托福模拟考试

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　　Questions 31-40

　　Glacier National park in Montana shares boundaries with Canada, an American Indian reservation, and a national forest. Along the North Fork of the Flathead River, the park also borders about 17,000 acres of private lands that are currently used for ranching, timber, and agriculture. This land is an important part of the habitat and migratory routes for several endangered species that frequent the park. These private lands are essentially the only ones available for development in the region.

　　With encouragement from the park, local landowners initiated a land-use planning effort to guide the future of the North Fork. The park is a partner in an interlocal agreement that calls for resource-managing agencies to work together and with the more than 400 private owners in the area. A draft plan has been prepared, with the objective of maintaining traditional economic uses but limiting new development that would damage park resources. Voluntary action by landowners, in cooperation with the park and the county, is helping to restrict small-lot subdivisions, maintain wildlife corridors, and minimize any harmful impact on the environment.

　　The willingness of local landowners to participate in this protection effort may have been stimulated by concerns that Congress would impose a legislative solution.

　　Nevertheless, many local residents ...

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　　Question 41-50

　　If the salinity of ocean waters is analyzed, it is found to vary only slightly from place to place. Nevertheless, some of these small changes are important. There are three basic processes that cause a change in oceanic salinity. One of these is the subtraction of water from the ocean by means of evaporation —— conversion of liquid water to water vapor. In this manner, the salinity is increased, since the salts stay behind. If this is carried to the extreme, of course, white crystals of salt would be left behind.

　　The opposite of evaporation is precipitation, such as rain, by which water is added to the ocean. Here the ocean is being diluted so that the salinity is decreased. This may occur in areas of high rainfall or in coastal regions where rivers flow into the ocean. Thus salinity may be increased by the subtraction of water by evaporation, or decreased by the addition of fresh water by precipitation or runoff.

　　Normally, in tropical regions where the sun is very strong, the ocean salinity is somewhat higher than it is in other parts of the world where there is not as much evaporation. Similarly, in coastal regions where rivers dilute the sea, salinity is somewhat lower than in other oceanic areas.

　　A third process by which salinity may be altered is associated with the formation and melting of sea ice. When seawater is...

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　　1.

　　- M: Look, I’m sorry to bother you about this, but that music’s really loud.

　　- W: I didn’t realize you could hear it.

　　What will the woman probably do?

　　2.

　　- M: George is going to work in New York for the summer.

　　- W: Can he do that and go to summer school?

　　What does the woman imply about George?

　　3.

　　- W: Shouldn’t someone pick up the clothes from the cleaner’s?

　　- M: Don’t look at me!

　　What does the man mean?

　　4.

　　- W: Congratulations! I understand you got a job. When do you start work?

　　- M: You must be thinking of someone else. I’m still waiting to hear.

　　What does the man mean?

　　5.

　　- W: Are you sure you corrected all the typing errors? You want to make a good impression.

　　- M: I’d better read through the paper

　　What is the man going to do?转自:考试网 - [Examw.Com]

　　6.

　　- M: I think the whole class is going on the field trip next Friday.

　　- W: I’m not so sure. Not everyone has paid the transportation fee.

　　What does the woman imply?

　　7.

　　- W: Could you bring my calculator back? I need it to do my math homework tonight.

　　- M: I don’t know how to put this; but, uh, I dropped it, and now the “...

　　New findings in scientific areas can examine and challenge previous assumptions. A recent finding concerning the meerkat, a burrow-dwelling animal in the African grasslands, has cast doubt upon the conventional ideas of altruism, the type of behavior in which an animal sacrifices its own interests for the benefit of another.

　　Meerkats were previously thought to be a typical altruistic animal. When the other meerkats feed, there is usually one meerkat watching out for predators. The sentinel meerkat gains nothing, it seems, for it can neither eat nor escape quickly and successfully after raising an alarm.

　　However, in the new findings, it's shown that the sentinel meerkat has already eaten food before standing guard, thus contradicting the thought that it has an empty belly while on the lookout. In addition to this, the sentinel is the first to see a predator, so it is the first to escape. It is also placed nearest a burrow, making it relatively easier to flee. Moreover, its alarm calls may cause the group either to gather or to spread rapidly, which may attract the predator's attention, providing the sentinel a better chance to escape.

　　The same is with supposed human altruistic behavior. Organ donation to strangers may be considered an unselfish act, which provides little reward to the donator. However, by donating his organ, the donator may most probably receive praise and appreciation from others. Isn't this non-material reward, which increa...