英语论文开题报告范文(精选7篇)

　　古人曾说，理论是实践的眼睛，为了总结一个阶段的工作或学习。我们需要撰写报告，报告可以提升经济效益。以下是出国留学网的编辑收集整理的“英语论文开题报告范文”，欢迎大家与身边的朋友分享吧！

英语论文开题报告范文【篇1】

　　从语用角度分析香港粤语和英语混用现象论文开题报告

　　从语用角度分析香港粤语和混用现象

　　本科生毕业论文开题报告表

英语论文开题报告范文【篇2】

　　一、论文题目：

　　classroom：interaction：and：oral：english：teaching

　　二、研究现状：

　　对于课堂互动与教学之间的关系，国内的研究主要集中在：

　　(1)构建主义模式：它是以构建主义理论为基础的互动模式，司洪海在《构建主义理论与英语口语教学》中从对现有教学模式的“”入手，探讨将构建主义引入英语课堂教学的必要性、可行性及其意义和作用。卢艳春和路雅琴在《构建主义与大学英语口语课堂教学》中则分别“从构建知识观”“构建学习观”“构建教学观”入手，强调以学生为中心的主动性、构建性。

　　(2)角色扮演模式：徐志敏、王瑛在《大学英语课堂互动教学中角色扮演探究》中着重探讨了在角色扮演的互动教学中教师的作用，对指导教学实践具有重要的意义。而黄玉兰在《角色扮演引入英语专业口语教学中》从角色扮演是“多为互动英语口语教学模式的应用”探讨了角色扮演这一的目的、步骤和利弊等方面。

　　(3)以学生为中心模式：这一模式被单独研究的较少，黄影秋在《以学生为中心提高英语口语课堂教学效果的探索中》通过对学生口语课堂学习存在的问题的分析，提倡“以学生为中心”，实现教与学的“双边互动”。并提出阐述如何运用其他“教学策略提高口语的教学效果”，促进学生交际能力的提高。而刘蓉在《谈英语口语课堂互动》中则提出了互动可以创造“以学生为中心的口语课堂和整体小组作业模式”，提高口语交际能力。

　　(4)合作性学习模式：这种模式的研究较为普遍和盛行，它兴起于美国，在后来取得实质性的进展的一种教学理论与策略。黄艳在《合作性学习在大学英语课堂的应用》中提出了以下几种合作模式，从而的出该模式的优势所在。顾晓乐在《合作性学习与情景剧表演》中从情剧表演的角度来证明合作性学习的有效性。肖巧玲在《大学英语口语教学中的合作学习》中则通过合作学习在口语教学中的实践探究合作学习应注意的原则。而慕东文在《合作性学习的特点、目标、内容和实践策略》一文中，他用“人文精神和平等民主合作”原则，对待新的理念，指导英语口语教学。

　　(5)情景设置模式：它主要是根据gillian：brown：重教师的导向，而轻学生的主体性和人文精神的培养。其结果是，不仅忽略了课堂提问在阅读教学中的促进作用，学生在课堂上囫囵吞枣，死记硬背，简单地模仿句型，而且学生普遍存在对整篇文章的综合理解，阅读速度慢，缺乏分析问题，解决问题的能力以及积极参与阅读教学的兴趣，阅读课堂呈现单调乏味的现象。

　　这种现状已经阻碍了阅读教学的进一步发展。根据新课标的精神，高中阶段英语教学的目的是"初中英语教学的基础上发展听，说，读，写的基本技能;侧重培养阅读能力"且新编的人教版高中英语教科书以阅读课为中心，突出了高中阶段阅读教学的中心地位，体现了"高中阶段英语教学侧重培养阅读能力"的原则。

　　有此可见，英语阅读教学作为高中英语教学的侧重点，其目的不仅是要让学生学会语言知识，获取文章提供的信息，领悟文章的内涵，更重要的是使学生掌握阅读的方法和技能，逐步培养语言学习能力。而课堂提问则关系到英语阅读教学的质量，是阅读教学过程得以顺利进行的关键。课堂体温，是一种教学活动过程。通常是教师提出问题，引导学生运用已经学过的知识，回答教师提出的问题，提高分析能力，从而获得新知识的方法，是阅读课堂教学中使用频率的一种教学手段。这也正是顺应了新课标中所倡导的那样，在阅读教学中注重素质教育，鼓励学生积极参与教学活动，通过感知，体验，实践，参与和合作探究等活动方式，来完成阅读教学的任务和实现英语阅读教学目标。

　　同时，通过课堂提问在阅读教学中的运用，也充分体现了阅读教学"以学生为中心的教学思路，突出学生主体，尊重个体差异"的基本理念。据此，为改变传统阅读教学的模式，我们在进行阅读课堂教学时，在阅读前教师可以提出一系列问题，让学生带着问题有目的地去阅读能激发他们的好奇心和求知欲，提高他们的阅读能力。sefc教材所提供的文章内容广泛，体裁丰富，其中以叙述和论证体为主，教师应根据不同的文体设计不同的问题，体现出不同体裁的特点。教师还应把课堂作为学生英语实践活动的舞台，把课文内容作为话题，组织学生进行讨论，议论，评价，延伸和借鉴等言语实践活动，从而发挥学生在阅读教学中的主体作用，培养其积极的思维能力和创造能力。而且，国外一些语言学家早在20世纪60年代初就从不同角度探讨研究第二语言的阅读过程，创立和丰富了外语阅读教学理论。语言学家卢利亚认为:"复杂的阅读理解至少有三个环节组成区分单词的确切意义;把握词与词之间的句法关系以及由词组成的复杂的结构。"他的话指出了阅读理解过程中语言知识的重要性。

