托福阅读既要不断的练习与积累,也有一定的技巧,为了帮助考生们更加有效的备考托福,出国留学网托福考试栏目为大家提供“2016托福阅读特殊句式详细解析”,希望考生们能有所收获。
1.倒装句
为了强调、突出等语的目的而颠倒原有语序的句式叫做倒装句。在倒装句中,颠倒了的成分可以恢复原位而句意基本不变,句法成分不变。
So admired were these pieces that they encouraged the development of earthenware made in imitation of porcelain and instigated research into the method of their manufacture.
分析:这句话开头用了so that的搭配,为了强调,进行了倒装,正常语序应该是These pieces are so admired that they……。主句主语是these pieces,从句中they指代these pieces,谓语是由and连接的两个动作encouraged和instigated,第一个动作中made in imitation是后置定语修饰the development of earthenware。
翻译:这些瓷器受到如此的仰慕,以至于它们鼓励了模仿瓷器的土质陶瓷的发展,并且激发了关于它们制造方法的研究。
常见的就这么几种形式,大家平时碰到的时候要着重分析理解,并累积总结。
2.形式主语
托福阅读中作为形式主语的it并无实际语义,只是为了满足语法上的需要,避免句子头重脚轻,它代替的是托福阅读文章中句子的逻辑主语。下面分类举几个例子。
①句子的逻辑主语为不定式
When such statues are viewed in isolation, out of their original context and without knowledge of their function, it is easy to criticize them for their rigid attitudes that remained unchanged for three thousand years.
分析:when… 在这里做条件状语,其中are viewed是被动形式,…in isolation是常用形式,意为用独立的方式;两个逗号之间的介词短语可以理解为插入成分,做解释说明之用,不影响主句信息;逗号后面it作形式主语,真正的主语是criticize them for their rigid attitudes,句中that引导定语从句修饰attitudes。
翻译:当这些雕像被单独看待,脱离对其原始情境的了解和功能作用的认识,对它们三千年不变的僵硬姿态发出责难是很容易的。
②句子的逻辑主语为名词从句
It is significant that the earliest living thing that built communities on these islands are examples of symbiosis, ...