高考英语总复习语法专项 数词
2009-03-18 13:07 来源：互联网 作者：佚名 [打印] [评论]
一.基数词: 表示数目的数词

1.两位数: 几十和个位数之间加连词号, 如: twenty-three, forty-seven, ninety-six

2.三位数的读法: 第一个数字+hundred + and +后面的一位或两位数字, 如: 101读作one hundred and one, 864读作eight hundred and sixty-four

3.四位数和四位以上数字的读法: 阿拉伯数字每三位为一段, 从后往前用逗号分开, 每个逗号处所用的数词分别为: thousand, million, billion, 如: 21,634,755读作twenty-one million six hundred and thirty-four thousand seven hundred and fifty-five. 注意: 读这样的数时, 只在hundred一词后加and

4.hundred, thousand, million, billion表示具体数目时都不用复数形式, 但它们的复数形式可以用于一些词组中, 如: hundreds of, thousands of, millions of, billions of.

5.数词dozen, score的用法与hundred, thousand等相同

二.序数词: 表示数目顺序的词

1.序数词一般是由基数词加th构成, 序数词前一定要加the, 如: the seventh, the thirteenth, the one hundredth

2.以y结尾的基数词构成序数词时, 先把y变为i, 再加eth, 如: the twentieth, the fortieth, the fiftieth, the eightieth

3.大于二十的基数词对应的序数词, 只将末位数变为序数词, 前面的其他位数仍用基数词, 如: 第532读作five hundred and thirty-second

4.不规则的序数词如下: the first, the second, the third, the fifth, the eighth, the ninth, the twelfth

三.数词的用法:

1.编号的事物可用序数词或基数词加名词构成, 如: the fourth lesson =lesson four, the fifteenth page =page fifteen, the ninth part =part nine

2.编号的事物若数字较大, 一般用基数词放在名词后面来表示, 名词前一般不用定冠词, 如: room 302, page 215, No. 101 middle school

3.在表示年月日时, 年用基数词, 日用序数词, 年的读法是, 从后往前, 将年份分成两位一段, 依次读出每一段即可, 如: April 5,1976 读作April (the) fifth...

高考英语总复习语法专项 介词

十.behind作介词的用法:

①.在…后面, 到…后面

a. There is a garden behind the house.

b. The dog was running behind its master’s bicycle.

c. We could feel the threat behind all they said.

d. He was behind the others in ability.

②.比…晚

a. New York is twelve hours behind Peking in time.

b. He arrived at the office ten minutes behind me.

③.词组和固定搭配: behind the times过时, 跟不上时代; behind time晚了, 晚点

十一.below作介词的用法: 表示 “在…以下, 在…下面”

a. The temperature is below freezing.

b. Miners work below the surface of the earth.

十二.beside作介词的用法:

①.在…旁边

a. He was sitting beside her.

b. The house is beside the river.

②.和…比较起来

a. His work seems poor beside yours.

b. Beside last year’s results, the number for this year have fallen.

十三.besides作介词的用法: 表示 “除了”

a. I think there are nine pounds left, besides come pennies.

b. Twelve students passed the exam besides Jim.

十四.beyond作介词的用法:

①.在…之外, 在…的那一边(更远处)

a. The house is beyond the bridge.

b. The sun sets beyond the distant hills.

②.超出(能力, 范围等)

a. The noisy child is beyond her control.

b. The stars in the sky are beyond number.

c. To do this was quite beyond my ability.

d. He was beyond the help of the doctor.

e...

高考英语总复习语法专项 名词从句

2009-03-18 11:37 来源：互联网 作者：佚名 [打印] [评论]

概述

一.定义: 在句中的作用相当于一个名词的从句叫做名词性从句

二.分类: 名词性从句包括四类, 分别是: 主语从句, 宾语从句, 表语从句, 同位语从句

三.引导词: 名词从句的引导词包括连词that / if / whether, 连接代词who / whom / whose / what / which, 连接副词when / where / how / why, 另外还有: whatever, whichever, whoever等

主语从句

一.定义: 在句中充当主语的从句就是主语从句

二.示例:

a. That he looked at me in that strange way puzzled me.

b. Whether we can control the floods is still uncertain.

c. What he wanted to see was an end to all the armies of the world.

d. When the broadcast station will be ready is unknown.

e. Who made the long distance call to him is not important.

f. Whether we’ll go depends on the weather.

三.应注意的问题:

1.以that引导主语从句时, 常用it作形式主语, 而把真正主语后移, 如在以下句型中就是如此: It is + adj / n + that...; It is said / reported / hoped that...

a. It is certain that fuels like coal and oil cause a lot of pollution.

b. It was said that only three people in the world could understand it at that time.

2.whether引导主语从句时, 常置于句首 (此时whether不能用if代替), 也有后移的用法 (此时whether可以用if代替)

a. Whether they will come is not yet known.

b. It is not yet known whether they will go there.

3.连接代词who, what, which和连接副词when, where, how, why引导主语从句时, 一般不后移

a. What I told you last night was really true.

b. Wh...