　　1967年goodman借助心理语言学的观点，提出了崭新的阅读理论，他认为阅读是一个复杂的心理语言活动过程，是作者，语言信息，和读者三方面共同作用的结果。随着心理学，心理语言学，应用语言学和篇章语言学研究的发展，人们对阅读理论的探讨不断深入。

　　20世纪80年代初，carrol等人提出了"现代图式理论"。它强调了读者的文化背景知识在阅读理解过程中所起的作用。目前，在国内对英语阅读教学的研究，人们有着各自不同的看法。尤其是在阅读教学模式方面，则主要存在着两种不同的意见:一种是"自下而上"的模式，认为阅读教学的基本路子是先教单词，再讲句子，最后扩展到全文。另一种是"自上而下"的模式，强调"reading is a psycholingual guessing game"此外，国内的阅读教学理论也认为，阅读过程是一个主动的，有目的的，有创造性的心理过程。倡导教师在阅读教学中应该使学生始终处于积极主动的状态，通过对整篇文章的整体把握来获取文章信息，掌握语言知识，培养其阅读能力。随着国内外对阅读教学过程的不断深入，阅读教学在英语教学中的重要性将会变得显著突出。

　　如何在阅读教学中激发学生的学习兴趣，如何使其能创造性地解决课文话题所引出的与现实生活密切相关的问题，从而提高学生的阅读水平，由应试向素质教育转变，将成为一个备受注目的亟待解决的大问题。

　　本课题拟在外语教学法的范畴内，通过探讨如何运用课堂提问技巧，一方面为学生能够根据问题更快，更准确地把握对文章的综合理解，更好地获取文章的内在信息起到了积极的促进作用，另一方面，由于本课题的内容在目前的英语阅读教学中出现很少，而本课题的研究将弥补这一方面的不足，也为广大教师在阅读教学中所采用的教学技巧提供了一项参考。它的理论意义和实践意义将会十分显著。

　　2，研究目标:

　　针对课文内容的不同，在阅读课堂教学的各环节中精心设计问题，为引导学生能够积极参与阅读教学，使其能够带着疑问对文章进行阅读，并向学生提供尽可能多的直接使用语言的机会，让学生回答问题，分析问题或就某一问题进行讨论，帮助学生在有限的课堂中限度地获取文章的内在信息，提高其阅读速度，分析问题和解决问题的能力，从而改善阅读课堂教学的质量。

　　3，研究的内容:

　　主要探讨如何在阅读课堂教学的各个环节中设计课堂提问来吸引学生的阅读兴趣，尽可能地引导学生变被动为主动，积极参与阅读教学，在活跃的课堂教学环境中提高学生的阅读能力。

　　本课题研究主要解决以下几个问题:

　　(1)，对阅读课堂教学的现状进行分析，提出通过精心设计课堂提问来改善阅读教学的必要性。

　　(2)，根据阅读教学过程中的实际情况，探索和总结适合于阅读教学的课堂提问的技巧特征。

　　(3)，总结和探索在阅读课堂教学中适当运用课堂提问的技巧能否有利于优化阅读课堂教学的各环节。

　　4，研究的方法和手段:

　　(1)，方法:调查法，归纳总结法，例证法，教学观摩法，查阅文献资料法。

　　(2)，课题的研究手段主要是以实际应用为主，兼以完善这一理论研究。

　　5，研究的进度安排:统一按照院系领导和指导老师的安排，并结合论文写作的实际情况，认真完成论文协作的每项步骤。

　　参考文献:

　　1.程晓堂，郑敏。英语学习策略[m]。上海:外语教育与研究出版社，

　　2.桂诗春。新编心理语言学[m]。上海:上海外语教育出版社，

　　3.胡春洞，王才仁。英语阅读论[m]。南宁:广西教育出版社，1998

　　4.束定芳，庄智象。现代外语教学理论，实践与方法[m]。上海:上海外语教育出版社，1996年10月第1版

　　5.施建萍。高中英语阅读教学中的五种问题设计[j]。中小学英语教学与研究，(2): 41.

　　6.迟克晓。设计创新问题优化教学环节培养创新思维[j]。广西教育学院学报，(7): 128.

　　7.沈正南。高中"开放式"课堂教学初探[j]。中小学外语教学，(4): 11.

　　8.何文琴。高中英语课堂提问艺术初探[j]。中小学英语教学与研究，(2):18.

　　9.杨李花。高中英语阅读教学中的问题设计[j]。天津教育，(11): 54.

　　10.范煜华。精心设计课堂问题提高课堂教学效率[j]。中小学外语教学，(6): 22.

　　11.余冰清，谢建珍。充分利用新教材培养学生阅读能力[j]。中小学外语教学，(6): 21.

　　12.孙曼丽。高中阅读课导入与小结的创新教学设计[j]。中小学外语教学，(9): 21.

　　13.周春敏。谈谈高中英语任务型课堂教学设计[j]。中小学英语教学与研究，(5): 20.

　　14.林松青。创设教学活动情境培养学生创造个性[j]。基础教育外语教学研究，(9): 56.

　　15.葛文山，朱俊爽。浅谈课文教学中问题的设置[j]。中小学外语教学，(3): 6.

　　16.朱惠芳。研读《英语课程标准》调整阅读教学策略[j]。中小学英语教学与研究，(9): 24.

　　17.杜星。讨论式教学在sefc教材中的运用[j]，中小学英语教学与研究，(3):13.

　　18.鲁芬芬。高中英语阅读课教法探讨[j]，中小学外语教学，(11): 17.

