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A
The space shuttle Columbia flared and broke up in the skies over Texas on Saturday, February 1,2003, killing the seven astronauts on board in what NASA and President Bush called a tragedy for the entire nation. NASA launched an investigation into the disaster and began searching for the astronauts' remains. It said that although there had been some data failures it was too early to nail down a precise cause. The break-up, 16 minutes before the shuttle was due to land at Kennedy Space Center in Florida, spread possibly toxic debris(有毒的残骸) over a wide swath of Texas and neighboring states.
Dramatic television images of the shuttle's descent clearly showed several white trails(痕迹) streaking through blue skies after the shuttle suddenly fell apart. It was almost 17 years to the day that the Challenger shuttle exploded on Jan. 28, 1986, killing all seven astronauts on board. Take-off and re-entry into Earth's atmosphere are the most dangerous parts of a space mission. In 42 years of US' human space flight, there had never been an accident in the descent to Earth or landing. Challenger exploded just after take-off.
Rescue teams scrambled to search for the remains of the crew, which included the first Israeli to fly on the shuttle, former combat pilot Col. Ilan Ramon. There were warnings that parts of a vast 120-mile-long corridor of debris could be toxic because of poisonous rocket propellant(推进器).
"We are not ready to confirm that we have found any human remains," Nacogdoches County Sheriff Thomas Kerrs said. He added that among the roughly 1,000 calls reporting debris, some people said they found remains of crew members.
"The Columbia is lost. There are no survivors, ?Their mission was almost complete and we lost them so close to home. ? America's space program will go on," said a grim-faced Bush in a message broadcast on television, which included condolences to the families of the dead astronauts.
1. The word “descent” in the passage means ________. A. taking off B. landing C. orbiting D. walking down
答案解析：答案为B。本题为词义推断题。由第三段第二句话 “In 42 years of US' human space flight, there had never been an accident in the descent to Earth or landing.”可知，在美国42年的载人航空飞行中，从来没有在着陆地面时发生事故，言外之意就是Columbia 航天飞机是着陆地面时坠毁。“or landing”对应的意思就是descent。故答案为B。
2. Which is true of the Israeli astronaut Ilan Ramon?
A. He was the first Israeli astronaut to fly on the shuttle.
B. He was the first foreign astronaut to fly on the American shuttle. C. He used to be a passenger plane pilot.
D. He was the only survivor in the Columbia disaster. 答案解析：答案为A。本题为细节题。由第四段第一句话 “?, which included the first Israeli to fly on the shuttle, former combat pilot Col. Ilan Ramon.”可知，Ilan Ramon是第一个以色列乘坐航天飞机的宇航员，也是一名前战斗飞行员，故A选项正确，B，C错误。由最后一段第二句话 “There are no survivors,” 可知没有幸存者，故D选项错误。故答案为A。
3. The Columbia disaster and the Challenger disaster were similar in that ________.
A. there were seven astronauts killed on board B. both the shuttles exploded when they took off
C. Both the shuttles exploded when they were about to land D. no human remains were found 答案解析：答案为A。本题为细节推理题，要求寻找Columbia 和the Challenger 事故的相似之处。由第一段首句 “The space shuttle Columbia flared and broke up ?, killing the seven astronauts on board ?”和第二段最后一句 “It was almost 17 years to the day that the Challenger shuttle exploded on Jan. 28, 1986, killing all seven astronauts on board.”可知，Columbia 和the Challenger都有七名宇航员遇难。故答案为A。
由第三段 “In 42 years of US' human space flight, there had never been an accident in the descent to Earth or landing. Challenger exploded just after take-off.”可知，Columbia是着陆地面时坠毁，Challenger是在刚刚起飞后爆炸，故B、C选项错误。由倒数第二段最后一句话 “?, some people said they found remains of crew members.” 可知，有些人说他们找到了宇航员的残骸，故D选项错误。
4. Which of the following is wrong according to the news?
A. The U.S.A. will give up the space program because of the accident. B. NASA hasn’t found the cause of the Columbia disaster.
