Only after studies provided evidence of the harmful effects of this program, has it been possible to modify TV programming policies.
译文:除非研究提供证据表明这个节目有不良影响,否则电视节目的播放政策不会改变。
3.Lonely was seeing his son only once a month since the divorce.
译文:离婚后,他每月只能看儿子一次。这使他感到孤独。
4.Scientists do not know exactly how the virus damages the immune system, nor do they understand why the natural antibodies developed to destroy the virus are ineffective.
译文:科学家们迄今未能确定这种病毒破坏免疫系统的机理,他们也不明白旨在破坏这种病毒的天然抗体为什么无效。
5.And never before has it been so undeniable that mutually beneficial international institutions of cooperation are a vital global necessity.
译文:过去人们从来没有这么坚信各国互利的国际合作机构是全球不可或缺的要素。
6.The material destruction of the war was not so great but that it could by this time have been repaired, had a good peace been made without delay.
译文:假若当时立即恢复了和平,战争在物质方面的破坏无论怎样大,到一也能够得到修复了。
7.He wrote a novel, and no sooner did he have the synopsis of a story ,but he would invite a crowd of his friends outdoors and read it aloud to them.
译文:他写小说时刚刚构思出剧情轮廓就赶紧邀请一群朋友到野外,然后把剧情梗概大声地念给他们听。
2021考研英语复习:成分省略句型的解析
一、成分省略
语言有个节省性原则。成分省略,主要是为了避免重复。一般的成分省略多为主语省略和谓语省略。这种省略属于语法省略。但考研中一般是语用省略,也就是说是为了某中具体的表达目的而采取的省略。成分省略一般和从句相结合,一正一反,使句子变得富有变化和难于把握。但省略句也有一些出现频率很高,因此需要熟记。
二、背诵例句
It is quite unevering not to be able to see or to establish contact with the others ,even though we have learnt to talk with people we can not see, as on the telephone.
译文:即使我们适应了打电话这种看不见对方的交谈方式,这种看不见也触摸不到对方的对话还是让人感到很不自在。
To American, being on ones’s own means that one is a fulling dependent functioning part of the whole capable and willing to make choices.
译文:对美国人来说,个人的自立就是指这个人在集体中完全独立并且又能发挥作用。他有能力而且也愿意作出自己的选择。
In their hearts, women think it is men’s business to earn money and theirs to spend it—if possible during their hunsband’s live, but, at any rate, after his death.
译文:女人们从心底认为:挣钱是男人的事情,女人只管话花钱——可能的话丈夫在世时就花;不行的话,那就在丈夫去世后再花。
4.I can’t accept this fact because I know that if I wasn’t able to avoid a mistake, chances were that no other surgeon could have either.
译文:我可以接受这个事实,因为我明白如果我都不能避免出错,那么其他的外科大夫出错也就难免了。
5. With strong will, men can move mountain and fill seas.—and have.
译文:凭借坚强的意志,人类能够移山填海。而事实上人类已经做到。
6.The war finally came to an end ,but not before hundreds of thousands of people had died.
译文:战争终于结束,但却是在千万人在战争中丧生之后才结束。
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