英语论文开题报告范文【篇3】

　　1 Introduction

　　1.1 Background of the Study

　　China plays a much more important role in world economic system along with thedevelopment of economic globalization. Economic globalization not only accelerates our country'seconomic growth, but also promotes the speed of international trade all over the world. Thereforeexcellent business communication competence becomes increasingly important as well. As one ofthe language media business English correspondence aims to link overseas and domestic economicentities, exchange information, communicate with each other and deal with business. It plays anextremely important role in the frequent international trade. It is no exaggeration to say, businessEnglish correspondence is used in every step of business activities.

　　The course of business English writing has almost expanded into every university curriculum.Both foreign and domestic scholars have done researches on business English correspondencefrom the perspective of lexicon, semantic fields, especially based on corpus. There are two majorlarge-scale corpora on business English. One is Nelson's Business English Corpus (BEC for short)accounting for one million words. The other one is Poly U Business Corpora constructed by HongKong Polytechnic University. The Poly U Business Corpora are made up of three comparablecorpora of Chinese, English and Japanese business texts, the majority of which originate from thebusiness and finance sections of newspapers written in those languages, covering news and reportsfrom auditing and accounting to insurance and investments. Each of the corpora has more than onemillion words. It is accessible on line for searching key words to see a concordance taken fromPoly U Business English corpus, which is helpful to students and teachers. It is thus obviously thatbusiness English is quite important so that attracts much attention from linguistic researchers. Ithas been an overriding aim of this project to create a resource for researchers to help furtherknowledge of an area which so far has been the research topic of many scholars.

　　1.2 Significance of the Study

　　This thesis makes a relatively complete study of business English correspondence from theperspective of lexical grammar theory and syntactic theory. It takes up business Englishcorrespondence as its research topic and aims to propose some feasible strategies in businessEnglish correspondence writing and teaching. The study expected to achieve both theoretical andpractical significance as follows:

　　First of all, this study will introduce a new research method. Corpus provides a brand newway for the study of language. It breaks through the traditional method of intuitive experiencemethod and turns to the original analysis of natural language in order to provide a firm foundationand data support for language research in various fields. Traditional intuitive experience methodfocuses on personal experience and intuition, manual methods or introspective method whichcould acquire linguistic knowledge only from limited data of language materials. This method ofacquiring linguistic knowledge is not only inefficiency but also more subjective which inevitablyleads a effect on the accuracy of final result. However, corpus-based approach is totally different.Corpus can find the target data quickly by using computer software for scientific analysis, andovercome the limitation of traditional research on the subjectivity and one-sidedness. Thismacroscopic method can carry on a multi-level and all-rounded research on the basis of a largenumber of real data, and effectively promote the new theoretical model and research paradigm. Italso relies on computer science to achieve its powerful function in language searching, andprovides a new method in linguistic research for the majority of language researchers.

　　Secondly, a clear understanding of lexical grammar theory could be achieved. Language is atool for human communication which inevitably cannot do without meaning expression andunderstanding. Sinclair broke the previous rules of describing vocabulary and grammar in aseparate way. Therefore, a new point of view has been proposed. That is language should bedescribed by using the way combining vocabulary and grammar which opened up a new path forlanguage description based on a corpus. Then he proposed lexical grammar, and believed thatvocabulary and grammar are equally important, in which vocabulary is the starting point forbuilding the language model. The key aspects about the origin of lexical grammar and thewholeness of lexis and grammar will be discussed in detail in next chapter and this study is basedon the theory of lexical grammar to explore the features of business English correspondence fromlexical and syntactic levels.

　　Thirdly, after a relatively complete study on the business English correspondence, typicallexical and syntactic features could be worked out.

　　Fourthly, feasible strategies could be proposed to business English correspondence writingand teaching.

　　1.3 Layout of the Thesis

　　In this thesis, the study will do some research on business English correspondence andmanage to summarize some common syntactic features of business English correspondence basedon lexical-grammar theory and syntactic theory. This thesis is divided into the following six parts:

　　Chapter 1, the introduction part is an introduction concerning the theme of the thesis,including a general introduction of the background and significance of the study and theorganization of the whole thesis.

　　Chapter 2, a literature review is provided in this chapter, which gives out an overview of thecorpus linguistics and business English correspondence. It first introduces business Englishcorrespondence and corpus linguistics briefly, and then gives a comprehensive introduction tothem which are also discussed here for better understanding to the field that the theory will beapplied to. Relevant studies both on Corpus linguistics and business English correspondence arealso presented at the end of each part.

　　Chapter 3 introduces the theoretical framework which contains four main parts: principles ofbusiness English correspondence, the application in corpus linguistics, lexical grammar andsyntactic theory. Then Sinclair's lexical grammar theory and syntactic theory will be discussed indetail. In the end of this chapter, the writer will talk about the paper's feasibility.

　　Chapter 4 addresses the research methodology of the study which includes the corpus-basedquantitative and qualitative method, the corpus and instruments used in the study, the proceduresof the study both in relation to data collection and data processing and concordance.

　　Chapter 5 is the main part of the thesis of which lexical and syntactic features will bediscussed and analyzed in this part. Word length, sentence length, wordlist and some other wordfrequency will be listed and analyzed in detail.

　　Chapter 6 draws a conclusion of the thesis, which gives a summary to the whole paper.Besides the major findings of the study, it also points out the limitations and difficulties of thepresent study.

