2013中考英语备考：短语和词组汇总121

　　暑假过后，新初三生们迎来了初中最重要的一年——初三。为方便2013年中考考生及家长查询相关信息，出国留学网中考频道特别搜集汇总了中考必背短语和词组以供参考：

　　从用法上复习归纳词汇，过语法关

　　英语词汇大多具有本身词义外，还有其语法功能，我们在复习时就不要把着眼点单纯放在单词记忆上，而 要从它们的语法功能上去把握它们。如在复习动词时我们就要根据它们变化形式多、搭配活跃等特点，从它们 的用法上进行分类记忆。这样，既可记住词汇，又可攻克语法难关。

　　1.宾语不同，意义也不同

　　英语中有些动词可同时后接不定式和动名词作宾语，但意义不同。它们是高考试题的考查重点。这类词主 要有：

　　go on doing(继续干同一件事) go on to do(接着去干另一件事)

　　stop doing sth.(停止正在干的事) stop to do sth.(停下来去干某事)

　　regret doing(后悔干了某事) regret to do(相当于be sorry to do)

　　forget/remember doing(忘记/记得已做过的事) forget/rem-ember to do(忘记/记得要干的事)

　　mean doing(意味着干…) mean to do(想干…)try doing(尝试做) try to do(设法做)

　　(95高考)"You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.""Well,now I regret_____ ___that."

　　A.to do B.to be doing C.to have done D.having done

　　(92高考)"I usually go there by train.""Why not____________by boat for a change?"

　　A.to try going B.trying to go C.to try and go D.try going

　　(87高考)They would not allow him_________across the line. A.to risk going B.risking going C.for risk to go D.risk going

　　2.都可接宾语和宾补，形式却不同

　　某些动词如forbid,advise,allow,permit,admit,consider等直接接动词作宾语时要用动名词，但接宾补时 ，宾补要用不定式。如： We forbid smoking here.(宾语)We forbid you to smoke here.(宾补)You are forbidden to smoke here.(主补)

　　3.宾语不同、语态不同，意义却相同

　　有些词如need,require,want,deserve等后可接不定式(要用被动形式)，可接动名词(要用主动形式表被 动意义)，可与worth,worthy一并记忆。两种形式意义相同。如：The room requires to be cleaned/cleaning.

　　(85高考)This sentence needs______________. A.an improvement B.improve C.improving D.improved

　　4.只接不定式作宾语的词和词组

　　只接不定式作宾语的词和词组有：decide,expect,refuse,wish,hope,order,promise,pretend,offer,happen,seem,make up one's mind,used,be about,be able,have等。如：(89高考)She pretended_______me when I passed by. A.not to see B.not seeing C.to not see D.having not seen

　　5.只接动名词作宾语的词和词组

　　只接动名词作宾语的词和词组：mind,risk,avoid,enjoy,escape,keep,suggest,appreciate,practise,delay,finish,feel like,look forward to,can't help,keep(on),miss,be usedto,excuse,be worth,imagine ,put off,give up等。如：

　　(92高考)I would appreciate_________back this afternoon.A.you to call B.you call C.your calling D.you are calling

　　(87高考)The squirrel was lucky that it just missed______.A.catching B.to be caught C.being caught D.to catch

　　6.系动词

　　系动词后可用名词、不定式、分词和形容词等作表语，这类词有：

　　表感观的系动词：look,sound,taste,smell,feel,seem,appear(这些词用形容词作表语)

　　表变化的系动词：become,get,turn,grow,make,come,go,fall,run表依旧的系动词：remain,keep,stay,continue,stand,rest,lie,hold

　　可带名词作表语的系动词：be,become,make,look,sound,fall,prove,remain,turn(该词后接的单数名词前多不用冠词。如：He turned teacher.)(91高考)These oranges taste____________.A.good B.well C.to be good D.to be well

　　7.含"被动"意味的动词

　　有些动词，如sell,open,close,wash,teach,burn,measure,cut,lock,cost,read,write,tear,wear,pull, clean,add,cook,let(出租)等，它们的主语是事物，且又是表示主语的固有特征和状态，与行为方式状语连 用时，要用主动形式表被动意义：

　　My pen writes smoothly.我的笔好写。Oil burns easily.油易燃烧。

　　(88高考)That suit_________over 60 dollars.A.had costed B.costed C.is cost D.cost

　　(97高考)"Is this raincoat yours?""No,mine____________there behind the door."A.is hanging B.has hung C.hangs D.hung

　　8.具有两种形式的易混动词

　　中学英语教材中有些不规则动词有两种过去式或两种过去分词形式，使用或考测时极易弄混。如：

　　hang,hanged,hanged(绞死)hang,hung,hung(挂起)

　　light,lit,lit(点燃，作谓语)light,lighted,lighted(过去分词作形容词用时，意谓"燃烧着的"，作定语)

　　drink,drank,drunk/drunken(喝，饮;过去分词作形容词同时，意谓"醉的"，drunk多作表语，drunke n多作定语)

　　sink,sank,sunk/sunken(下沉;过去分词sunken作形容词用时，作定语)

　　bear,bore,born(出生)bear,bore,borne(结果;生育)The woman,who was born in 1940,has borne five children.

　　lie(撒谎), lied, lied, lying lie(躺，卧，位于)，lay, lain, lying

　　(89高考)Do you know the boy___________under the big tree? A.lay B.lain C.laying D.lying

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