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Unit 9 When was it invented ?
被动语态
被动语态基本用法:当句子的主语是动作的执行者时,谓语的形式是主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时,谓语要用被动语态。被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成,时态通过be表现出来。
被动语态基本结构:be+及物动词的过去分词 (如果是不用物动词,其过去分词应带有相应的介词)
各种时态的被动语态构成
一般现在时:S(主语)+am/is /are +P.P(动词的过去分词)
一般过去时:S+was/were +P.P.
情态动词:S+ can/may/must/should + be+ P.P.
一般将来时:S+ will+be+ P.P.
现在进行时:S+am/is /are+being +P.P
现在完成时:S+ have/has + been+ P.P.
过去进行时:S+ was/were+being+ P.P.
被动语态基本结构:be+及物动词的过去分词
(如果是不用物动词,其过去分词应带有相应的介词)
被动语态中的be 是助动词,有人称、数和时态的变化。
被动语态中动作的发出者或执行者做介词by的宾语,放在句末,by 表示“由,被”的意思
汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等时。例如:
It is believed that …… 人们认为 …… It is said that …… 据说 ……
It is thought that …… 人们认为 …… It is known that …… 众所周知 ……
It is reported that ……据报道 …… It is proved that ……据证明 ……
It is announced that ……据宣布 …… It is suggested that ……据建议 ……
It is requested that ……据要求 …… It is demanded that ……据要求 ……
典型例题
1、 These eggs ______ in the Gobi Desert by a group of scientists.
A. are founded B. were founded C. found D. were found
此题应该选用D项。从“ These eggs„ ”中可知前面的主语是“find”动词的承受者,而 “„by a group of scientists.”更加证明了这一点,“ were founded”意思为“被成立”,故应该选用“were found”。
2、 I _____ a present by my father on my birthday every year.
A. give B. was given C. will be given D. am given
此题应该选用D项。从“by my father ”中可知前面的主语是“give”动词的承受者,而 “every year”证明了要用现在时态的被动语态结构,故应该选用“am given”。
3、 He was _________ in the open air just now .
A. hearing singing B. heard sing C. heard to sing D. hearing sing
此题应该选用C项。从“He was„ ”中可知前面的主语是“hear ”动词的承受者,而动词不定式当中的“hear sb do sth”在被动语态中要加“to ”,故应该选用“heard to sing”。
4、 Several man-made satellites ________ by China in the last few years.
A. have been sent up B. have sent up C. are sent up D. were sent up
此题应该选用A项。从“„by China in the last few years. ”中可知前面的主语是“ send up”动词的承受者,而 “in the last few years.”意思为“在过去的几年中”,应该用完成时态, 而不是过去时态,故应该选用“have been sent up”。
5、 Another new road ______in our home town next year.
A. will build B. is built C. will be built D. has been built
此题应该选用C项。从“„next year. ”中可知是将来时态,而前面的主语是“ Another new road”是“ build”动词的承受者,故应该选用“ will be built”。
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