　　2 CONTENTS

　　Abstract in Chinese

　　Abstract in English

　　1 Introduction

　　1.1 Background of the Study

　　1.2 Significance of the Study

　　1.3 Layout of the Thesis

　　2 Literature Review

　　2.1 Studies on Business English Correspondence Abroad and at Home

　　2.2 Studies based on Corpus Linguistics Abroad and at Home

　　2.3 Summary

　　3 Theoretical Framework

　　3.1 Writing Principles of Business English Correspondence

　　3.2 Lexical Grammar

　　3.3 Syntactic Theory

　　4 Methodology

　　4.1 Corpus-Based Approach

　　4.2 Research Instruments

　　4.3 Research Procedures

　　4.3.1 Data Collection

　　4.3.2 Data Clean-up

　　4.3.3 Tokenization

　　4.3.4 Lemmatization

　　4.3.5 Part-of-speech Tagging

　　5 Results and Discussions

　　5.1 Syntactic Complexity Analysis

　　5.1.1 Analysis of Word Length and Sentence Length

　　5.1.2 Contrastive Analysis between Content Words and Function Words

　　5.1.3 Contrastive Analysis between Simple Sentence and Complex Sentence

　　5.2 Syntactic Pattern Analysis

　　5.2.1 Passive Voice

　　5.2.2 Interrogative Sentence

　　5.2.3 Subjunctive Mood

　　5.3 Syntactic Feature Analysis

　　5.3.1 Syntactic Feature of Letters of Request and Comfirmation

　　5.3.2 Syntactic Feature of Letters of Acceptance and Refusal

　　5.3.3 Syntactic Feature of Letters of Appreciation and Apology

　　6 Conclusion

　　6.1 Major Findings

　　6.2 Implications for the Study

　　6.3 Limitations

　　Acknowledgement

　　References

　　Appendix

　　Papers published in the period of Ph. M. education

　　进度安排

　　1.Collecting the related materials and designing theresearch, data analysis: Sep.1st-Dec.31st,20xx

　　2.Writing the first draft: Jan.1st- Feb.31st, 20xx

　　3.Writing the second draft:Mar. 1st- Apr. 31st,20xx

　　4.Writing the final draft: May. 1st- May.31st,20xx

　　5.Preparing for defense of the thesis: June.1st- June31st,20xx

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英语论文开题报告范文【篇4】

　　一、论文题目：

　　classroom：interaction：and：oral：english：teaching

　　二、研究现状：

　　对于课堂互动与教学之间的关系，国内的研究主要集中在：

　　(1)构建主义模式：它是以构建主义理论为基础的互动模式，司洪海在《构建主义理论与英语口语教学》中从对现有教学模式的“”入手，探讨将构建主义引入英语课堂教学的必要性、可行性及其意义和作用。卢艳春和路雅琴在《构建主义与大学英语口语课堂教学》中则分别“从构建知识观”“构建学习观”“构建教学观”入手，强调以学生为中心的主动性、构建性。

　　(2)角色扮演模式：徐志敏、王瑛在《大学英语课堂互动教学中角色扮演探究》中着重探讨了在角色扮演的互动教学中教师的作用，对指导教学实践具有重要的意义。而黄玉兰在《角色扮演引入英语专业口语教学中》从角色扮演是“多为互动英语口语教学模式的应用”探讨了角色扮演这一的目的、步骤和利弊等方面。

　　(3)以学生为中心模式：这一模式被单独研究的较少，黄影秋在《以学生为中心提高英语口语课堂教学效果的探索中》通过对学生口语课堂学习存在的问题的分析，提倡“以学生为中心”，实现教与学的“双边互动”。并提出阐述如何运用其他“教学策略提高口语的教学效果”，促进学生交际能力的提高。而刘蓉在《谈英语口语课堂互动》中则提出了互动可以创造“以学生为中心的口语课堂和整体小组作业模式”，提高口语交际能力。

　　(4)合作性学习模式：这种模式的研究较为普遍和盛行，它兴起于美国，在后来取得实质性的进展的一种教学理论与策略。黄艳在《合作性学习在大学英语课堂的应用》中提出了以下几种合作模式，从而的出该模式的优势所在。顾晓乐在《合作性学习与情景剧表演》中从情剧表演的角度来证明合作性学习的有效性。肖巧玲在《大学英语口语教学中的合作学习》中则通过合作学习在口语教学中的实践探究合作学习应注意的原则。而慕东文在《合作性学习的特点、目标、内容和实践策略》一文中，他用“人文精神和平等民主合作”原则，对待新的理念，指导英语口语教学。

　　(5)情景设置模式：它主要是根据gillian：brown：&：george：yuled的语言情景对第二语言习得者的交际紧张、焦虑的研究表明口语情景设置不适当，会影响学生用目进行交流，进而强调进行口语教学情景设置的重要性。张舍茹、孙边旗在《英语口语教学的情景设置>>中就论述我们应注意“情景互动教学中应遵循的原则”，及如何设置“英语口语教学中情景设置的形式”两个小方面局部性的探讨了情景设置这种互动模式。孙久荣在《论英语口语课的情景教学》中对情景设置这个模式从宏观上进行了分类，进而得出“开放式情景”和“封闭式情景”，为情景设置互动模式研究开辟了一个小领域。

　　三、研究的目的及意义：

　　通过对目前已经发展起来并比较成熟的几种互动模式的归纳来看：关于人际互动这种互动模式在目前的互动性研究中被单独研究还比较少，没有被当作一种独立的模式应用到英语口语课堂教学中，它更多的是被贯穿到其他几种互动模式当中。因此，本论题认为它还有进一步研究的空间。

　　四、研究的理论依据和研究方法：

　　本论题将以教育心理学的理论为基础，以互动理论和构建主义理论为依据，运用归纳总结的方法对已有的研究进行宏观上的概述，从而引出本文论题，通过例证分析、验证人际互动模式对课堂英语口语教学效果的提高所具有的重要意义。