C. Before the Columbia disaster, no shuttles had exploded in the course of landing.
D. Take-off and re-entry into Earth's atmosphere are the most dangerous parts of a space mission.
答案解析：答案为A。本题为细节题。由最后一段 “America's space program will go on,”可知，A选项与文章不符，故答案为A。
由第一段 “NASA launched an investigation into the disaster and began searching for the astronauts' remains. It said that although there had been some data failures it was too early to nail down a precise cause.”可知，NASA认为对事故的准确原因进行定论还为时过早，故B选项与文章符合。结合第一题的分析可知，C选项与文章符合。由第三段首句 “ Take-off and re-entry into Earth's atmosphere are the most dangerous parts of a space mission.” 可知，D选项与文章符合。故B、C、D均不选。
B
A lot of us lose life's tough battles by starting a frontal attack--when a touch of humor might well enable us to win. Consider the case of a young friend of mine, who was on his trapped way to work shortly after receiving an ultimatum(最后通牒) about the job. Although there was a good reason for Sam's being late--serious illness at home--he decided that this by-now-familiar excuse wouldn't work any longer. His supervisor was probably already pacing up and down preparing a dismissal speech. Yes, the boss was, Sam entered the office at 9:35. The place was as quiet as a locker room; everyone was hard at work. Sam's supervisor came up to him. Suddenly, Sam forced a grin and stretched out his hand. "How do you do!" he said. "I'm Sam Maynard. I'm applying for a job, which, I understand, became available just 35 minutes ago. Does the early bird get the worm?"
The room exploded in laughter, except that the supervisor had to clamp off a smile and walked back to his office. Sam Maynard had saved his job--with the only tool that could win, a laugh.
Humor is a most effective, yet frequently neglected, means of handling the difficult situations in our lives. It can be used for patching up differences, apologizing, saying "no", criticizing, getting the other fellow to do what you want without his losing face. For some jobs, it's the only tool that can succeed. It is a way to discuss subjects so sensitive that serious dialog may start a quarrel. For example, many believe that comedians on television are doing more today for racial and religious tolerance than people in any other forum. 1. Why was Sam late for his job?
A. Because he was seriously ill at home. B. Because he received an ultimatum.
C. Because he was busy applying for a new job. D. Because he was caught in a traffic jam.
答案解析：答案为D。本题为细节推理题。由第一段第二句话 “?, who was on his trapped way to work shortly after receiving an ultimatum about the job.”可知，Sam迟到是因为交通堵塞，故答案为D。 2. What is the main idea of this passage?
A. Sam Maynard saved his job with humor. B. Humor is important in our lives.
C. Early bird can get the worm. D. Humor can solve racial discriminations.
答案解析：答案为B。本题为主旨大意题。 结合文章第一段首句 “A lot of us lose life's tough battles by starting a frontal attack--when a touch of humor might well enable us to win.”和最后一段首句 “Humor is a most effective, yet frequently neglected, means of handling the difficult situations in our lives.”可知，本文是阐述幽默在生活中的重要性。故答案为B。
3. The phrase "clamp off" in Paragraph 3 means ________.
A. try to hold back B. pretend to set C. send off D. give out 答案解析：答案为A。本题为词义推断题。结合划线部分的前后文，Sam屡次迟到，最后一次要被主管炒鱿鱼的时候，他进办公室却用幽默的方式和主管讲了个冷笑话“您好!我是Sam Maynard，我想申请一个35分钟之前空出来的位置，请问早到的鸟儿有虫吃吗?” 这个笑话惹得办公室的人哄堂大笑，由 “except that the supervisor had to clamp off a smile and walked back to his office.” 可知，除了主管不得不强忍着微笑回到自己的办公室，以维护自己的尊严。故答案为A。
4. Which of the following statements can we infer from the passage? A. Many lose life's battles for they are always late. B. Sam was supposed to come to his office at 8:30.
C. It wasn't the first time that Sam came late for his work. D. Humor is the most effective way of solving problems. 答案解析：答案为C。本题为推理题。由第一段第二句话 “Consider the case of a young friend of mine, who was on his trapped way to work shortly after receiving an ultimatum about the job.”可知，Sam刚接到了老板的最后通牒后，却又遇到了交通堵塞，可以推断他经常迟到。故C选项正确。由第二段 Sam说的话“I'm Sam Maynard. I'm applying for a job, which, I understand, became available just 35 minutes ago.”可推断，35分钟前老板开除了他，因为没按时到岗，而他在9:35到达办公室，故可推断上班时间是9:00。故B选项错误。A选项未提及，D选项太绝对，均不选。
2013高考英语试题分类小结篇：名词性从句
2013高考英语试题分类小结篇：动词与动词短语
2013高考英语试题分类小结篇：动词的时态和语态
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