高考英语总复习语法专项 动词概述

2009-03-18 11:52 来源：互联网 作者：佚名 [打印] [评论]

动词的分类

动词按其在句中所充当的句子成分分为谓语动词和非谓语动词

一.谓语动词: 用于谓语中的动词称为谓语动词. 按照其能否独立作谓语, 谓语动词又可分为两类:

1.能独立作谓语的动词称为完全动词, 即实义动词;

2.不能独立作谓语的动词称为不完全动词, 包括: 连系动词, 情态动词, 助动词

连系动词有两种: ①.表示特征状态, 如: be, appear看起来, seem看来,似乎, look看起来, sound听起来, smell闻起来, taste尝起来, feel 摸起来, remain仍然是; ②.表示变化过程, 如: become变成, get成为, grow变得, turn变成, go变得, prove证明是

情态动词和助动词参看其他章节

二.非谓语动词: 不充当谓语的动词形式称为非谓语动词, 包括: 不定式, 分词(现在分词和过去分词), 动名词三种, 它们在句中可以充当主语, 宾语, 表语, 定语, 状语等, 具体细节参看第十一章.

三.使用实义动词时要注意的问题:

1.实义动词分为及物与不及物, 及物动词要求有宾语, 能用于被动语态; 不及物动词不能有宾语, 不能用于被动语态

2.实义动词还可分为持续动词与瞬间动词, 前者可以与表示段时间的时间状语连用, 而后者不可. 但瞬间动词的否定式表示“该动作没有发生”, 可视为一种可持续的状态, 并可与段时间状语连用

a. They watched the train leave for five minutes. ( watch是持续动词)

b. I received his letter yesterday. ( receive是瞬间动词)

c. How long have you joined the army ?(错误: joined是瞬间动词, 不能与段时间how long连用)

d. When did you join the army ? (正确)

e. How long have you been in the army ? (正确)

f. How long may I borrow the book ? (错误: borrow是瞬间动词, 不能与段时间how long连用)

g. How long may I keep the book ? (正确)

h. I haven’t received his letter for almost two months. (not receive表示“没有收到”, 这一意思可视为一种持续的状态, 因此可以和段时间two months连用)

四.短语动词的种类: 共有五种不同的短语动词

1. “动词+介词”: 相当于一个及物动词, 如: depend on, look for

2. “动词+...

高考英语总复习语法专项 冠词

2009-03-18 13:04 来源：互联网 作者：佚名 [打印] [评论]

不定冠词

不定冠词用于名词之前, 表示“一个” “一类”. a用于一般名词之前, an用于发音以元音音素开头的词之前(不是以元音字母开头), 如: an apple, an hour, a university.

一.不定冠词的用法:

1.第一次提到某人某事某物时, 用a / an起介绍作用

a. What is he? He is a teacher.

b. There is a new book on the table.

2.概括人或事物的整体, 表示一类, 即以其中的一个代表一类时用a / an

a. A bike is very useful in the countryside.

b. An elephant is stronger than a horse.

3.a / an用于某些词组, 是词组不可缺少的组成部分, 如: go out for a walk, a long time, a few, a mouthful, have a talk, as a result, in a hurry

4.a表示“每一”之意, 用于表示时间, 速度, 价格等意义的名词之前, 如: three times a day每天三次

a. The eggs are five yuan a dozen.

b. We have English lessons five times a week.

5.a用于抽象名词之前表示具体介绍. “a+抽象名词”起具体化的作用, 表示 “一个什么样的人/事/物”

a. This little boy is a joy to his parents.

b. This book is a great help to me.

c. The party is a great success.

d. It is a pleasure to talk with you.

6.用在称呼之前, 表示“某个”, 如: a Mr. Wang一个姓王的人

7.and连接两个名词, 若分别加a / an, 表示两个人或物; 若只在第一个名词前加a / an, 则表示一个人或物, 如: a black and white horse一匹黑白相间的马; a black and a white horse一匹黑马和一匹白马;

a. He a teacher and writer.他是位教师兼作家 <...

高考英语总复习语法专项 定语从句

2009-03-18 11:32 来源：互联网 作者：佚名 [打印] [评论]

关系代词引导的定语从句

一.关系代词的用法: 关系代词指代先行词

在定语从句中作主语

在定语从句中作动词的宾语或者介词的宾语, 介词在后

指人

that / who

that / who / whom

指物

that / which

that / which

上表中黑框内的关系代词可以省略; 在口语及非正式文体中whom常被who所替代; 另外, 关系代词whose表示 “…(先行词)的”

二.示例:

1.关系代词在定语从句中作主语

a. Do you know the man that / who came to see Xiao Yang this morning ?

b. This is a book that / which tells about space rocket.

2.关系代词在定语从句中作动词的宾语

a. The comrade ( that / who / whom ) they came to visit is a scientist.

b. I will never forget the day ( that / which ) we spent in the countryside.

3.关系代词在定语从句中作介词的宾语, 介词在后

a. This is the house ( that / which ) he was born in.

b. The person ( that / who / whom ) you should write to is Mr Ball.

c. The man ( that / who / whom ) you talked with is our English teacher.

4.whose引导的定语从句

a. I know a lady whose husband is a Nobel Prize winner.

b. The child whose mother died in the fire is now an engineer in our company.

c. He is living in a house whose windows are painted white.

三.应注意的问题:

1.指物时, 关系代词只用that而不用which的情况:

①.先行词被最高级或the only, the very, the same等修饰时

a. This is the best play that was written by Jack.

b. He is the only perso...