　　五、提纲：

　　introduction

　　chapter：one：definition：and：theoretical：basis：of：interaction

　　1.1：definition：of：interaction

　　1.2：theoretical：basis：of：interaction

　　1.3：some：main：interactive：modes：in：the：present：classroom

　　chapter：two：the：necessity：and：the：principles：of：following：interaction-teaching：mode

　　2.1：the：disadvantage：of：traditional：oral：english：teaching：mode

　　2.2：the：necessity：and：merit：of：taking：interaction-teaching：mode

　　2.3：oral：english：interaction-teaching：mode：should：follow：the：principles

　　chapter：three：personal：interaction：in：the：oral：english：teaching

　　3.1：the：relationship：between：the：teacher：and：students

　　3.2：two：types：of：personal：interaction

　　3.3：classroom：climate

　　3.4：classroom：size

　　chapter：four：the：evaluation：of：the：interactive：oral：english：teaching：mode

　　4.1：some：principles：should：follow：when：evaluating

　　4.2：the：concept：of：evaluating

　　4.3：the：technology：of：evaluating

　　conclusion

英语论文开题报告范文【篇5】

　　一、改革教学目标

　　中学英语教学改革是摆在中学英语教师和从事学英语教学研究工作者面前的一个课题。

　　进行中学英语教学大纲中教学目标和要求比过去大纲中的目标与要求具体得多，这是一个进步。但在进行大纲中，仍然存在着一些弊病，具体讲，存在着以下问题：

　　1）大纲教学目标和要求的描述不尽详细。

　　现行大纲对有些目标和要求的描述很不具体，如，大纲中对读的要求有这样的文字描述：“能读懂简单的运用文，如信函、请柬、通知、便条、说明、表格、图示和标志等。”这句话中的要求就不详细，如“信函”，我们知道信函包括很多种，而在此所指的是哪一种呢，教师就不得而知了。无奈之余，他们在教学中，就有些不知所措了。在高三的复习中，只好把各种“信函”全部给拉出来见面。而事实上，根据近些年的高考题来看，信函大多属于普通信、邀请信和感谢信。所以，我认为，既然要具体，就应该再详细一些，以便于教师在教学中操作。

　　2）大纲中的目标和要求不完善。

　　现行英语教学大纲第二部分的教学要求中只写出了“高级中学二年级和三年级英语教学要求”，而对高一年级的要求只字未提。高一是一个过渡时期，它处于初三和高二之间，学生处于一个转轨阶段。在这一时期，教师教学的尺度本来就很难把握，再加上大纲中又不作任何要求，这就更提高了教师施教的难度，故应该改革这种情况。

　　二、改革教学观念

　　人的一切行为都是在理论的指导下进行实践的。没有先进的思想观念，便不可能有先进的教学实践。如果教学观念滞后，就不可能有新的教学方法的产生。故教学观念的改革显得越来越重要。

　　改变观念不能只是一句口号，而应成为实实在在的行动。改革观念最有效的途径是出国进修，直接感受国外英语教学的思想和观念。除此之外，教师们还应该眼观六路，耳听八方，虚怀若谷，不断地学习。只有这样，观念方可转变，才能跟上时代的要求，不至于落伍。

　　三、改革和完善现行教材

　　现行教材有很多的优点，它已被广大中学师生所接受。但作为一套教材，它还存在着一些问题：

　　1）教材内容多，课时少的矛盾。

　　2）教材缺乏系统性。

　　3）教材中的漏误。

　　4）配套材料不够完善。

　　5）缺乏系统配套的泛读材料。

　　6）语言不严密。

　　这些问题严重影响着教学达标。根据以上问题，现行教材亟待改革。

　　四、改革教法

　　英语教学法是执教者根据英语教育的基本规律所采用的一种语言教学的方法。教学方法的选择是依据教学目标和教学内容来确定的。采用了科学的教学方法，教学方可有效。回顾我国英语教学法的演变过程，真可谓步履艰难。自从中国开始大规模的英语教学以来近百年，英语教学法经历了五个时期，即：对比法——直接法——翻译法——结构法和功能法。而这五种教学法又是交替使用，从来没有被单独使用过，其中翻译法沿用的时间最长。这一方法主要针对英语知识的教学，它至今仍在一定程度上影响着我们的教学。而现在的新教材是功能法和结构法的产物，是实用主义哲学的体现。根据我国改革开放的需要，要求培养学生能在国际交往中直接使用英语的能力。改革教法的目的就是要把过去的知识传授型的方法和不适合新教材的教学法改为功能交际法，以便达到培养交际能力的目的。

　　五、改革教学手段

　　新教材突出交际能力的培养。同时由于新教材容量大，课时有限，因此如果在教学中还一味地使用过去的“三个一”（一张嘴、一本书、一支粉笔）的教学手段，那是很难完成教学任务的，更不用说达到教学目标了。鉴于此，各学校应该尽力去改善英语教学的手段。英语教学改革的目标就是要利用一切可以利用现代化教学手段，给学生提供现代化的视听仪器和教学辅助设施，增大课堂容量，提高课堂教学的效果。

　　六、改革评估检测

　　考试、检测是评估教学效果的惯用手段。尽管新教材已经使用了六年多了，但至今还没有一套完全适合新教材的评估检测手段。现在的实际情况是考、教脱节。新教材以培养交际能力的目的，而现在的考试，评估仍然是以考试语法为主，这严重影响着教学。众所周知，考什么教什么，尽管近年来对能力的考查有所侧重，但事实上现在的考试仍然没有完全摆脱语法考试的影响。故导致在复习备考阶段，大部分时间还是花在了语法复习上。因此这种评估检测手段亟待改革。

