2012中考英语语法重点 形容词副词 1

2012-05-26 12:12:28 2012中考英语语法重点

  Adj.表示人和事物的特征,对名词起修饰和描绘作用

  Adv. 表示动作特征或性状,主要修饰动词、形容词、副词及整个句子

  形容词、副词的比较级

  1.原级:表示A与B在某方面相同。

  句型:1) A + 谓 + as + 原级 + as + B

  2) A + 谓(否定) + as/so + 原级 + as + B

  注意:not as / so… as = less …than 不及;不如

  eg. 1)This girl is as beautiful as that one.

  2)You don’t eat so much as I.

  3)This book isn’t as interesting as that one

  = This book is ___ ________ _____ that one

  2.比较级:两者进行比较(常与than连用)

  1)I am cleverer than you 我比你聪明。

  2)He runs faster than Jim 他比Jim跑得快。

  3)I picked more apples than Jim.我比你摘的苹果多。

  4)Which is more interesting, this one or that one? 哪本书更有趣,这本还是那本?

  3.最高级:三者(或三者以上)进行比较(常与表范围的in , of短语连用)

  ( 注意:of + 个体名词单数 in + 集合名词 )

  eg. 1)Shanghai is the biggest city in China.

  2)He runs fastest in our class.

  3)He is the tallest of the three boys.

  4)Which is the easiest, Lesson1, Lesson2 or Lesson3 ?

  4.形、副比较等级的其他用法

  1) “比较级and 比较级” 表示 “越来越……”

  eg. lazier and lazier 越来越懒

  (但注意:如果多音节词用此结构时应为 more and more + 形、副)

  eg. more and more beautiful 越来越漂亮

  2) “the比较级,the比较级” “越……,越……”

  eg. the more, the better 多多益善

  _________ you are, _______ you will get.

  你越懒,收获越少。

  3) “the比较级of +二者” “二者中较……的一个”

  eg. 1) Lucy is the younger of the twins.

  2) Of(A) the two books(B) this one(C) is thicker(D). _________

  4)表示二者相差多少用 “具体数量 + 比较级”

  eg. He’s a head taller than me.

  My brother is two years older than me

  5)表示“是……几倍”时用“twice; three times等 + as…as”

  eg. 1)This book costs twice as much as that one. 这本书的价钱是那本书的两倍。

  6)区别older / elder与farther / further

  older(年龄较老的)

  elder(指兄弟姐妹中排行在前的)

  eg. My ______ brother is ______ than me.

  farther (指距离“较远的”)

  further(指抽象事物的“更进一步的”)

  eg.1)He went abroad for ________ studies.

  2)Fusun is _________ from our school than Zhaohua.

  形、副比较等级还应注意

  1.比较级前用a little ; much / a lot ; even / still来加强语气,表示“……一点儿;……得多 ; 更……”

  eg. 1) a little bigger 大一点儿

  2)much more 多得多

  3)even heavier更重

  但注意:不能在比较级前加so; too; very; quite等。

  2.比较级必须是同类事物相比(即as; than后的词应与主语是同类事物),注意常用漏的代词有:that; those; one; ones

  eg. 1)The apples in this basketare redder than in that basket.

  2)Our bedroom is bigger than Lily.

  3.表示“第二、第三……”时,可在最高级前加“second , third, …”(但“第一”不能用first)

  eg. The Changjiang River is the first longest river in China. 改错:________________

  形、副比较级和最高级的变化规则

  A、规则变化

  ①一般在词尾加er或est

  ②以e结尾的只加r或st

  ③以辅音字母加y结尾的,先变y为i,再加er或est

  ④以重读闭音节结尾的词,先双写最末的一个辅音字母,再加er或est

  5.多音节和部分双音节词,前加more为比较级,加(the)most为最高级

  6、不规则变化

  原级比较级最高级

  good/wellbetterbest

  many/muchmoremost

  bad/ill/badlyworseworst

  littlelessleast

  oldolder/elderoldest/eldest

  farfarther

  furtherfarthest

  furthest

  4)在形容词的最高级前一般加the, 副词的最高级前一般不加the (但当形容词最高级前有物主代词、所有格时则不再加the)。

  eg. Lily is my the best friend.(改错) ________

  5)形容词作表语、定语,修饰名词(但部分形容词不能作定语,只能表语,如:ill ; alone ; asleep ; afraid ; interested ; excited ; surprised ).

