高考英语语法讲解

高考英语语法精要讲解八：不定代词

1、every each

①every指时间: every other day,

every three days = every third day

②each放在复数主谓语之间:

We each have a book.

③each放在句尾:

She gave her children an apple each.

2、some- any- every- no-

①作单数看: Is there anyone here who is a doctor?

②不与 of 连用:

不说someone of; no one of. etc

可说 some one of; none of, etc.

③＋ adj. / to do (vt.): Is there anything for me to sit on ?

④＋ else: This isn’t mine. It’s someone else’s.

3、some any

①表示请求、建议的问句用some

Would you like some (more) coffee ?

②some + n.(singl.)

You will realize it some day.

③any在肯定句中表示任何一个（无论哪个）

Any child can answer that.

Give me a plate. Any one (plate) will do.

④any (some) of ＋限定词＋n.

some of the oil , any of my water

4、both all

①常用于助动词或情感动词后，但在简答中放在前面

● The girls are both ready.

● --- Are you ready ? --- Yes, we both (all) are.

②放在作宾语的宾格代词后面

He gave some to us all (both).

③all单独用，指人时谓语用用复数；指物时谓语用单数

●All is lost.

● All are here.

5、either neither

① either…or; neither…nor 作主语，谓语的使用是邻近原则

Neither he nor I am going to London.

②作定语，修饰单数名词

Neither (Either) book is satisfactory.

6、another (the) other (the) others

高考英语语法精要讲解四：人称代词

1、多个人称代词的排列顺序
①you and I
②he and I
③you and he
④you, he and I
⑤you, they and we(情况多)
2、It 的用法
① 代替this, that
That’s a book, isn’t it ?
② 做某动作的人或婴儿
---Someone is coming. Who can it be ?
---It may be Jack.
It’s a lovely baby. Is it a boy or a girl?
③表示时间、距离、自然现象
It’s 20 miles to (from) Paris.
3、简略回答中用so, not, it 的情况
①肯定答语中，下列动词后面常用so:
think, hope, believe, I’m afraid, It seems (appears), etc.
---Is it true that he had a heart attack?
---I’m afraid so. / I believe so. / It seems so.
②否定答语中用not:
---Has Anne got into university?
---I’m afraid not. / I think not. / It seems not.
③协力动词中也可以用not…so:
believe, think, suppose, expect, etc
I don’t believe so. / I don’t think so.
④do代替上下文动词，并且表示一个已完成的动作时，
do后常用so / it:
---Please lay the table.
---I’ve just done so (it).

状语从句是句子的状语由一个从句充当，来修饰主句中的动词，形容词或副词等。状语从句都由从属连词引导，与主句连接，放在句末时，一般不在前面加逗号。状语从句根据它表示的意思可分为时间，原因，条件，比较，结果

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状语从句是句子的状语由一个从句充当，来修饰主句中的动词，形容词或副词等。状语从句都由从属连词引导，与主句连接，放在句末时，一般不在前面加逗号。

状语从句根据它表示的意思可分为时间，原因，条件，比较，结果，目的等类。下面我们拣重点的一个一个来分析。

时间状语从句：是由when, as, while, after, before, since, until, as soon as 等从属连词引导的状语从句。时间状语从句中的谓语动词不能用一般将来时，只能用一般现在时表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。 如:I will call you as soon as I arrive there.

原因状语从句： because, since, as和for都表示原因。常常令我们不知该用哪个好。我们来比较一下。because语势最强，回答why提出的问题，用来说明人所不知的原因。当能够很明显的看出原因或人们已知原因，就用as或since。如：I don't like that coat,because the color looks terrible. 由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用for来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断，就只能用for。如：He is not here, because / for his mother is ill.

目的状语从句：表示目的状语的从句可以由in order that, so that,等词引导。如：You must raise your voice so that/in order that everybody can hear you clearly.

结果状语从句：结果状语从句常由so...that 或 such...that引导，要掌握和区分这两个句型，首先要了解so和such后面分别跟什么词。such是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so是副词, 只能修饰形容词或副词。so 还可与表示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用，形成固定搭配。如：The box is so heavy that I can't carry it.

让步状语从句：是由though, although 引导的状语从句。though, although 和 but不能同时使用。

高考英语语法精要讲解二十五：语态

1、含有被动意义的主动动词

sell wash write read

The new type (of ) TV receiver sells well.

This book reads interesting.

The pen writes quite smoothly.

This (kind of) cloth washes very well.

This cloth is washed. (洗好了）

2、常用被动结构的动词

be born be married be obliged be hurt

be caught in the rain be covered with

I was caught in the rain on the way back.

3、主动表示被动的情况

①知觉动词＋ adj.

The material feels very soft.

The music sounds too loud.

②非谓语动词

A. need want require be worth

Your coat wants mending ( to be mended).

B. Subj. + be + adj. + to do (vt.)

The chair is comfortable to sit on

★ be to blame (该受责备）

C. There be

There are six letters to write (to be written).

③ prove -vi.（被）证明是

He will prove (to be) the winner.

4、get + p. p.

She got caught in the rain.

From then on, her leg got treated four times a day.

5、（人）+ be + 情感动词-ed

be surprised (astonished, etc. ) at (with ….)

His words astonished everyone in the room.

→ Everyone was astonished at his words.

be delighted at (with); be pleased at (by, with );

be tired of (from); be satisfied with;

be worried about; be interested in;

be frightened ( terrified) at

6、自动和它动

高考英语语法精要讲解三十八：表语从句

1、关联词不能省略

2、从句用陈述语序

常见引导词

what, when, where, why, whether, how, that, because, which,

What surprised me most was that he spoke English so well.

The question is how what you’ve said can be put into practice.

The reason (why ) he didn’t come is that he was ill.

It (This , That) is because iron contains more carbon than steel.

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　　关系代词that 的用法

　　1)不用that的情况

　　a) 在引导非限定性定语从句时。

　　(错)　The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.

　　b) 介词后不能用。

　　We depend on the land from which we get our food.

　　We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.

　　2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况

　　a)　在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。

　　b)　在不定代词，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。

　　c)　先行词有the only, the very修饰时，只用that。

　　d)　先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。.

　　e)　先行词既有人，又有物时。

　　举例：

　　All that is needed is a supply of oil.

　　所需的只是供油问题。

　　Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.

　　那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。