　　七、改革师资现状

　　目前，全国各地中学英语师资水平很不均衡。越是贫困的地区，师资水平越低。造成这种情况的原因是多方面的。

　　1）七十年代，由于师资缺乏，全国各地举办了不少的短训班。短训班里培训出的教师解决了当时教师缺乏的问题，而这部分人的英语素质不高。

　　2）现在的中学教师中大多数属于八十年代中专或大专毕业生，虽然他们在长期的教学实践中努力，自修，拿到了大本函授文凭，但实际上，大多数的水平提高幅度不大。

　　3）函授不利于教师素质的提高，因为英语作为一种语言，在学习过程中，须进行听、说、读、写、译各方面的训练，而函授不能很好地解决这些问题。

　　4）由于工作环境和时间的推移，教师们的听、说能力不断地退化。

　　5）由于区域发展的不平衡，教师流动较大。这样就使得经济较发达的地区，教师师资水平越来越高，落后地区的师资水平越来越低，这样就造成了恶性循环，很不利于英语教学水平的全面提高。

　　鉴于以上原因，我们必须设法改革英语师资的现状。为了改革师资队伍的建设，国家教委计划将在近三年内培养一万名能教会研的教师，这对英语教师来说是一件难得的好事，除此之外各地的教育行政部门和学校教应该为教师们创造条件，鼓励进修。

　　总之，凡是不利于推行素质教育的情况均需改革。作为一名教师，我认为我们有责任为深化教学改革做一些力所能及的事情。如果每个教育教学工作者都来为教学改革出谋献策，那么，我们英语教学改革的成功之日也就为期不远了。希望我们共同努力，为之奋斗！

英语论文开题报告范文【篇6】

　　黄帝内经四字词组的英语策略论文开题报告

　　On English Translation of TCM Four-character Phrases from the Perspective of Skopostheorie

　　— a Study Based on the Case of Suwen of Huangdi Neijing

　　Gu XXXX

　　Supervisor: (Professor)Li Shuai

　　A dissertation presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements

　　for the Degree of BA in English(medicine-oriented) at Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine

　　March, 20xx

　　Rationale and Significance

　　Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is the essential constituent of Chinese traditional culture treasure. The TCM literature translation not only is helpful to the further development of TCM in the world scope, also is the important content in cultural exchange between China and west. Abstract Four-character phrase originally was an important pattern of manifestation of Chinese classical language. Though the Chinese classical language has been replaced by vernacular Chinese for nearly one century, four-character phrase is still used in vernacular Chinese, which shows its important position in both ancient and modern Chinese. Ancient medical literature and TCM terms also have a large proportion of four-word phrases. So research on translation of four-character TCM terms is very necessary. A good translation of them could decide the quality of TCM translation more or less. So we need a further study on translation strategies of TCM four-character phrases。

　　Huangdi Neijing,the collection of Suwen and LingShu,which is the earliest Classieal Chinese medicine(CCM) doeument existing today. The book contains a lot of knowledge in many fields in ancient times, such as Chinese ancient medicine, astrology, meteorology and phenoligy. It plays a significant leading role even today on the theoretical research and clinical practice of Chinese mdicin. The proportion of Four-character phrase in Suwen of Huangdi Neijing reaches to 33 percent, which is cosidered as a large proportion.

　　Skopostheorie is an approach to translation which was developed in Germany in

　　the late 1970s. It takes seriously factors which have always been stressed in action theory, and which were brought into sharp relief with the growing need in the later half of twentieth century for the translation of non-literary text types. In the translation of scientific and academic papers, instructions for use, tourist guides, contracts, etc., the contextual factors surrounding the translation cannot be ignored. These factors include the culture of the intended readers of the target text and of the client who has commissioned it, and, in particular, the function which the text is to perform in that culture for those readers. Skopostheorie is directly oriented towards this function. Skopostheorie places translation in socio-cultural context, which includes institution which initiates it and stresses the interplay between the translator and functionality, and holds the view that translational action produces a target text that is functionally communicative and functionally suitable in the target culture.

　　Literature Review (Background)

　　According to Chinese Grammar and Rhetorical Dictionary, four-character structure is a set pattern which is composed of four Chinese character.

　　Studies on translation of Chinese Four-character phrases

　　Domestic

　　Lu Gang has written in Translating Chinese Four-character Chain Structure that “Chinese four-character chain structure is featured with colorful meanings sequent reference and flowing conception. Its translation should take into account the historical cultural and geographical factors concerning China and resort to tactics such as literal translation, free translation, combination, extraction, word order change or materialization as is appropriate with the context.

　　Zhang Xiuyan has made discussion On Translating Chinese Four-character phrases, and pointed out that “It first should be clear that the surface structure could be simplified without running the risk of noticeable semantic distortion. Five strategies are proposed: first, translating four-character phrases into one English word; second, translating them, into various English phrases; third translating the

　　Figures of speech in Chinese four-character phrases such as simile, metaphor, personification, antithesis, parallelism, transfer of feeling, so on and so forth, into corresponding or different figures of speech in English; fourth, translating four –character phrases to ‘there be’……pattern or passive voice or imperative sentences; last, comprehensive method is often employed when several four-character phrases are used together.

　　Dong Jiawen has discussed the same issue from a quite different perspective, whose paper title with A Corpus-based Study of Four-word Lexical Bundles in Linguistic Journal Article.