  注意:副词的种类、用法及位置

  1.副词的种类

  (1)时间副词

  ①表示大体时间:now,then,yesterday,today, tonight,before,justnow,recently,sO faf

  ②表示频率:always,usually,often,sometimes.seldom,never

  ③其它作用:already,yet,late,early,soon,at once,immediately,atfirst,at last,finally

  (2)地点副词

  ①表地点:here,there,home,abroad,upstairs,downstairs,anywhere,everywhere,nowhere,somewhere

  ②表位置关系(后接宾语时,用作介词):above,below,round,around,down,up,in,out,inside,outside,across,back,along,over,away,near,off,past

  (3)方式副词 表示谓语动词“怎样地”,(此类副词大部分由形容词加ly构成):badly,bravely,gratefully,calmly,carefully,carelessly,nervously,proudly,patiently,politely,sadly,properly,rapidly,wrongly,suddenly

  (4)程度副词 多数用来修饰形容词或副词:much,(a)little,a bit,very,sO,too,enough,quite,rather,completely,terribly,deeply,nearly,almost,hardly

  (5)疑问副词 构成特殊疑问句:how,when, where,why

  (6)连接副词 连接主语、宾语或表语从句:how,when,where,why

  (7)关系副词 引导定语从句:when,where,why

  (8)其它性质的副词 对整个句子进行说明,一般用逗号与主句隔开:frankly(坦率地说,说真的),generally(一般说来),luckily(幸运地是),first of all(首先)等。

  练 习

  一、写出下列词的比较级和最高级

  thin ____ ____ easy _____ ______

  early ______ ______ new ______ ______

  hot ______ ______ clever ______ _______

  little _____ ______ late _____ ______

  narrow______ ______fat _____ ______

  many ______ _____ big _____ ______

  dangerous__________ ___________

  wonderful __________ ___________

  careful __________ ____________

  slowly __________ ____________

  popular __________ ____________

  二、选择填空

  ( )1.Which language is ____ , English, French or Chinese?

  A. difficult B. the difficult

  C. more difficult D. the most difficult

  ( )2.Yangpu Bridge is one of ___ in the world

  A. bigger bridge B. the biggest bridge

  C. the biggest bridges D. bigger bridges

  ( )3.Tom is taller than Mike. But he is not ____ Mike.

  A. strong as B. so strong as

  C. so strong D. as strong

  ( )4.Most of the people in Guangdong are getting ______.

  A. more and rich B. more rich and more rich

  C. richer and richer D. rich and rich

  ( )5.This text is ____ easier and ____ interes- ting than that one.

  A. more ; much B. much ; more

  C. more ; more D. much ; much

  ( )6.Which do you like ____, beef, pork or chicken?

  A. good B. well C. better D. best

  ( )7.Put on more clothes. It is snowing ___ outside. A. strongly B. heavy C. heavily

  ( )8.John drives as ___ as Tom.

  A. carefully B. good C. nice D. fine

  ( )9.Is China larger than ____ in Africa.

  A. any country B. any other country

  C. any countries D. all countries

  ( )10.My ___ brother is ___ than I.

  A. elder, three years older B. older ; older

  C. older; three years elder D. elder ; elder

  ( )11.Li Mei is more beautiful than ___ in her class.

  A. any girl B. any other girl

  C. all the girls D. any girls

  ( )12.This problem is ___ than that one.

  A. ten times easy B. ten times easier

  C. ten times more easy D. ten time easier

  ( )13.This film is ___ interesting than that one.

  A. more B. much C. very D. the most

  ( )14.There is ___ in today’s newspaper.

  A. interesting nothing B. nothing interesting

  C. interested nothing D. nothing interested

  ( )15.The teacher asked all the students in the class to keep their eyes ____.

  A. close B. to close C. closing D. closed

  ( )16.The fat man always says his meat looks ____ and sells _____.

  A. good ; good B. well ; well

  C. good ; well D. well ; good

  ( )17.It seems that men are ____ making computers than women.

  A. better at B. good at

  C. well in D. weak in

  ( )18.The word’s population is growing fast every minute, especially in some ___ countries

  A. west B. more developed

  C. east D. less developed

  ( )19.This bridge is not ___ long and wide ____ the one in my hometown.

  A. so ; as B. very ; than C. too; as D. very ; as

  ( )20.I think the song in the film “Titanic” is ___ one of all the movie songs.

  A. the most beautiful B. most beautiful

  C. much more beautiful D. a beautiful

  ( )21.Lin Tao is as ___ as Zhang Hua.

  A. strong B. stronger

  C. strongest D. the strongest

  ( )22.Sara is ___ tired ___ move after the hard work.

  A. very ; to B. quite ; to

  C. too ; to D. so ; that

  ( )23. Jack didn’t run ___ to catch the bus.

  A. enough fast B. quickly enough

  C. enough slow D. slowly enough

  ( )24.The driver is very ___. He often drives his car _____.

  A. careful ; careful B. carefully; carefully

  C. carefully ; careful D. careful ; carefully

  ( )25.Look! All the children are working ___ on the farm.

  A. careful B. hard C. busy D. happy

  ( )26.The population of Shanghai is ___ than that of Xi’an.

  A. smaller B. fewer C. much D. larger

 


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