　　Foreign

　　Quite a large number of foreign scholars have been interested in Chinese culture, especially Chinese Classics. Many foreign translators have made their great contribution to translation of Chinese Classics. E.H.Parker, the famous British diplomat and sinologist had devoted his version of Lisao, the Sadness of Separation in1871. The Story of the Stone, famous English version of Hongloumeng, which was translated by David Hawkes & John Minford in1973 still enjoys its popularity until now.

　　Although so many sinologists and orientalists has done quite large amount of research works on translating Chinese Classics, they don’t cast their special focus on translation of Chinese four-character phrases.

　　Studies on translation of TCM Four-character phrases

　　There are some scholars casting their focus on four-character phrases in TCM field. For example, Zhang Dengfeng has mainly discussed translation strategies of traditional Chinese medicine four-character phrases.

　　Ding Nianqing and Yu Meifang has discussed on Logistic Relationship Analysis of Four-character China Medical Term and Its Corresponding Translation Strategy and tried to the corresponding translation strategy of TCM four-character terms based on the analysis of the logistic relation of four-character phrases.

　　Hu Lijuan has made discussion On the Translation of the Four-Character Phrase of TCM into English, and point put that a deep understanding of the basic difference between the two languages and good mastery of them, an accurate perception of the deep structure of the source language and a profound comprehension of the language structure and culture background of the target language are inevitable to the successful translation of the four character phrase of TCM,

　　Ji Zhe has made research on English Translation of Four-word Phrases in Suwen of Huangdi Neijing (The Plain Questions of The Yellow Emperor’s Classic of Internal Medicine) with assistance of corpus analysis

　　Aims and Objectives/Research Questions/Problems to be Investigated

　　The thesis attempts to answer the following questions:

　　(1) What are the difficulties in four-character phrase translation?

　　(2) What are the features of TCM four-character phrase? And how does it influence in C-E four-character phrase translation?

　　(3) How the purpose of C-E four-character phrase translation is realized in the target text?

　　(4) What are the differences between the two versions on translation of TCM four-character phrase.

　　Methodology and Data Collection

　　Methods: Two English versions were selected: the Yellow Emperor’s Canon Internal Medicine translated by Nelson Liansheng Wu and Andrew Qi Wu (1997),and Huangdi Neijing-Yellow Emperor’s Canon of Medicine translated by Li Zhaoguo(2005).

　　Physician-to-Non-physician translator

　　A comparative study of two versions of Suwen of Huangdi Neijing is the main method throughout the thesis. And all the four-character phrases will be selected from chapter 1 to chapter 30 of both versions.

　　Theoretical Framework

　　Skopostheorie was put forward by famous German translator Hans J. Vermeer in the 1970s. Skopos is a Greek word, which means aim or purpose. Vermeer introduced it into translation theory as a technical term for the purpose of a translation and of the action of translating. What Skopostheorie focuses on is the purpose of the translation, which determines the translation methods and strategies in order to produce a functionally adequate result. Just as Hatim argues that in Skopostheorie, the way the target text eventually shapes up is determined to a great extent by the purpose, intended for it in the target context. Therefore, in Skopostheorie, knowing why a ST is to be translated is crucial for the translator.

　　Skopos Rule

　　In Skopostheorie, the foremost rule that all translations must abide by is skopos rule. Translation purpose determines translation strategies and methods. The target text must be produced with a given purpose in mind since translations function well when shaped by a particular purpose. The translator must know the skopos of the translation clearly. Therefore, in the translation of TCM four-character phrase, translators need to make themselves clear about the purpose of TCM four-character phrase translation.

　　Coherence Rule

　　Coherence rule is also called intra-textual coherence rule. The target text(TT) should conform to the standard of intra-textual coherence. That means the TT receiver should be able to understand the TT and the TT should make sense in the communicative situation and culture in which it is received. Therefore, the translator should consider TT receivers' cultural background and social circumstance in order to produce a meaningful TT for TT receivers. If these structures four-character phrases and terms of TCM are translated into corresponding Western Medicine terms, they will be coherent with their situation and foreign TCM readers can interpret these translated TCM four-character phrases easily.

　　Fidelity Rule

　　In English translation of TCM four-character phrases, it is important for the target text to be faithful to the original, especially the content of the source text in that TCM has formed a unique theoretical and clinical system through its long history of development, which is quite different from Western Medicine in theory and practice. TCM includes many ancient Chinese philosophies, such as yin-yang theory and five-phase theory. The translator should faithfully translate unique Chinese culture hidden in these TCM four-character phrases.

　　Outline/Organization of the Proposed Study

　　Chapter 1 Introduction

　　1.1Background of the Study

　　1.2Problem to be Solved in the Present Study

　　1.3The Methodology of the Present Study

　　1.4The Significance of the Present Study

　　1.5The outline of the Present Study

　　Chapter 2 Literature Review

　　2.1Definiton of Four-Word Phrases

　　2.2Previous Studies on the English translation of Four-Word Phrases

　　2.3Previous Studies on the English Translation of TCM Four-word Phrases

　　Chapter 3 Theoretical Framework

　　3.1Framework of Skopostheorie and its Application

　　3.1.1Outline of Skopostheorie

　　3.1.2Development of Skopostheorie

　　3.1.3Status Quo and Feasibility of Skopostheorie

　　3.2Perspectives of Skopostheorie: the Three Principles

　　3.2.1The Skopos Principle as a Guiding Principle

　　3.2.2The Fidelity Principle

　　3.2.3The Coherence Principle

　　3.3Significance of Skopostheorie to TCM Four-Word Phrases Transltion

　　Chapter 4 Strategies of TCM Four-word Phrases Transltion Within Framework of Skopostheorie : a comparative Study of Suwen of Huangdi Neijing

　　4.1The Skopos of Two Translators in Rendering Suwen of Huangdi Neijing

　　4.3 Strategies of TCM Four-word Phrases Transltion Within Skopostheorie: A Comparative Study of Suwen of Huangdi Neijing

　　4.2.1 A Comparative Study on C-E Translation of Objective Relation

　　4.2.2 A Comparative Study on C-E Translation of Causal Relation

　　4.2.3 A Comparative Study on C-E Translation of Coordinating Relation

　　4.2.4 A Comparative Study on C-E Translation of Transition Relation

　　4.3Solutions to TCM Four-Word Phrases Translation Within Framework of Skopostherie

　　Conclusion

　　Tentative Conclusion

　　Skopostheorie will provide a scientific and efficient way for TCM four-character phrase translation model, for example planning the process of translation training, classifying translation problems, testing transfer competence and assessing translation quality.

　　Potential Difficulties

　　Due to large amount of four-character phrase, there still might be some inadequacies in the classification of the data selected from the two versions. Due to the limited capability of the author, the part of case study can be further expanded to include more examples for discussion so as to strengthen the argument of this thesis in further study.

　　References

　　1. Wu, Liansheng and Wu, Qi. The Yellow Emperor’s Classic Internal Medicine [M]. Beijing: China Science and Technology Press, 1997.

　　2. Newmar, Peter. The Deficiencies of Skopos Theory: A Response to Anna Trosborg [J]. Current Issues in Language & Society，2000，(3).

　　3. Nord, Christiane. Translating as a Purposeful Activity: Functionalist Approaches Explained [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 2001.

　　4. Li, Zhaoguo, Huangdi Neijing一Yellow Emperor’s Canon of Medicine [M], Xi’an: World Publishing Corporation, 2005.

　　5. Munday, Jeremy. 2001. Introducing Translation Studies: Theories and Applications, 中译本: 《翻译学导论 理论与实践》,李凤德等译,2007。北京:商务印书馆。

　　6. 张登峰.中医学四字结构的`英译法[J1.陕西中医函授,1995,3:44-6.

　　7. 施蕴中.《黄帝内经》首部英译本述评[[J].上海科技翻译，2002 ( 2) :46-49.

　　8. 罗磊.医学英汉互译技巧与实践[M ].北京:人民军医出版社, 2004: 322~324

　　9. 张秀燕.浅谈汉语四字词组的英译[J].宁波广播电视大学学报,2005(3):36-38

　　10. 方廷钰.中医翻译探讨[J].中医教育,2005(24)4:34-36.

　　11. 魏酒杰.英汉汉英中医词典[J].长沙:湖南科学技术出版社,2006.

　　12. 董岩.汉语四字词组的几种译法[J].南京广播电视大学学报,2006:44-46

　　13. 毛和容,曹忠凯,文惠.从中医语言的特性看中医基本名词术语英译的原则[J].长春理工大学学报,2013:143-144

　　14. …………

英语论文开题报告范文【篇7】

　　系别:外语系 专业:英 语 所选题目名称:

　　English Idioms and Their Cohesive Function

　　一、课题研究现状:

　　English idioms are an important part of the English vocabulary、The general tendencies of present-day English are towards more idiomatic usages、Halliday and Hason (1976) pointed out that there are three functions of English idioms (ideational function, interpersonal function and textual function)、Another scholar, Fernando C、(1996), also made valuable contributions to the understanding of idiomatic expression_r of coherent text, and in the creation of stylistic effects.

　　Chinese linguists like Hu Zhuanglin (1994, 1996), Zhu Yongsheng (1995, 1996, 1997) and Zhang Delu (1994) mainly made contributions to the study of textual cohesion.

　　二、课题研究目的:

　　This paper is firstly intended to define English idioms and analyze the features of them、It then explores the cohesive function after careful analysis and discussion, attempting to arouse the concern of using idioms appropriately and help readers make full use of the cohesive function for communicating more concisely and idiomatically, thus more effectively.

　　三、课题研究内容:

　　As English idioms are much alive in everyday English, a close look at the function of idioms must be taken、This dissertation includes the following five aspects: 1、Introduction

　　2、A General Study of English Idioms 2.1 The Definition of English Idioms 2.2 Features of English Idioms

　　3、Cohesive Function of English Idioms 3.1 Cohesion

　　3.2 Functional Categories

　　3.3 Cohesive Function of Relational Idioms 3.4 Cohesive Function of Other Idioms

　　4、The Cohesive Function in Terms of Syntax And Pragmatics 4.1 Syntactic Cohesion 4.2 Pragmatic Function 5、Conclusion

　　四、课题研究计划:

　　January 22-March 10: question posing of the research and collection of materials March 11-March 25: analysis of the materials and writing of an outline

　　March 26-April 30: completion of the first draft and seeking supervisor’s advice May 1?June 10: refinement of the paper according to teacher’s suggestion

　　June 11?June 22: finalization of the thesis based on the set requirements after the defence

　　五、主要参考文献:

　　[1] Fernando, C、Idioms and Idiomaticity、Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 20xx

　　[2] Halliday, M.A.K、and R、Hason、Cohesion in English、Longman Press, 1985

　　[3] Lakoff, G、and M、Johnson、Metaphors We Live By、University of Chicago Press, 1980

　　[4] Makkai, A、Idiom Structure in English、The Hague Press,1972

　　[5] 林承璋、英语词汇学引论[M]、武汉大学出版社，1987

　　[6] 陆国强、现代英语词汇学[M]、上海外语教育出版社, 1999

　　[7] 汪榕培, 卢晓娟、英语词汇学教程[M]、上海外语教育出版社, 1999

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